Fizik Problemleri Çözmede Düşünce Deneyleri: Fizik Öğretmen Adayları Üzerine Bir İnceleme

The current study is a two-step survey aiming at determining thought experiments designed by students within problem solving behavior and the structure. The first step was carried out with 22 first year and 28 fifth year students studying in the Program of Physics Teaching. A scale made up of 6 open ended questions regarding the motion law was used and the answers given by the students were examined through codes made to allow them to design a thought experiment. In the second step, an unattended observation was made to determine the thought experiment they will show in another test made up of 4 open – ended questions. Following the observation, semi-structured interviews were made with the students. At the end of the data analysis, the structures of the thought experiments were compared and the differences and similarities found were discussed.Bu araştırma, öğrencilerin bir problem çözme davranışı içinde tasarladıkları düşünce deneylerini ve bu düşünce deneylerinin yapılarını belirlemeyi amaçlayan, iki aşamadan oluşan tarama temelini esas alan bir çalışmasıdır. Uygulamanın birinci aşaması Fizik Öğretmenliği Programında öğrenim gören 22 birinci sınıf ve 28 beşinci sınıf öğrencisiyle yapılmıştır. Hareket yasalarıyla ilgili 6 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan ölçek kullanılmış ve öğrencilerin verdikleri cevaplar bir düşünce deneyi tasarlayabilmeleri açısından yapılan kodlamalarla incelenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise ilk oturumda belirlenen 5 birinci sınıf ve 4 beşinci sınıf öğrencisiyle 4 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan başka bir testte ortaya koyacakları düşünce deneylerini belirlemek amacıyla katılımsız gözlem yapılmıştır. Gözlemi takiben öğrencilerle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelere başvurulmuştur. Verilerin analizi sonucunda ortaya çıkan düşünce deneylerinin yapıları karşılaştırılmış ve sınıflar arasında ortaya çıkan farklar ve benzerlikler tartışılmıştır

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Bafa gölündeki ceran balığı (Lizaramada rissa, 1826) populasyonunun biyolojik yönden incenlenmesi

63 VII-SUMMARY The aim of this study is the biological investigation of the population of Liza ramada in Bafa Lake» Investiga tions on mullet are scarce in Turkey. Except a few bio-ecol ogical investigations, others were on taxonomical, diagnos tic and morphological topics. Age determination was made from scales which were taken from a catch of 360 Liza ramada samples from Bafa Lake. Fur thermore, Otolith and first dorsal fin rays were tried for age determination, but scale method is preferred. Our samples show an age distribution between I and X. The female / male ratio of the population is 1.35. The moBt abundant age-groups in the population are between IV-VII. In the investigated samples, length and weight distributions are found to be between 19. 6-53.0 cms and 66-1225 gs res pec - tively. Although in early age-groups, no significant differ ences were observed between the sexes in length, near the spawning age,.a significant difference appeared. Also, no significant difference was observed between the sexes in weight. The rate of the most relative increase in length and weight were in the II. age, the rate of the least relative increase in length was in the VIII. age and in weight was in the VII. age. Although increasing rate in length and weight were high in early ages, those rates decreased in64 advanced ages. No significant difference-was found~betweBn the sexeson condition factor. Generally, the condition factor in creased with the advancing ages. For example, condition factors were calculated to be 0.852 for females and 0.832 for males in II. age; In IX. age, they were calculated to be 1.058 for females and 1.031 for males. According to the monthly variations, condition factor increases towards the spawning period. The reaching of sexual maturity is established as be tween ages IV-V and V-VI in males and females respectively in this population. Development of the gonads were found to be increasing during the spawning migration period. In the same period, egg numbers were counted to be between 400000-1600000 and egg diameters were measured to be between 511.09-622.34 fims. The highest meat productivity in the population is found to be in age VII. This productivity becomes important after IV. age, which also happens to be the sexual maturity age.61 VI-ÖZET Bu araştırmada, Bafa gölündeki Liza ramada populasyonunun biyolojisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye'de kefaller üzerine yapılmış araştırma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bir kaç biyo -ekolojik kökenli araştırmanın dışında, diğer araştırmalar taksonomik, diagnestik ve morfolojik incelemeler şeklindedir. Bafa gölünden sağlanan 360 adet Liza ramada örneğinden pullar alınarak yaş tayinleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, yaş tayininde otolit ve birinci dorsal yüzgeç ışınları denenmiş ise de pulların kullanılması tercih edilmiştir. Yakalanan örnekler I-X yaşları arasında dağılım göstermiştir. Populasyondaki dişilerin erkeklere oranı 1.35 olarak bulunmuştur. Populasyonda en kalabalık grupları IV -VII yaş arasındaki fertler oluşturmuştur. İncelenen örneklerde boy ve ağırlık değerleri sırasıyla 19.6-53.0 cm. ve 66-1225 gr, arasında dağılım göstermiştir. İlk yaşlarda cinsler arasında büyüme açısından önemli bir fark olmamasına karşın, üreme yaşma yaklaşıldıkça önemli bir fark oluşmuştur. Ağırlık açısından da cinsler arasındaki farkın büyük olmadığı gözlenmiştir. En fazla oransal boy ve ağırlık artışı II. yaşta, en az oransal boy artışı VIII. yaşta, oransal ağırlık artışı ise VII. yaşta meydana gelmiştir. İlk yaşlarda boy ve ağırlık artışının yüksek olmasına karşın, ileri yaşlarda bu oran azalmıştır.62 Kondüsyon faktörü açısından cinsler arasında önemli bir fark bulunamamıştır. Genelde yaş ilerledikçe kondüsyon faktöründe bir artış göze çarpmıştır, örneğin, II. yaşta dişi için 0.852, erkek için 0.832 olan kondüsyon faktörü IX. yaşta dişi için 1.058 ve erkek için 1.031 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aylık değişimlere göre, kondüsyon faktörünün üreme periyoduna yaklaşıldıkça arttığı gözlenmiştir. Bu populasyonda, erkeklerin IV -V, dişilerin V-VI yaşın da cinsel olgunluğa ulaştıkları saptanmıştır. Üreme göçü sırasında gonadların gelişmesinin oldukça hızlandığı gözlenmiştir. Göç periyodunda, yumurta sayıları 400000-1600000 adet olarak sayılmış ve yumurta çapları da 511.09-622.34 u olarak ölçülmüştür. Et verimi açısından, populasyonda en büyük verimliliği VII. yaş grubu oluşturmuştur. Bu verimlilik IV. yaştan sonra önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bu yaşın ise cinsel olgunlaşma yaşı ile aynı olduğu saptanmıştı

Crystal structure of catena-poly[[bis-(acetato-κO)copper(II)]-bis-[μ-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenol]-κ2N3:O;κ2O:N3].

In the title compound, [Cu(CH3COO)2(C9H8N2O)2] n , the CuII ion resides on a centre of inversion, displaying a tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral coordination environment defined by two pairs of N and O atoms of symmetry-related 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenol ligands and the O atoms of two symmetry-related acetate ligands. The bridging mode of the 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenol ligands is associated with a very long Cu⋯O inter-actions involving the phenol O atom of the heterocyclic ligand, which creates chains extending parallel to [100]. In the crystal, the chains are arranged in a distorted hexa-gonal rod packing and are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and by π-π stacking inter-actions involving centrosymmetrically related pairs of imidazole and phenol rings

Crystal structure of 4,4'-bipyridine-1,1'-diium naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate dihydrate

The title hydrated molecular organic salt, C10H10N22+C10H6O6S22-2H2O, crystallized with half a bipyridinium cation, half a naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate anion and a water molecule in the asymmetric unit. The whole cation and anion are generated by inversion symmetry, the inversion centers being at the center of the bridging C - C bond of the cation, and at the center of the fused C - C bond of the naphthalene group of the anion. In the crystal, the anions and cations stack alternately along the a axis with ?-? interactions [inter-centroid distance = 3.491 (1) Å]. The anions are linked via O - O(sulfonate) hydrogen bonds involving two inversion-related water molecules, forming chains along [10-1]. These chains are bridged by bifurcated N - (O,O) hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework structure. There are also C - O hydrogen bonds present, reinforcing the framework structure

Implementing of Transfer Learning Method in the Diagnosis of Skin Diseases with Convolutional Neural Networks

Dünya genelinde her yıl milyonlarca kişiye cilt kanseri tanısı konulmakta ve çok sayıda insan bu hastalıktan dolayı hayatını kaybetmektedir.Cilt hastalıklarında erken tanı önemlidir.Bu nedenle, Cilt hastalıklarının bilgisayar destekli makine öğrenmesi tabanlı algoritmalar kullanılarak yüksek doğrulukla tanımlanması çalışmaları önem kazanmıştır.Medikal görüntüler kullanılarak, cilt hastalıklarını hızlı ve yüksek doğrulukla tespit etmek için evrişimsel sinir ağları sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, HAM10000 veri setinin yüksek doğrulukla sınıflandırılması için transfer öğrenme kullanan bir yöntem önerilmiştir.ImageNet veri setiyle ön eğitilmiş modeller transfer edilerek, HAM10000 veri setinin sınıflandırılması için kullanılmıştır.Önerilen yöntemin etkinliğini karşılaştırmalı olarak göstermek için, Xception ve DenseNet201 evrişimsel sinir ağı modelleri ayrı ayrı kullanılmıştır.Veri setindeki görüntülerin sayısı gerçek zamanlı veri artırma yöntemi ile artırılmıştır.Yapılan çalışmada test doğruluğu, kesinlik,duyarlılık ve fl-skoru ölçütlerine göre, Xcepiton modelinde DenseNet201 modeline göre daha iyi sımıflandırma sonuçları elde edilmiştir.Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, Literatürdeki benzer çalışmalar ile kıyaslandığında daha yüksek başarımlar elde edildiği gözlemlenmiştir.Millions of people are diagnosed with skin cancer every year around the world, and many people die from this disease. Early diagnosis is important in skin diseases. For this reason, studies on identifying skin diseases with high accuracy using computer-assisted machine learning-based algorithms have gained importance. Convolutional neural networks are frequently used to detect skin diseases quickly and with high accuracy using medical images. In this study, a method using transfer learning is proposed to classify the HAM10000 dataset with high accuracy. Pre-trained models with the ImageNet dataset were transferred and used for classification of the HAM10000 dataset. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, Xception and DenseNet201 convolutional neural network models are used separately. In experimental studies, the number of images in the dataset was increased by real-time data augmentation method. In the study, better classification results were obtained in the Xcepiton model compared to the DenseNet201 model, according to the test accuracy, precision, sensitivity and fl-score criteria. It has been observed that higher performances are obtained when the results in this study are compared with similar studies in the literature

Crystal Structure Of {2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)Iminomethyl]-4,6-Dinitrophenolato-O,N,O '}Tris(3-Ethylpyridine-N)Nickel(II)

WoSScopu

Synthesis, crystal structure and spectroscopic studies of 2-{(E)-[2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl} phenol schiff base molecule

WOS: 000268300800012A new Schiff-base complex 2-{(E)-[2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, UV-VIS and IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray determination. The structure comprises two independent and similar molecules. The two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit are hydrogen bonded and have different conformations. In each molecule, C13H11NO2, adopt an E configuration about the azomethine C-N double bond. The complex crystallized in the triclinic space group P-1. Two benzene rings and azomethine group are practically coplanar, as a result of intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving the hydroxy O atom and azomethine N atom. Also hydroxy group of the molecule is the presence intermolecular O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds with the hydroxy group of the other molecule.University Research Fund [F. 279]The authors thank to acknowledge the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey, for use of the Stoe IPDS-2 diffractometer purchased under grant F. 279 of the University Research Fund

Synthesis of monosodium salts of N-(5-nitro-salicylidene)-D-amino acid Schiff bases and their iron(III) complexes: spectral and physical characterizations, antioxidant activities

WOS: 000357867600014Amino acid Schiff bases, [NaL]nH(2)O (L=N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)alaninate, N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)valinate, and N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)phenylalaninate), were synthesized as monosodium salts ((LNa)-Na-1-(LNa)-Na-3). The structures of the monosodium salts were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, UV-vis, FT-IR, and 2D NMR (HMQC) spectroscopies. (LNa)-Na-1 was also structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Hydrogen bond between the amino N(2)-H and phenolate O(1) of the salicylidene part of the molecule played important roles in stabilizing the zwitterion crystal structure. The ranges of the D-H...A angles and those of the H...A and D...A distances indicated the presence of short hydrogen bonds in the structure. In addition, the monosodium salts have been evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity. Iron(III) complexes ((LFe)-Fe-1-(LFe)-Fe-3) have been obtained by reaction of the appropriate ligand with iron(III) chloride in a 2:1M ratio. Fe(III) complexes were characterized by elemental and thermal analysis, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV-vis, FT-IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods.Research Foundation of Gazi University [F.E.F.05/2011-24]; State of Planning Organization [2010K120480]We are grateful to Research Foundation of Gazi University for supporting this study with the project F.E.F.05/2011-24. We are also thankful to Aksaray University Science and Technology Application and Research Center for the use of the Bruker SMART BREEZE CCD diffractometer (purchased under grant number 2010K120480 of the State of Planning Organization)