Pediatric Posttraumatic Cystic Bone Lesion

4-year-old girl presented to emergency department with left wrist pain after trauma. Radiographs demonstrated a torus fracture of the distal radius. At the third month following the trauma, a control radiograph is obtained. In the radiograph, a radiolucent lesion close to the former torus fracture site is noticed (Figure 2). Then, CT is performed for further examination (Figure 3). CT demonstrated cortical, well-circumscribed non-expansile subcentimeter lesion

Diltiazem Increases the Liver Regeneration in Rats by Inhibiting TGF-β1

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF- β1) is the most important inhibitory cytokine during the hepatic regeneration process. Diltiazem is a Ltype calcium channel blocker that has inhibitory effect on TGF- β1. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of diltiazem on hepatic regeneration. Sixty female Wistar Albino rats were used. Three groups were created; the control, low dose diltiazem and high dose diltiazem groups, each consisting of 20 rats. After partial liver resection (70% hepatectomy), saline was introduced to control group, 5 mg/kg diltiazem was introduced to low dose group and 15 mg/kg diltiazem to high dose group intraperitoneally. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed on the first postoperative day and the remaining rats on the fifth day. Liver weight, mitotic rate and the Ki-67 ratio were measured for determining hepatic regeneration. Liver regeneration rate on the fifth postoperative day was significantly higher both in the low dose and high dose diltiazem groups than the control group (Low diltiazem vs control: P<0.001; High diltiazem vs control: P<0.001). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the number of mitoses on the first and fifth days following partial hepatectomy (P>0.05). The Ki-67 ratio on the first postoperative day was significantly higher both in the low dose and high dose diltiazem groups than the control group (Low diltiazem vs control: P<0.001; High diltiazem vs control: P<0.001). Diltiazem increases liver regeneration by inhibiting TGF-β1

Apsces u mozgu belog west highland terijera izazvan bakterijom Trueperella pyogenes

Cerebral abscesses are occasionally seen in animals, however are rare in dogs. Among the pyogenic bacteria causing cerebral abscesses Trueperella pyogenes is relatively scarce. In this report, a case of T. pyogenes induced cerebral abscess in a West Highland White Terrier was presented with histopathological and bacteriological findings. Two foci of cerebral abscesses located at the level of the thalamus, and the frontal and temporal lobes were described on necropsy. Severe suppurative meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis were noted on microscopic view. T. pyogenes was isolated and identified in bacteriological investigation. This report states that T. pyogenes can be a causative agent of cerebral abscesses in dogs.Cerebralni apscesi se povremeno nalaze kod životinja, međutim retko se sreću kod pasa. Pored ostalih piogenih bakterija koje izazivaju cerebralne apscese, relativno retko se nalazi Trueperella pyogenes vrsta. U radu je prikazan slučaj cerebranog apscesa kod belog West Highland terijera, izazvan sa Trueperella pyogenes, zajedno sa histopatološkim i bakteriološkim nalazima. Prilikom obdukcije, opisana su dva fokusa cerebralnih apscesa, locirana na nivou talamusa uz opis frontalnih i tempralnih lobusa. Prilikom mikroskopskog pregleda, uočeni su težak gnojni meningoencefalitis i ventrikulitis. Bakteriološkim pregledom, identifi kovan je Trueperella pyogenes. Ovaj izveštaj ukazuje da Trueperella pyogenes može da bude etiološki faktor cerebralnih apscesa kod pasa

Diprosopus, craniorachischisis, arthrogryposis, and other associated anomalies in a stillborn lamb

Congenital malformations with multiple anomalies have been described infrequently in the veterinary literature. A stillborn male crossbred lamb with diprosopus, craniorachischisis, and arthrogryposis was examined macroscopically and histopathologically in this study. The left head was smaller than the right head. Micrencephaly, agnathia, and a rudimentary tongue, which was adherent to the palate, were present in the left head. Micrencephaly, brachygnathia superior, and cleft palate were present in the right head. Cerebellar agenesis and spinal cord hypoplasia were observed. The cerebrums and the spinal cord were covered with a tapering membranous structure. Neural and dermal tissues were noted to intervene upon microscopic examination of this structure. Disorganization of neurons was observed in both cerebrums, though it was more severe in the left one. This case demonstrates many congenital defects occurring together in a lamb

Optical and structural modification of boron-doped CoGa2O4 particles

We mainly focused on synthesis of boron doped cobalt gallium oxide (B doped CoGa2O4) nanoparticles. In the study, varied amount of B doped CoGa2O4 nanopowders were produced employing Sol-Gel technique. The structural characterizations of the particles were performed using x-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Rietveld refinements were utilized to investigate B atom replacement and thus, the changes in lattice parameters. Furthermore, the reflectance and absorbance performances were measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer in order to determine electronic energy level configurations through the band gap. The relationship between crystal structural and formation of electronic energy levels was also investigated according to the locations of substituted B atoms

Bıldırcınlarda bakır ile oluşturulan karaciğer toksikasyonunda nitrozatif doku hasarının immunohistokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırılması

Bakırın fazlası çeşitli türlerde karaciğer toksikasyonuna neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, bıldırcınlarda deneysel kronik bakır toksikasyonunda, karaciğerde oluşan nitrozatif doku hasarı ve apoptotik hücre ölümü immunohistopatolojik metodlarla incelendi. Her birinde 10 adet bir günlük bıldırcın bulunan kontrol, 1, 2 ve 3. gruplar, 6 hafta süre ile sırasıyla 0, 100, 250 ve 500 ppm düzeylerinde bakır sülfat içeren yemle beslendiler. Beslenme dönemi sonrasında, hayvanlara ötanazi uygulanarak karaciğerleri alındı ve histopatolojik yöntemler için rutin şekilde işlendi. İndüklenebilir nitrik oksit sentaz (iNOS) ve nitrotirozin için indirekt avidin-biotin peroksidaz yöntemi uygulandı. Apoptotik hücre ölümü in situ TUNEL boyama yöntemi uygulanarak araştırıldı. Mikroskobik düzeyde karaciğerde sadece 2. grupta hafif, 3. grupta orta derecede dejeneratif değişiklikler tespit edildi. İmmunohistokimyasal boyamalarda her iki antikor için de kontrol grubunda hafif derecede immun tepkime tespit edildi. Artan bakır konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak immun tepkimelerde artma gözlendi. Sadece 3. grupta ve az sayıda olmak üzere apoptotik hepatositler mevcuttu. Elde edilen bu bulgular, bakır ile oluşturulan karaciğer toksikasyonunda, nitrik oksitin oksidatif doku hasarında rol oynadığını göstermektedir.Excess copper may cause liver toxicosis in various species. In this study, nitrosative tissue damage was investigated in an experimental chronic copper toxicity model in Japanese quails by immuno-histopathological means. Four groups (control, 1st, 2nd and 3rd), each comprised of 10 one-day-old chicks, were fed for 6 weeks with rations containing none, 100, 250 and 500 ppm copper sulfate, respectively. At the end of the feeding period, animals were euthanized, liver tissues were collected and processed routinely for histopathologic applications. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine antibodies with indirect avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. Apoptotic cell death was investigated with in situ TUNEL staining. Microscopically, there were only mild and moderate degenerative changes in the liver of the chicks of 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively. In immunohistochemical staining, little immunoreactivity was detected in the control group for both antibodies. Immunoreactivities were gradually stronger with the increasing copper concentration. A few apoptotic hepatocytes were present only in the 3rd group. These findings suggest that nitric oxide play a role in the oxidative tissue damage of copper induced liver toxicity

Bıldırcınlarda bakır ile oluşturulan karaciğer toksikasyonunda nitrozatif doku hasarının immunohistokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırılması

Bakırın fazlası çeşitli türlerde karaciğer toksikasyonuna neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, bıldırcınlarda deneysel kronik bakır toksikasyonunda, karaciğerde oluşan nitrozatif doku hasarı ve apoptotik hücre ölümü immunohistopatolojik metodlarla incelendi. Her birinde 10 adet bir günlük bıldırcın bulunan kontrol, 1, 2 ve 3. gruplar, 6 hafta süre ile sırasıyla 0, 100, 250 ve 500 ppm düzeylerinde bakır sülfat içeren yemle beslendiler. Beslenme dönemi sonrasında, hayvanlara ötanazi uygulanarak karaciğerleri alındı ve histopatolojik yöntemler için rutin şekilde işlendi. İndüklenebilir nitrik oksit sentaz (iNOS) ve nitrotirozin için indirekt avidin-biotin peroksidaz yöntemi uygulandı. Apoptotik hücre ölümü in situ TUNEL boyama yöntemi uygulanarak araştırıldı. Mikroskobik düzeyde karaciğerde sadece 2. grupta hafif, 3. grupta orta derecede dejeneratif değişiklikler tespit edildi. İmmunohistokimyasal boyamalarda her iki antikor için de kontrol grubunda hafif derecede immun tepkime tespit edildi. Artan bakır konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak immun tepkimelerde artma gözlendi. Sadece 3. grupta ve az sayıda olmak üzere apoptotik hepatositler mevcuttu. Elde edilen bu bulgular, bakır ile oluşturulan karaciğer toksikasyonunda, nitrik oksitin oksidatif doku hasarında rol oynadığını göstermektedir.Excess copper may cause liver toxicosis in various species. In this study, nitrosative tissue damage was investigated in an experimental chronic copper toxicity model in Japanese quails by immuno-histopathological means. Four groups (control, 1st, 2nd and 3rd), each comprised of 10 one-day-old chicks, were fed for 6 weeks with rations containing none, 100, 250 and 500 ppm copper sulfate, respectively. At the end of the feeding period, animals were euthanized, liver tissues were collected and processed routinely for histopathologic applications. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine antibodies with indirect avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. Apoptotic cell death was investigated with in situ TUNEL staining. Microscopically, there were only mild and moderate degenerative changes in the liver of the chicks of 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively. In immunohistochemical staining, little immunoreactivity was detected in the control group for both antibodies. Immunoreactivities were gradually stronger with the increasing copper concentration. A few apoptotic hepatocytes were present only in the 3rd group. These findings suggest that nitric oxide play a role in the oxidative tissue damage of copper induced liver toxicity

Effects of different doses of <em>Prunus laurocerasus</em> L. leaf extract on oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia induced by type I diabetes

430-436The fruits and leaves of the Prunus laurocerasus (PL) plant are used in traditional medicine for many purposes because of their anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to determine the anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of PL leaf extract on experimental type I diabetes. Different doses PL extracts were administered orally for 25 days to rats. Biochemical and immune histochemical analyses were performed at the end of the study. Antioxidant test results showed that the PL had a very high antioxidant capacity. The study also revealed that different doses of PL increased SOD (p < 0.001) and GSH (p < 0.05 in PL500 group) levels but decreased TBARS (p < 0.001) levels in the kidney tissue. Significant increases were noted in the SOD levels of liver tissue (p < 0.01). In addition, HDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.05) significantly increased while LDL (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively) and TG levels (p < 0.05 in PL1000 and PL1500 groups) decreased when the PL groups were compared with the DC group. Eventually, the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of PL were not determined. However, PL was found to be highly effective in reducing oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemia. Based on the current study, PL leaf extract may be useful in preventing hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and oxidative stress, which are chronic complications of diabetes

Dual mesh repair for a large diaphragmatic hernia defect: An unusual case report

Introduction: Diaphragmatic hernia secondary to traumatic rupture is a rare entity which can occur after stab wound injuries or blunt abdominal traumas. We aimed to report successfully management of dual mesh repair for a large diaphragmatic defect. Case report: A 66-year-old male was admitted with a right sided diaphragmatic hernia which occurred ten years ago due to a traffic accident. He had abdominal pain with worsened breath. Chest X-ray showed an elevated right diaphragm. Further, thoraco-abdominal computerized tomography detected herniation a part of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, and omentum to the right hemi-thorax. It was decided to diaphragmatic hernia repair. After an extended right subcostal laparotomy, a giant right sided diaphragmatic defect measuring 25 × 15 cm was found in which the liver, gallbladder, stomach and omentum were herniated. The abdominal organs were reducted to their normal anatomic position and a dual mesh graft was laid to close the diaphragmatic defect. Patients’ postoperative course was uneventful. Discussion: Diaphragmatic hernia secondary to trauma is more common on the left side of the diaphragm (left/right = 3/1). A right sided diaphragmatic hernia including liver, stomach, gallbladder and omentum is extremely rare. The main treatment of diaphragmatic hernias is primary repair after reduction of the herniated organs to their anatomical position. However, in the existence of a large hernia defect where primary repair is not possible, a dual mesh should be considered. Conclusion: A dual mesh repair can be used successfully in extensive large diaphragmatic hernia defects when primary closure could not be achieved