Synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation kinetics of a new pyrazole derived methacrylate polymer, poly(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl methacrylate)

A new pyrazole derived methacrylate monomer, 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl methacrylate, was synthesized from the reaction of 1,3-diphenyl-5-pyrazolone with methacryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. After that, its homopolymerization was carried out by free radical polymerization method at 60 °C initiated with benzoyl peroxide. Spectral characterizations were achieved by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. The kinetics of thermal degradation of the new polymer, poly(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl methacrylate), poly(DFPMA), were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates. The initial decomposition temperature of the polymer changed from 216.3 °C to 243.5 °C depending on the increasing heating rate. The thermal decomposition activation energies in a conversion range of 7–19% were 79.45 kJ/mol and 81.56 kJ/mol by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger methods, respectively. Thermodegradation mechanism of the poly(DFPMA) were investigated in detail by using different kinetic methods available in the literature such as Coats-Redfern, Tang, Madhusudanan and Van Krevelen. Among all these methods, the best result was obtained for Coats-Redfern method (E =90.93 kJ/mol) at the optimum heating rate of 15 °C/min for D1 mechanism. That means the thermodegradation mechanism of poly(DFPMA) proceeds over a one-dimensional diffusion type deceleration mechanism

Thermal degradation kinetics of a novel pyrazole based copolymer [poly(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl methacrylate-co-styrene)]

Mevcut çalışmada, pirazol sübstitüe gruplu 1,3-difenil-1H-pirazol-5-il metakrilat (DPMA) ve stiren (St) birimlerini içeren yeni bir kopolimer [poli(DPMA-ko-St)] sentezlenmiş ve kopolimer sisteminin termal bozunma kinetiği termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) tekniği ile detaylıca araştırılmıştır. Isıtma hızındaki değişime bağlı olarak (5 °C/dak – 20 °C/dak) kopolimerin termal stabilitesinde 252,02 °C'den 274,89 °C'ye bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Kopolimerin termal bozunma aktivasyon enerjileri, %9 - %21 dönüşüm aralığında, Kissinger ve Flynn-Wall-Ozawa yöntemleri ile sırasıyla 149,37 kJ/mol ve 140,99 kJ/mol olarak sonuçlanmıştır. Coats-Redfern, Tang, Madhusudanan ve Van Krevelen gibi farklı kinetik metotlar ışığında kopolimerin termal bozunma mekanizması incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar kopolimerin termal bozunma mekanizmasının özellikle Coats-Redfern metoduna göre 20 °C/dak optimum ısıtma hızında tek boyutlu difüzyon tipi bir yavaşlama mekanizması yani D1 mekanizması üzerinden ilerlediğini göstermiştir.In the present study, a new copolymer containing pyrazole substituted 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl methacrylate (DPMA) and styrene (St) units, [poly(DPMA-co-St)], was synthesized. Thermal degradation kinetics of the copolymer system was investigated in detail with the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. An increase in the thermal stability of the copolymer from 252.02 °C to 274.89 °C was observed depending on the change in heating rate (5 °C/min – 20 °C/min). The thermal degradation activation energies of the copolymer were 149.37 kJ/mol and 140.99 kJ/mol, respectively, with the Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods in the conversion range of 9% - 21%. The thermal degradation mechanism of the copolymer was investigated in the light of different kinetic methods such as Coats-Redfern, Tang, Madhusudanan, Van-Krevelen and Horowitz-Metzger. The results showed that the thermal decomposition mechanism of the copolymer proceeds through a one-dimensional diffusion-type deceleration mechanism, namely the D1 mechanism, at the optimum heating rate of 20 °C/min, especially according to the Coats-Redfern method

An incidental detection of aortic aneurysm on Tc-99m MAG3 renal scintigraphy

A 71-year-old man with newly diagnosed hypertension was referred for Technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99mMAG3) renal scintigraphy to evaluate the recent onset of impairmentin renal functions. Dynamic imaging revealed activity flowwhich was suspicious for aortic aneurysm (AA) with a concurrent decrease in left renal blood flow. CT angiography of the thoracoabdominal aorta confirmed that this area corresponded to AA. The purpose of this report was to present the first case of incidental detection of AA on Tc-99m MAG3 scintigraphy and highlight the importance of correlative imaging for thediagnosis of abnormal radioactivity accumulation in the regionof vascular structures

The Levels of Depression and Anxiety Among Undergraduatestudents At Firat University Faculty of Medicine

DergiPark: 379031tmsjAims: The purpose of this study is to measure and assess the depression and anxiety levels among the students at Fırat University Faculty of Medicine. Methods: This questionnaire study was performed on the students at Fırat University Faculty of Medicine between December 2014 and May 2015. It was carried out on a number of 299 undergraduate students under supervision. In this study, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used. In statistical analyses, chi-square and independent t tests were applied for categorical and continuous data, respectively, with p lt; 0.05 being considered as significant. Results: Among those who were enrolled in the study, 25.5% were at the 1 graders, 12.4% were at the 2graders, 16.4% were at the 3rd graders, 18.1% were at the 4th graders, 18.1% were at the 5th graders and 9.4% were at the 6th graders. 6th graders showed significantly lower mean scores for Beck depression inventory as compared to 1st and 5th graders (p=0.007 and p=0.015, respectively). 1st graders had significantly the highest mean score of Beck anxiety among others (p=0.016, p=0.001, p lt;0.001, p=0.031 and p lt;0.001 respectively). 81.6% of undergraduate students reported to have been studying at the faculty of medicine by voluntarily. This ratio was 85% for female, and 77.7% for male subjects with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.104). 54.4% of female and 41.7% of male subjects were living with their family (p=0.026). Among all the undergraduate students enrolled in this study, 11.4% failed the class at least once during their academic calendar. However, this ratio was significantly less among female subjects (6.2% vs. 17.3%, p=0.003). Conclusion: No significant difference was found between those with and without failure at class, those coming up voluntarily and involuntarily, and those living with and without their parents in terms of Beck A and D score

Evaluation of both expression and serum protein levels of caspase-8 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 genes in patients with different severities of COVID-19 infection

Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of caspase-8 (CASP8) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) gene expression levels and their products on preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods: A total of 40 patients (men, 15 [37.5%]; women, 25 [62.5%]) with COVID-19 infection were included in the current study. The patients were divided into four main groups based on disease severity: mild (n = 7), moderate (n = 10), severe (n = 14), and critical (n = 9). Individuals aged < 18 years and pregnant women were excluded. Patients were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system (WHO/2019-nCoV/clinical/2021.1). Results: Considering all groups, statistically significant differences were detected among all groups for both CASP82−ΔΔCt (p = 0.006) and MAPK1 2−ΔΔCt values (p = 0.015). Moreover, statistically significant differences were detected between mild and moderate (p = 0.013), moderate and critical (p = 0.018), and severe and critical (p = 0.023) groups for lymphocytes. Conclusion: The CASP8/MAPK1 expression levels and/or its products are essential in preventing injury caused by COVID-19 infection. They play crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and viability. Furthermore, CASP8/MAPK1 levels can provide information about disease severity

Value of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Pretreatment in Experimental Sepsis Model in Rats

Background and Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the changes of endothelin-1 (ET-1) level, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) alpha, and oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in experimental sepsis model in rats. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: sham (group 1), sepsis (group 2), and sepsis + CAPE (group 3), n = 8 each. CAPE was administered (10 mu mol/kg) intraperitoneally to group 3 before sepsis induction. Serum ET-1, serum TNF-alpha, tissue SOD activity, and tissue MDA levels were measured in all groups. Results. Pretreatment with CAPE decreased ET-1, TNFalpha, and MDA levels in sepsis induced rats. Additionally SOD activities were higher in rats pretreated with CAPE after sepsis induction. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that CAPE may have a beneficial effect on ET and TNF-alpha levels and oxidative stress parameters induced by sepsis in experimental rat models. Therefore treatment with CAPE can be used to avoid devastating effects of sepsis

Can Tc-99m labeled erythrocyte scintigraphy be an alternative non-invasive method to endometriosis diagnosis?

Background: Endometriosis is defined as the implantation of endometrial gland and stroma ectopically outside the uterus. Clinically, it is a hormone dependent benign disease accompanied by pelvic pain and infertility. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the activated implants with 99m-Tc labeled erythrocyte scintigraphy (99mTc-RBCs) in patients with recurrent endometriosis and compare the results with pelvic MRI results.Methods: Patients who were diagnosed histopathologically as endometriosis either with operation and / or therapeutic laparascopy or laparotomy and, were included to present study. Thirty patients, who were diagnosed as recurrence by clinical, and laboratory terms and 10 healthy volunteer (control group) patients were included in the study. Between the second and fifth days of menstruation when the endometriotic lesions were highly activated, radionuclide imaging was performed by 99mTc-RBCs and compared with pelvic MRI findings.Results: In 27 patients out of 30 patients (90%) pathological accumulation of radioactivity foci with 99mTc-RBCs were present. The focal pathological accumulation was significant in 26 patients and moderate in 1 patient. In 22 patients (81.5%) the increased radioactivity accumulation in radionuclide images was concordant with MRI images. Regarding the MRI as reference, the sensitivity of 99mTc-RBCs was determined as 96%, specificity 29%, positive predicitive value 81% and negative predictive value was 66%.Conclusions: Imaging of endometriosis regions with 99m-Tc-RBCs can be an alternative diagnostic procedure for the patients with recurrent endometriosis

Thyroid fine needle aspiration reporting rates and outcomes before and after Bethesda implementation: A single-center experience over 8 years

Aimː To evaluate data from our hospital system before and after the implementation of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) and comparison of our data with the previously published studies. Methods: Seven hundred seventy-one patients with thyroid nodules who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and surgery at our institution were analyzed retrospectively. FNAB results&nbsp;were divided into two parts in terms of the period they related to: pre-TBSRTC (between 2005 and 2010) and TBSRTC (between 2011 and 2013). Results: 341 FNAB were applied&nbsp;in the period of TBSRTC. Of the 341 FNAB, 53(16%) were non diagnostic, 82(24%) were benign, 62(18%) were atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 28(8%) were follicular neoplasms and/or suspicion of follicular neoplasms (FN/SFN), 95(28%) were suspicion for malignancy (SuspM), and 21(6%) were malignant. Rates of malignancy reported on follow-up histopathological examination were non diagnostic in 11%, benign in 4.9%, AUS/FLUS in 23%, FN/SFN in 32%, SuspM in 44%, and malignant in 95.3%. Conclusions: In this study, the distribution of cases in TBSRTC categories and malignancy rates, differed from, recommended by TBSRTC and some studies. Implementation of TBSRTC did significantly affect our institution’s reporting rates

Value of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Pretreatment in Experimental Sepsis Model in Rats

Background and Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the changes of endothelin-1 (ET-1) level, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) alpha, and oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in experimental sepsis model in rats. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: sham (group 1), sepsis (group 2), and sepsis + CAPE (group 3), n = 8 each. CAPE was administered (10 µmol/kg) intraperitoneally to group 3 before sepsis induction. Serum ET-1, serum TNF-alpha, tissue SOD activity, and tissue MDA levels were measured in all groups. Results. Pretreatment with CAPE decreased ET-1, TNF-alpha, and MDA levels in sepsis induced rats. Additionally SOD activities were higher in rats pretreated with CAPE after sepsis induction. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that CAPE may have a beneficial effect on ET and TNF-alpha levels and oxidative stress parameters induced by sepsis in experimental rat models. Therefore treatment with CAPE can be used to avoid devastating effects of sepsis

Mortality Related Risk Factors in High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism in the ICU

Introduction. We sought to identify possible risk factors associated with mortality in patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients and Methods. PE patients, diagnosed with computer tomography pulmonary angiography, were included from two ICUs and were categorized into groups: group 1 high-risk patients and group 2 intermediate/low-risk patients. Results. Fifty-six patients were included. Of them, 41 (73.2%) were group 1 and 15 (26.7%) were group 2. When compared to group 2, need for vasopressor therapy (0 vs 68.3%; p18 (OR 42.47 95% CI 1.50–1201.1), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 30.10 95% CI 1.96–463.31), and thrombolytic therapy (OR 0.03 95% CI 0.01–0.98) were found as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion. In high-risk PE, admission APACHE II score and need for invasive mechanical ventilation may predict death in ICU. Thrombolytic therapy seems to be beneficial in these patients