Value of ultrasonography as a marker of early response to abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: results from the APPRAISE study

Objectives: To study the responsiveness of a combined power Doppler and greyscale ultrasound (PDUS) score for assessing synovitis in biologic-naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) starting abatacept plus methotrexate (MTX). Methods: In this open-label, multicentre, single-arm study, patients with RA (MTX inadequate responders) received intravenous abatacept (∼10 mg/kg) plus MTX for 24 weeks. A composite PDUS synovitis score, developed by the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology–European League Against Rheumatism (OMERACT–EULAR)-Ultrasound Task Force, was used to evaluate individual joints. The maximal score of each joint was added into a Global OMERACT–EULAR Synovitis Score (GLOESS) for bilateral metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPs) 2–5 (primary objective). The value of GLOESS containing other joint sets was explored, along with clinical efficacy. Results: Eighty-nine patients completed the 24-week treatment period. The earliest PDUS sign of improvement in synovitis was at week 1 (mean change in GLOESS (MCPs 2–5): −0.7 (95% CIs −1.2 to −0.1)), with continuous improvement to week 24. Early improvement was observed in the component scores (power Doppler signal at week 1, synovial hyperplasia at week 2, joint effusion at week 4). Comparable changes were observed for 22 paired joints and minimal joint subsets. Mean Disease Activity Score 28 (C reactive protein) was significantly reduced from weeks 1 to 24, reaching clinical meaningful improvement (change ≥1.2) at week 8. Conclusions: In this first international prospective study, the composite PDUS score is responsive to abatacept. GLOESS demonstrated the rapid onset of action of abatacept, regardless of the number of joints examined. Ultrasound is an objective tool to monitor patients with RA under treatment. Trial registration number: NCT00767325

Essai sur le rapport éventuel entre « révolution agricole » et utilisation du cheval de labour

The essential feature in Ancien Regime rural France is the specialization between grain-growing countries and cattle-breeding countries. The former rely on the horse to provide them with traction power, the latter rely on the ox. Since the XVIIIth century at the latest, this difference has been the object of a qualitative assessment : the horse is associated with large scale tilling and thus regarded as a symbol of advancement infarming. However, one cannot argue that the use of the horse constitutes the necessary corollary of advancement in farming techniques : the north has used horses long before the agricultural revolution and in the south the horse is introduced far after. In fact there are several types of horse-breeding that proceed from a progressive evolution and specialization. At the « origins », horse-breeding was a « wild breeding », carried out on waste land. In the XIXth century, draught-horses from certain regions will acquire some notoriety. The breeding of horse will then organize itself in breeding regions (with mares and foals) and regions of usage. Over the XIXth and XXth centuries, the « nags » will be replaced by draught-horses born in breeding regions.Ce qui est essentiel dans la France agricole d'Ancien Régime, c'est la spécialisation entre pays de grains et pays d'élevage. Les premiers utilisent la force de travail du cheval, les seconds celle du bœuf. Depuis le XVIIIe siècle au moins, cette différence fait l'objet d'une appréciation qualitative : le cheval est associé à la « grande culture » donc regardé comme symbole du progrès agricole. Cependant ; on ne peut pas dire que l'utilisation du cheval constitue le corollaire nécessaire des progrès en agriculture : le nord utilise des chevaux longtemps avant la Révolution agricole et le sud longtemps après. Il existe en fait plusieurs type d'élevage du cheval qui procèdent d'une évolution et d'une spécialisation progressives. « À l'origine », l'élevage du cheval était un « élevage sauvage » fait sur les terres incultes. Au XIXe siècle, les chevaux de trait de certaines régions vont acquérir une certaine notoriété. L'élevage du cheval s'organise alors en régions naisseuses (peuplées de juments et de poulains), et régions utilisatrices. Au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles, les bidets vont être remplacés par des chevaux de trait issus des pays naisseurs.Mulliez Jacques. Essai sur le rapport éventuel entre « révolution agricole » et utilisation du cheval de labour. In: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest. Tome 106, numéro 1, 1999. pp. 87-99

Du blé, « mal nécessaire ». Réflexions sur les progrès de l'agriculture de 1750 à 1850

Mulliez Jacques. Du blé, « mal nécessaire ». Réflexions sur les progrès de l'agriculture de 1750 à 1850. In: Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, tome 26 N°1, Janvier-mars 1979. pp. 3-47

Delphes

Bommelear Jean-François, Mulliez Dominique, Oulhen Jacques. Delphes. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 125, livraison 2, 2001. pp. 581-586

Thasos

Des Courtils Jacques, Muller Arthur, Mulliez Dominique, Jacquemin Anne, Kozelj Tony. Thasos. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 106, livraison 2, 1982. pp. 653-677

Thasos

Maffre Jean-Jacques, Perreault Jacques-Y, Blondé Francine, Muller Arthur, Mulliez Dominique, Des Courtils Jacques, Pariente Anne, Brunet Michèle. Thasos. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 110, livraison 2, 1986. pp. 790-812

Thasos

Maffre Jean-Jacques, Queyrel Anne, Blondé Francine, Muller Arthur, Mulliez Dominique, Des Courtils Jacques, Garlan Yvon. Thasos. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 108, livraison 2, 1984. pp. 869-880

Thasos

Blondé Francine, Muller Arthur, Mulliez Dominique, Des Courtils Jacques, Pariente Anne, Garlan Yvon. Thasos. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 109, livraison 2, 1985. pp. 874-885

L'État et la rénovation de l'agriculture au XVIIIe siècle / par Guy Ferry et Jacques Mulliez ; préface de Robert Besnier

Collection : Travaux et recherches de la Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques de Paris ; 22Contient une table des matièresAvec mode text

Contribution of local field potential to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease

International audienceIntroduction: The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the main target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease. We analyzed the relationships between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy and electrophysiology (local field potential, LFP) done during surgery.Objectives: We hypothesized that the contribution of LFP to neuronal firing rate with detailed MRI anatomy should allow to explore finely anatomo-electrophysiological relationships and also to determine precisely functional surgical targets.Methods:Ten patients with Parkinson’s disease (5F; mean age: 62±4 years; 11±3 years disease duration) underwent bilateral STN DBS surgical procedure.Electrophysiology: 693 LFP recordings in MRI-outlined anatomical structures (Thalamus [Thal], Zona Incerta [ZI], Forel Field [Forel] and STN) were analyzed: Power spectral densities (PSD) from 0 to 100Hz; 1024 frequency values; Normalization: percent of total PSD; Calculation for delta (0-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (7-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), gamma (30-50 Hz, 50-100 Hz) frequency range. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests were performed followed by pairwise comparisons with adjusted p-value.Results: Percentage of power spectral density for main physiological LFP frequency range was considered for thalamus, ZI, STN and Forel (Figure).Conclusions: This study suggests the interest of LFP to discriminate between structures in the subthalamic region using exploration electrode with patient at rest during DBS surgery. Another part of this study will consist in correlating extracellular neuronal activity and LFP, and analyzing modulations on LFP during voluntary movements of patients