Sensitivity of middle Miocene climate and regional monsoon to palaeo-altimetry

It is well-known that plate motions and the elevation of mountains belts have played a major role in palaeoclimate evolution. The present day monsoon in southeast Asia and northern Australia is associated with the Tibetan plateau. We investigate how the Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO) developed in response to altimetry changes in Eurasia and South America impacting changes in regional monsoon, wind stress and precipitation. We carried out a number of numerical experiments with alternative paleo-altimetries, using an updated NCAR coupled climate model, CCSM3, and CAM3.1 and CLM3 with slab ocean and ice models, validated with proxies. Our model results explore the sensitivities of regional climate change to plate motions and rising mountain belts as well as sea-level change. Especially, the model simulations ground-truth the monsoon evolution in the southeast Asia, northern Australia and South America

FTAs\u27 Contribution Towards a More Flexible Copyright Space: Possibilities and Limits

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have often been considered instruments for heightened intellectual property rights protection, thereby in detriment of a more flexible copyright space. However, since the adoption of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, some FTAs have been incorporating a clause on the “Balance in Copyright and Related Rights Systems.” Among these, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement and, more recently, the 2021 Australia-U.K. FTA contain such a clause. In addition, more discrete FTAs, such as the AustraliaPeru FTA, also incorporate similar provisions. This article considers what incorporating such clauses in FTAs means for the interpretation of the three-step test embedded in Article 13 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), which is key for enabling a more flexible copyright space. This article seeks to understand whether FTAs’ clauses on “Balance in Copyright and Related Rights Systems” can support a more flexible interpretation of the three-step test in the context of the World Trade Organization dispute settlement system

Quebramar : navigating through unchartered seas : designing a development strategy in Brazil

International expansion has become a way to ensure companies’ growth, particularly within the fashion industry. Its competitive nature and its importance in conveying status, style and personal expression allied to the convergence of international fashion trends explain this urge for companies to tap the international arena. Quebramar is a recognized lifestyle fashion brand that has forged a fruitful legacy in the Portuguese market for clothes with a nautical casual look. However, after a restructure of ownership embodied in a strategic alliance with Lanidor Group, Quebramar believes that the time for building a global brand has come. Despite being present in some foreign markets, its overseas’ operations have no expression. Quebramar intends to address this situation by tapping fast growing markets with an increasing purchasing power that can be seduced by an unknown foreign brand. The present case study provides an overview of Quebramar along with a brief summary of the Brazilian retail landscape with a special focus on the apparel retail industry. Therefore, this dissertation proposes to assess not only the inherent motivations behind Quebramar’s internationalization decision to expand to Brazil but also its viability. Consequently, to identify possible drawbacks, trends and opportunities, a strategic analysis of the Brazilian market was conducted. Moreover, the main purpose of this thesis is to define and identify the best positioning approach in the foreign country, with a special emphasis on the adaptation of certain elements of its marketing mix strategy.A expansão internacional tem-se constituído como um meio para assegurar o crescimento das empresas, particularmente no sector da moda. A necessidade de esta indústria estar presente na arena internacional é explicada não apenas pela sua natureza competitiva e convergência de tendências mas, também, pela importância do seu papel enquanto veículo de comunicação de estatuto, estilo e expressão pessoal. A Quebramar é uma marca de "lifestyle" que criou um sólido legado no mercado português de vestuário casual. Contudo, só após uma reestruturação da sua estrutura acionista, que se traduziu numa parceria com o Grupo Lanidor, é que a Quebramar considera ter chegado o momento de construir uma marca global. Apesar de possuir operações em mercados estrangeiros, estas não têm tido expressão. Pretendendo alterar esta situação, a Quebramar tenciona estar presente em mercados de rápido crescimento, que possuam um crescente poder de compra e que estejam preparados para se deixar seduzir por uma marca estrangeira desconhecida. Este caso pretende fornecer uma perspectiva geral sobre a Quebramar, bem como um breve resumo do panorama do mercado brasileiro do retalho, com especial ênfase na indústria de vestuário. Consequentemente, esta dissertação propõe expor, não apenas as motivações inerentes à decisão de internacionalização para o Brasil mas, também, a sua exequibilidade. Deste modo, para identificar possíveis inconvenientes, tendências e oportunidades, foi realizada uma análise estratégica ao mercado. Mais ainda, esta dissertação propõe-se a definir o melhor posicionamento para a marca no Brasil, com um especial enfoque na adaptação de determinados elementos da estratégia de marketing mix

Horse Feeding and Management

Horses perform variety of roles in our society, serving people in several ways. Proper nutrition and feeding management are some of the main objectives to ensure the well-being and performance of horses. Thus, the link between equine health and good dietary treatment must be recognized to increase our understanding of the needs of the horse. It is important to ensure science-based knowledge is available to all stakeholders and people working in the horse industry. This book presents research papers published in the Special Issue of Animals entitled ‘Horse Nutrition and Management’

Supplementary Studies On Anacanthorus Penilabiatus And Mymarothecium Viatorum (monogenea: Dactylogyridae) From Piaractus Mesopotamicus (characiformes: Serrasalmidae) In Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The dactylogyrid monogeneans Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Boeger, Husak and Martins, 1995) and Mymarothecium viatorum (Boeger, Piasecki and Sobecka, 2002), commonly found in large quantities in farmed Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) in Brazil, were collected from three fish farms located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Morphological and molecular identification, scanning electron microscopy, histopathological and descriptive parameters data were performed. A total of 278 specimens of P. mesopotamicus were gathered from February 2008 and July 2010. Prevalence (P) and mean intensity of infection (MII) data was taken at each location. The data showed prevalence and mean intensity of infection annually, with numbers such as P = 91.2% and MII = 50 worms/fish (Pirassununga), P = 60% and MII = 39.2 worms/fish (Mogi Mirim), and P = 100% and MII = 204.8 worms/fish (Itapira). Histopathological results showed hyperplasia of the secondary lamellae, and hypersecretion of mucus was also observed. A phylogenetic topology was inferred using complete SSU (18S) ribosomal rDNA, positioning Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Mymarothecium viatorum among other monopisthocotyleans available in GenBank.613508515CAPES agencyCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Exercise Ameliorates Endocrine Pancreas Damage Induced by Chronic Cola Drinking in Rats

Purpose: This study evaluates whether the daily practice of an exercise routine might protect from endocrine pancreas damage in cola drinking rats. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups depending on a) beverage consumption ad libitum, water (W) or cola beverage (C), and b) physical activity, sedentary (S) or treadmill running (R). Accordingly, 4 groups were studied: WS (water sedentary), WR (water runner), CS (cola sedentary) and CR (cola runner). Body weight, nutritional data, plasma levels of glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol and cholesterol fractions, and triglycerides (enzymocolorimetry), and systolic blood pressure (plethysmography) were measured. After 6 months, euthanasia was performed (overdose sodium thiopental). Pancreatic tissue was immediately excised and conventionally processed for morphometrical and immunohistochemical determinations. Results: The effects of running and chronic cola drinking on pancreas morphology showed interaction (p<0.001) rather than simple summation. Cola drinking (CS vs WS) reduced median pancreatic islet area (-30%, 1.8 104 μm2 vs 2.58 104 μm2, p<0.0001) and median β-cell mass (-43%, 3.81 mg vs 6.73 mg, p<0.0001), and increased median α/β ratio (+49%, 0.64 vs 0.43, p< 0.001). In water drinking rats (WR vs WS), running reduced median α-cell mass (-48%, 1.48 mg vs 2.82 mg, p<0.001) and α/β ratio (-56%, 0.19 vs 0.43, p<0.0001). Differently, in cola drinking rats (CR vs CS), running partially restored median islet area (+15%, 2.06 104 μm2 vs 1.79 104 μm2, p<0.05), increased median β-cell mass (+47%, 5.59 mg vs 3.81 mg, p <0.0001) and reduced median α/β ratio (-6%, 0.60 vs 0.64, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study is likely the first reporting experimental evidence of the beneficial effect of exercise on pancreatic morphology in cola-drinking rats. Presently, the increase of nearly 50% in β cells mass by running in cola drinking rats is by far the most relevant finding. Moderate running, advisably indicated in cola consumers and patients at risk of diabetes, finds here experimental support.Fil: Otero-Losada, Matilde Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Julian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Muller, Maria Angelica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ottaviano, Graciela Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Cao, Gabriel Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Azzato, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ambrosio, Giuseppe. Università di Perugia; ItaliaFil: Milei, Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; Argentin