Smart Meter Development Using Digital Twin Technology for Green Energy Distribution Optimization

This study proposes a digital twin (DT) approach and technical framework for smart meters to solve potential implementation and development problems and adapt to the new energy revolution trend and increase smart grid network security. DT models were deployed in the cloud and edge using a smart meter DT demonstration system. This paper evaluates the DT system's communication performance in real-time smart grid application through three dimensions: remote application service for smart grid user side, P2P transaction on the user side, and user real-time request service. This study's container-based decision tree strategy for smart meters meets the smart grid's real-time communication requirements for user-side applications

Seroprevalence and Risk factor of Brucella Abortus in Cattle (Indigenous and crossbred) in District Layyah

Background: Brucellosis is very important infectious, zoonotic disease all over the world affecting variety species, causing severe economic losses in animals and severe illness in human beings. This study was planned to find the seroprevalence and associated risk factors with Brucella Abortus in indigenous and crossbreed cattle of District Layyah.Methods: The blood sample were collected from 350 blood animals and screened by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) using anti-Brucella antibodies. The seropositive samples were confirmed through indirect ELISA tests. The information on risk factors associated with brucellosis were collected on pre-designed questionnaires.Results: The result of the present study showed the overall prevalence of 6.97% in cattle in district Layyah. It was more prevalent in the age group of 2-5 years (14.6%) as compared to that of the age group 5-10 years (6.25%). The prevalence was significantly higher in the cattle with history of abortion (52.38%) as compared to the non-aborted cattle (3%). The crossbreed animals were found to be more affected than indigenous animals.Conclusion: There is a dire need to eliminate the seropositive animals by application of proper control programme and eradicate this zoonotic disease in developing countries especially in Pakistan.Keywords: Brucellosis; Cattle; Seroprevalence; Layyah

Effect of rock phosphate based compost and biofertilizer on uptake of nutrients, nutrient use efficiency and yield of cotton

Phosphorus deficiency in alkaline and calcareous soils is a worldwide burning issue. The use of mineral phosphatic fertilizers is quite popular throughout the world to cope with this deficiency. However, efficient use of these phosphatic fertilizers is still questionable. A study was conducted to improve the efficiency of these mineral phosphatic fertilizers using phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphorus enriched compost (PEC) in cotton. Results showed that integrated use of PSB and PEC in different combinations improved nutrient use efficiency, growth and seed-cotton yield compared to alone application of single super phosphate (SSP). Significant improvement in morphological characteristics of cotton were recorded due to combinations of PSB and PEC with SSP

Evaluation of Apolipoprotein B / Apolipoprotein A Ratio as an Alternate of Lipid Profile for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To compare the predictive utility of serum Apo B/Apo A ratio with serum lipid profile in evaluation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Research was done at Department of Chemical Pathology & Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi from 1 January 2021 to 31 March 2022. Materials and Methods: A total of 204 patients were enrolled from a tertiary care hospital admitted for recent cardiac events and were compared with 96 healthy individuals. A serum sample was taken from all the members of both groups. Their lipid profile, Apo A, and Apo B were analyzed. Apo B/ Apo A ratio was calculated. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Means of patient group for total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and Apo B/Apo A ratio were 4.18±1.21, 2.52±1.06, 0.83±0.34, 0.71±0.31, 1.66±0.86, 0.96±0.60 respectively, whereas means for control group were 3.99±0.54, 2.31±0.56, 1.00±0.31, 0.59±0.15, 1.22±0.33 and 0.70±0.18 respectively. Independent t-test was applied to compare means between two groups, which showed statistically significant difference between Apo B/Apo A ratio, HDL, and TG (p value <0.001). Chi-square test was applied for comparison of two groups which was statistically significant (p value <0.001). Conclusion: Apo B/Apo A ratio is a better indicator for evaluation of cardiovascular disease as compared to lipid profile suggesting it to be a new and robust marker for CVD risk evaluation in our population

Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in the Improvement of Healthcare Professions: A Review

In 1956, the development of engineering science led to the birth of the first intelligent machines. This has led to the term Artificial Intelligence (AI) coined by a scientist named John McCarthy. The basic purpose of AI is to minimise human cognitive function. Advanced computer technology allows humans to do comparative critical thinking and simulate intelligent behaviour by producing intelligent modelling to solve boost and uplift cracking problems, imaging knowledge, and making a decision.  Consequently, rapid analytical technique progress, powered by the increasing data availability in healthcare, has directed a paradigm shift in the healthcare system, especially in the analysis of medical imaging in the disease of oncology by detection of brain tumours. It helps the diagnosis of cancer stages based on the abnormal cell growth in the brain. AI is also important in diagnosis and treatment in other medical departments like dermatology, nephrology, ophthalmology, pathology, pulmonary medicine, endocrinology, gastroenterology, and neurology.  In recent years, AI has played a key role in pharmacy, drug delivery, drug discovery, drug formulation development, hospital pharmacy, and poly-pharmacology. The term AI has a broad range of applications in medicine, medical statistics, medical diagnosis, human biology, pharmacy, clinical, and robotics. Automated selective medication uses the scientific task approach of pharmacists and is only possible by the use of AI. Algorithmic tasks reserved by using AI automation and such type of AI demonstration are better than pharmacists in comparison. In general terms of AI, the minimal intervention of humans implies intelligent behaviour through computer models. The invention of robots is deemed the starting point of the AI journey. It started with the introduction of robotic biosynthetic machines utilised to support medical personnel. In the meantime, an AI is capable of analysing complex clinical and medical data where a potentially significant data set relationship can be used for treatment and predicting outcomes in the case study and diagnosis

Evaluation of catalase activity, gill histology and genotoxic effects of cadmium in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings

This research was designed to assess the toxicity of cadmium (Cd), and its effects on catalase (CAT) activity, histology of gills and geno-toxicity of Oreochromis niloticus. The acute toxicity of Cd (96-h) for fish was computed as 56.021 mg/L (LC50) and 80.7336 mg/L (LC100) using Probit method. The inferences showed that catalase level was significantly (P<0.05) lower in Cd treated O. niloticus as compared to control that was metal-stress free. It followed the order as: intestine<gills<muscles<brain. Results of gills histology showed that Cd-exposure caused prominent damage to both primary and secondary lamella. The histological alterations included fusion and curling of secondary lamella, hyperplasia in secondary lamella, epithelial lifting, and aneurysm observed in gills. Geno-toxic results showed that a significant (p<0.05) increase in micronuclei, de-shape and notched nuclei in erythrocytes of Cd-exposed O. niloticus was found as compared to control. The inferences of this study confirmed the genotoxic properties of Cd. This study will be helpful in understanding the histological and geno-toxic changes in fish body kept under Cd stress. This study will also help in the development of a specific approach to minimize the negative and genotoxic impacts of cadmium. Furthermore, tilapia can be used as a good bio-indicator for detecting toxic impacts associated with water pollution

The prevalence of HBV infection in the cohort of IDPs of war against terrorism in Malakand Division of Northern Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the Pakistani population and is the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. High prevalence of HBV infections has been observed especially in areas of low economic status. In spite of effective immunization programs, no significant change has been observed in the epidemiology of HBV in the rural areas of Pakistan (~67.5% of the total population) mainly due to lack of interest from government authorities and poor hygienic measures. The current study was aimed at estimating the prevalence and risk factors associated with HBV infection within internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to war against terrorism in the Malakand Division of Northern Pakistan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Blood samples from 950 IDPs suspected with HBV infection (including both males and females) were collected and processed with commercial ELISA kits for HBsAg, Anti HBs, HBeAg, Anti HBe antibodies. The samples positive by ELISA were confirmed for HBV DNA by real-time PCR analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of HBV observed was 21.05% of which 78.5% were males and 21.5% were females. Most confirmed HBV patients belong to the Malakand and Dir (lower) district. High-risk of infection was found in the older subjects 29.13% (46-60 years), while a lower incidence (11.97%) was observed in children aged <15 years. Lack of awareness, socioecomic conditions, sexual activities and sharing of razor blades, syringes and tattooing needles were the most common risk factors of HBV infection observed during the cohort of patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study, revealed for the first time a high degree of prevalence of HBV infection in rural areas of Northern Pakistan. The noticed prevalence is gender- and age-dependent that might be due to their high exposures to the common risk factors. To avoid the transmission of HBV infection proper awareness about the possible risk factors and extension of immunization to the rural areas are recommended.</p

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

TiO

Over the years, several forms of energy resources have been used for a variety of purposes; however, the over use of energy supplies has resulted in a variety of problems. Renewable energy sources are an excellent approach for addressing these challenges. In recent years, it has become possible to modify photoelectrochemical cells with titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, and graphitic nitride to create clean hydrogen. It has been discovered that the doping method enhances the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. Metal-oxide nanoparticles are common dopants; one example of this is iron-doped TiO2, which exhibits remarkable quantum efficiency due to the presence of iron. Nanomaterials with excellent crystallinity, three-dimensional structure, and tiny size are needed for obtaining high photocatalytic efficiency. The focus of the current research is on clean fuel production (hydrogen synthesis) using a doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst. In addition to clean fuel generation, attention is being paid to the development of titanium dioxide doping technologies and the doping of titanium dioxide. Experimental manufacturing approaches have been investigated to achieve this goal. Both theoretical (computational) and experimental methodologies have been discussed that aid in reducing band gap of pure Anatase TiO2 and may help in achieving better photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) for hydrogen production

Comparing Zinc Oxide- and Zinc Silicate-Related Metal-Organic Networks via Connection-Based Zagreb Indices

Metal-organic networks (MONs) are among the unique complex and porous chemical compounds. So, these chemical compounds consist of metal ions (vertices) and organic ligands (edges between vertices). These networks represent large pore volume, extreme surface area, morphology, excellent chemical stability, highly porous and crystalline materials, and octahedral clusters. MONs are mostly used in assessment of chemicals, gas and energy storage devices, sensing, separation and purification of different gases, heterogeneous catalysis, environmental hazard, toxicology, adsorption analysis, biomedical applications, and biocompatibility. Recently, drug delivery, cancer imaging, and biosensing have been investigated by biomedical applications of zinc-related MONs. The versatile applications of these MONs make them helpful tools in many fields of science in recent decade. In this paper, we discuss the two different zinc oxide and zinc silicate related MONs according to the number of increasing layers of metal and organic ligands together. We also compute the connection-based Zagreb indices such as first Zagreb connection index (ZCI), second ZCI, modified first ZCI, modified second ZCI, modified third ZCI, and modified fourth ZCI. Moreover, a comparison is also included between the zinc-related MONs by using numerical values of connection-based Zagreb indices. Finally, we conclude that zinc silicate-related MON is better than zinc oxide-related MON for all values of n