Green Synthesis and the formation kinetics of silver nanoparticles in aqueous Inula Viscosa extract

In this study, we present the production of silver nanoparticles in aqueous Inula Viscosa extract by the green synthesis approach at room temperature. The structural, morphological properties as well as formation kinetics of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-VIS, STEM, XRD, Raman and FTIR measurements. Mono-dispersed and very stable silver nanoparticles with size of 15$\pm$5 nm and face-centered cubic crystal structure were synthesized in aqueous Inula Viscosa extract. The kinetic studies of silver nanoparticles formation in Inula Viscosa extract show that silver nanoparticle formation reaction reached the equilibrium within 24 h and fit in the first-order reaction kinetics. The results clearly show that the size of fabricated nanoparticles is independent on the dynamical formation process since the reaction time and initial silver ion concentration did not affect on size and morphology of the produced particles.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

CC-Chemokine Receptor-2 Expression in Osteoblasts Contributes to Cartilage and Bone Damage during Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis

In osteoarthritis (OA), bone changes are radiological hallmarks and are considered important for disease progression. The C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) has been shown to play an important role in bone physiology. In this study, we investigated whether Ccr2 osteoblast-specific inactivation at different times during post-traumatic OA (PTOA) progression improves joint structures, bone parameters, and pain. We used a tamoxifen-inducible Ccr2 inactivation in Collagen1α-expressing cells to obtain osteoblasts lacking Ccr2 (CCR2-Col1αKO). We stimulated PTOA changes in CCR2-Col1αKO and CCR2+/+ mice using the destabilization of the meniscus model (DMM), inducing recombination before or after DMM (early- vs. late-inactivation). Joint damage was evaluated at two, four, eight, and twelve weeks post-DMM using multiple scores: articular-cartilage structure (ACS), Safranin-O, histomorphometry, osteophyte size/maturity, subchondral bone thickness and synovial hyperplasia. Spontaneous and evoked pain were assessed for up to 20 weeks. We found that early osteoblast-Ccr2 inactivation delayed articular cartilage damage and matrix degeneration compared to CCR2+/+, as well as DMM-induced bone thickness. Osteophyte formation and maturation were only minimally affected. Late Collagen1α-Ccr2 deletion led to less evident improvements. Osteoblast-Ccr2 deletion also improved static measures of pain, while evoked pain did not change. Our study demonstrates that Ccr2 expression in osteoblasts contributes to PTOA disease progression and pain by affecting both cartilage and bone tissues

Is this a simple drug eruption to be discharged?

‘Erythema Multiforme associated with Phenytoin And Cranial radiation Therapy’ (EMPACT) is a very rare clinic situation and classified in EM-like drug reactions. It can be easily misdiagnosed as acute urticaria or drug eruption in ED. Initial symptoms may resemble a simple skin problem, but diagnosing and early hospitalization of the patients can be lifesaving. Here, we present a man with renal cell cancer and brain metastases who admitted to ED due to fever and generalized rash. His skin lesions beginning from his head and spreading through the torso appeared four days after the end of radiotherapy (11 days after the initial dose of both radiation and oral phenytoin). Inspection showed erythematous lesions on the scalp, neck, torso and arms. These lesions had desquomative character on the scalp. Erythematous maculopapular lesions with the tendency of fusion were also visible on the chest, abdomen, back, on the flexor areas of the arm, forearm and femoral region. Laboratory studies showed normal complete blood counts, high creatinine kinase, creatinine kinase-MB, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin and total protein. After discontinuation of phenytoin and giving H1, H2 receptor blockers and steroid intravenously, he was discharged two weeks later with full recovery. Keywords: Erythema multiforme, Phenytoin, Cranial radiation, Skin, Emergenc

Prevalence of Childhood Affective disorders in Turkey: An epidemiological study

Aim: To determine the prevalence of affective disorders in Turkey among a representative sample of Turkish population. Methods: This study was conducted as a part of the "The Epidemiology of Childhood Psychopathology in Turkey" (EPICPAT-T) Study, which was designed by the Turkish Association of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. The inclusion criterion was being a student between the second and fourth grades in the schools assigned as study centers. The assessment tools used were the K-SADS-PL, and a sociodemographic form that was designed by the authors. Impairment was assessed via a 3 point-Likert type scale independently rated by a parent and a teacher. Results: A total of 5842 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of affective disorders was 2.5 % without considering impairment and 1.6 % when impairment was taken into account. In our sample, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was lacking, thus depressive disorders constituted all the cases. Among depressive disorders with impairment, major depressive disorder (MDD) (prevalence of 1.06%) was the most common, followed by dysthymia (prevalence of 0.2%), adjustment disorder with depressive features (prevalence of 0.17%), and depressive disorder-NOS (prevalence of 0.14%). There were no statistically significant gender differences for depression. Maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness were predictors of affective disorders with pervasive impairment. Conclusion: MDD was the most common depressive disorder among Turkish children in this nationwide epidemiological study. This highlights the severe nature of depression and the importance of early interventions. Populations with maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness may be the most appropriate targets for interventions to prevent and treat depression in children and adolescents

The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T).

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey

The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T)

Conclusion: This is the largest and most comprehensive epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of psychopathologies in children and adolescents in Turkey. Our results partly higher than, and partly comparable to previous national and international studies. It also contributes to the literature by determining the independent predictors of psychopathologies in this age group