A preliminary study about treg cells phenotypic alteration

Las células T reguladoras son una subpoblación de los linfocitos T CD4+ de gran importancia en el establecimiento y mantenimiento de la tolerancia y la homeostasis del sistema inmune. Muchos estudios han analizado la frecuencia de las Treg en pacientes infectados por VIH. Sin embargo, los resultados no son concluyentes y existe una gran controversia sobre el papel que juegan las Treg en el curso de la infección. Recientemente se ha demostrado que el VIH puede infectar las células Treg. Trabajos previos de nuestro grupo demuestran que las Treg son susceptibles de infección por el VIH disminuyendo la expresión del Foxp3 en las células infectadas. Este fenómeno produce una alteración en la capacidad supresora de las células Treg. El objetivo de éste estudio es corroborar dicho comportamiento in vivo y determinar el fenotipo de las Treg en pacientes infectados por VIH. Los resultados preliminares indican que efectivamente la frecuencia de células Foxp3+ es inferior en los pacientes infectados por VIH que en los individuos sanos. El estudio sigue en curso para recopilar un número suficiente de muestras que permitan confirmar estos resultados. Este estudio permitirá conocer mejor el papel de las Treg en el curso de la infección por VIHRegulatory T cells (Treg) are a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Many studies have explored the frequency of Treg in HIV infected patients. However, there are controversial findings about the role of these cells in the HIV infection. Nowadays, different studies have showed that Treg cells are susceptible to the HIV infection. Our in vitro data has showed that HIV infects Treg and produces a downregulation of Foxp3 expression. This phenomenon also leads Treg cells to a loss of their immune suppressive capacity. The aim of this study is to corroborate if this behavior also occurs in vivo and determine the Treg phenotype in HIVinfected patients. Preliminary results indicate that frequency of Foxp3+ cells is lower in HIVinfected patients than in healthy volunteers. At present, we are recovering enough number of samples to confirm these results. A better understanding of these cells could serve for the effective exploitation of their suppressive functions for clinical benefit

Influencia del factor de crecimieneto fibroblástico y la hidroxiapatita en la regeneración ósea tras resección crítica del cúbito del conejo

Peer Reviewe

Arabidopsis responds to Alternaria alternata volatiles by triggering plastid phosphoglucose isomerase-independent mechanisms

Sánchez-López, Ángela María et al.Volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse microorganisms (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote photosynthesis, growth, and the accumulation of high levels of starch in leaves through cytokinin (CK)-regulated processes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants not exposed to VCs, plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase (pPGI) acts as an important determinant of photosynthesis and growth, likely as a consequence of its involvement in the synthesis of plastidic CKs in roots. Moreover, this enzyme plays an important role in connecting the Calvin-Benson cycle with the starch biosynthetic pathway in leaves. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the responses of plants to microbial VCs and to investigate the extent of pPGI involvement, we characterized pPGI-null pgi1-2 Arabidopsis plants cultured in the presence or absence of VCs emitted by Alternaria alternata. We found that volatile emissions from this fungal phytopathogen promote growth, photosynthesis, and the accumulation of plastidic CKs in pgi1-2 leaves. Notably, the mesophyll cells of pgi1-2 leaves accumulated exceptionally high levels of starch following VC exposure. Proteomic analyses revealed that VCs promote global changes in the expression of proteins involved in photosynthesis, starch metabolism, and growth that can account for the observed responses in pgi1-2 plants. The overall data show that Arabidopsis plants can respond to VCs emitted by phytopathogenic microorganisms by triggering pPGI-independent mechanisms.This work was supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain (grant nos. BIO2010–18239 and BIO2013–49125–C2–1–P), by the Government of Navarra (grant no. IIM010491.RI1), by the I-Link0939 project from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant no. LO1204 from the National Program of Sustainability), by Palacky University institutional support, by predoctoral fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (to A.M.S.-L. and P.G.-G.), and by postdoctoral fellowships from the Public University of Navarra (to M.B. and G.A.).Peer Reviewe

Psychological distress in health sciences college students and its relationship with academic engagement

Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its relationship with academic engagement (absorption, dedication and vigor), sex and degree among students from four public universities. Method: A non-experimental,comparative correlational, quantitative investigation without intervention. Study population: 1840 nursing and physical therapy students. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire. Results: A 32.2% prevalence of psychological distress was found in the subjects; a correlation between vigor and psychological distress was found for all of the subjects and also for women. High absorption and dedication scores and low psychological distress scores predicted higher vigor scores. Conclusion: The risk of psychological distress is high, especially for women. Women seem to have a higher level of psychological distress than men. Vigor, energy and mental resilience positively influence psychological distress and can be a vehicle for better results during the learning and studying process

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

El conflicto entre cristianos y musulmanes en las relaciones de sucesos : la liberación de Buda

Este trabajo propone el análisis de una selección de textos escritos en romance sobre la derrota turca y la toma de la ciudad de Buda en 1686, que denuncian la exultante acogida popular de la noticia de las gestas cristianas en Centroeuropa, la percepción del eterno conflicto entre Oriente y Occidente y la proyección del imaginario colectivo del siglo xvii acerca de la lucha contra los infieles.This paper offers the analysis of a selection of texts, written in Romance languages, about the Turkish defeat and the conquest of the city of Buda in 1686, which provide evidence of the popular exultation at the news of the Christian achievements in Central Europe, the perception of the eternal conflict between East and West, and the projection of the seventeenth-century collective imagination regarding the struggle against the infidel

Anti-Spike antibodies 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine booster dose in patients on hemodialysis: the prospective SENCOVAC study

Background: Patients on hemodialysis are at high-risk for complications derived from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present analysis evaluated the impact of a booster vaccine dose and breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on humoral immunity 3 months after the booster dose. Methods: This is a multicentric and prospective study assessing immunoglobulin G anti-Spike antibodies 6 and 9 months after initial SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients on hemodialysis that had also received a booster dose before the 6-month assessment (early booster) or between the 6- and 9-month assessments (late booster). The impact of breakthrough infections, type of vaccine, time from the booster and clinical variables were assessed. Results: A total of 711 patients [67% male, median age (range) 67 (20-89) years] were included. Of these, 545 (77%) received an early booster and the rest a late booster. At 6 months, 64 (9%) patients had negative anti-Spike antibody titers (3% of early booster and 29% of late booster patients, P =. 001). At 9 months, 91% of patients with 6-month negative response had seroconverted and there were no differences in residual prevalence of negative humoral response between early and late booster patients (0.9% vs 0.6%, P =. 693). During follow-up, 35 patients (5%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody titers at 9 months were independently associated with mRNA-1273 booster (P =. 001), lower time from booster (P =. 043) and past breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (P <. 001). Conclusions: In hemodialysis patients, higher titers of anti-Spike antibodies at 9 months were associated with mRNA-1273 booster, lower time from booster and past breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infectionThe present project has been supported by Fresenius Medical Care, Diaverum, Vifor Pharma, Vircell, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo and ISCIII FEDER funds RICORS2040 (RD21/0005

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Docencia en Derecho y Proceso: hacia un aprendizaje de calidad en la Universidad

Presentación / Esther Pillado González (pp. 11-13). -- La adaptación de la asignatura derecho procesal penal al grado en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid: un proceso aún inconcluso / Juan Manuel Alcoceba Gil (pp. 17-26). -- Role playing, cooperación competitiva y method case en la docencia-aprendizaje del Derecho Procesal / Cristina Alonso Salgado (pp. 27-35). -- Esquemas y materiales básicos para explicar en el grado en derecho el sistema de impugnación de actos jurídicos de las administraciones públicas en España / Roberto O. Bustillo Bolado (pp. 37-40). -- Nuevas herramientas y técnicas para la docencia del derecho / Juan Cámara Ruiz (pp. 41-51). -- Novas técnicas na docência em direito / Marco Carvalho Gonçalves (pp. 53-60). -- Experiência de lecionação em Direito em cursos não jurídicos – a lecionação da UC de Direito das Crianças e Jovens ao Mestrado em Intervenção Psicossocial com Crianças, Jovens e Famílias do Instituto de Educação / Cristina M. A. Dias (pp. 61-67). -- Los programas universitarios para mayores: la docencia en Derecho en la Universidad de Vigo / Teresa Estévez Abeleira (pp. 69-79). -- El aprendizaje activo del Derecho Procesal / María Dolores Fernández Fustes (81-92). -- El aprendizaje como método de adquirir los conocimientos / Raquel López Jiménez (pp. 93-101). -- Alumnado con necesidades especiales en el grado en derecho: el reto de la normalización e inclusión / Ángel M. Mariño de Andrés y M. Teresa Martínez Táboas (pp. 103-110). -- Docencia y proceso penal: intentando experimentar el proceso / Sabela Oubiña Barbolla (pp. 111-127). -- La integración de las redes sociales en la enseñanza del Derecho Penal / Natalia Pérez Rivas (pp. 129-135). -- Análisis y prospectiva de una plataforma e-learning en ciencias jurídicas / Amparo Rodríguez Damián, Margarita Pino Juste, Arturo Casar Sarasola y Manuel Pérez Cota (pp. 137-149). -- La evaluación de competencias en las materias “prácticas externas” del Máster Universitario en Abogacía: problemas y retos / Mónica Siota Álvarez (pp. 151-164). -- La enseñanza del derecho procesal a través del método del caso / Helena Soleto Muñoz (pp. 165-178). -- A aprendizagem activa do Direito Processual – reflexão sobre velhos hábitos e novas práticas / Lurdes Varregoso Mesquita (pp. 179-189). -- Acão executiva e metodologia aplicada – demonstração de caso / Lurdes Varregoso Mesquita, Diana Leiras (pp. 191-201). -- Derecho Constitucional y género / Almudena Bergareche Gros (pp. 205-216). -- Aproximación al fenómeno de la violencia de género a través de las novelas como recurso didáctico / María Castro Corredoira (pp. 217-227). -- La formación en género en derecho penal: el cine como recurso didáctico / Natalia Pérez Rivas, Fernando Vázquez-Portomeñe Seijas (pp. 229-240). -- Cuestiones controvertidas de la docencia en el ámbito del derecho constitucional: la perspectiva de género y el principio de transversalidad / Pablo Riquelme Vázquez (pp. 241-253). -- Storytelling y cine extranjero en la explicación del sistema de justicia penal español / Cristina Alonso Salgado (pp. 257-263). -- Direito e Cinema. Breve reflexão a partir da experiência da docência ao 1.º ano do curso de Direito / Maria Clara Calheiros (pp. 265-273). -- El cine como opción pedagógica en la enseñanza del derecho penal / Fernando Vázquez-Portomeñe Seijas y María Castro Corredoira (pp. 275-286). -- El jurista del siglo XXI y la Universidad del siglo pasado: ¿realidades irreconciliables? / Amaya Arnáiz Serrano (pp. 289-307). -- La formación del abogado del siglo XXI / Emiliano Carretero Morales (pp. 309-321). -- El cambio del perfil del alumno y su influencia a la enseñanza superior / Anna Fiodorova (pp. 323-335). -- La enseñanza del derecho en el marco Bolonia: reflexiones en base a las distintas tradiciones jurídicas / Mercedes Llorente Sánchez-Arjona (pp. 337-355)