La industria de los alimentos y sus campañas de promoción de la salud = The food industry and its health promotion campaigns

Resumen: Se realizó este análisis para determinar los conceptos centrales en que se fundamentan las recomendaciones nutrimentales de la industria de los alimentos y su correspondencia con la evidencia científica. Se evaluó una propuesta de educación para la alimentación sana que realiza en México un grupo de productores de alimentos procesados y se compararon los contenidos con los de tres publicaciones realizadas desde la disciplina de la nutrición. Los resultados muestran apego al paradigma de la clasificación de los alimentos con base en macronutrimentos y las equivalencias. Esto no se relaciona con la evidencia científica que sustenta el cambio del enfoque hacia uno que considere los componentes bioactivos de los alimentos, recomendaciones hacia alimentos específicos, así como evitar los no recomendables. El mantener recomendaciones basadas en los grupos tradicionales y las equivalencias permite que la industria continúe promoviendo alimentos y bebidas obesogénicos por lo que es necesario construir una nutrición con base en evidencia. Palabras clave: alimentación saludable, alimentos industrializados, componentes bioactivos, paradigmas de la nutrición, clasificación de los alimentos, equivalencias Abstract: This analysis was conducted to determine the core concepts of the nutritional recommendations from the food industry and its correspondence with the scientific evidence. It was evaluated a proposal for education for healthy food that carried out in Mexico from a group of producers of processed foods and were compared with the three content text realized from the nutrition discipline. The results show attachment to the paradigm of the classification of foods based on macro-nutriments and their equivalences. This is not related to the scientific evidence underpinning the shift of focus towards one that consider components bioactive food, recommendations to specific foods, as well as avoid not recommended. The keep recommendations based on the traditional groups and their equivalence allows that industry continues promoting obesogenic food and beverages, it is necessary to construct a nutrition discipline based on evidence. Keywords: healthful feedings, processed foods, bioactive components, nutrition paradigms, food classification, equivalence

Comunicación educativa a pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2 y adherencia al tratamiento nutricional = Educational communication to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and adherence to nutritional therapy

Las modificaciones en el estilo de vida para adoptar la alimentación saludable son el eje del control metabólico en quienes tienen enfermedades no transmisibles. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la adherencia al tratamiento no farmacológico de los asistentes a un programa de comunicación educativa. Se evaluaron los resultados de 142 pacientes que asistían a una unidad médica a través de sus marcadores bioquímicos y de las respuestas al test KIDMED. Hubo media de 4.1 asistencias mensuales durante el semestre. Sólo 16% de los participantes tuvo el logro de glucosa < a 6.1 mmol/L y 25% con hemoglobina glicosilada < 6.5%. Sólo 2.1% estuvieron en el nivel óptimo de la dieta mientras 45.7% tuvieron baja calidad. El tipo de intervenciones con base en el modelo explicativo no generan modificaciones en el estilo de vida saludable.Palabras clave: Adherencia, Comunicación en salud, DiabetIMSS, Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, Estilo de vida saludable.Abstract: Changes in lifestyle to adopt healthy eating are the backbone of metabolic control in people with NCDs. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze adherence to non-pharmacological treatment of those attending a program of educational communication. The results of 142 patients attending a medical unit through its biochemical markers and test responses were evaluated with KIDMED. There were monthly averages of 4.1 assists during the semester. Only 16% of participants achieved <5.5 mmol/L and 25% of them glycosylated hemoglobin <6.5%. Only 2.1% had an optimal diet while 45.7% had low quality. The type of interventions based on the explanatory model does not generate changes in healthy lifestyle.Keywords: Non communicable diseases, health Communications, healthy lifestyle, DiabetIMSS, adherence

Resistencia a Tuta absoluta en una entrada de la especie silvestre de tomate Solanum pimpinellifolium

2 páginas, 1 figura, 1 tabla.-- Artículo publicado en la revista profesional de sanidad vegetal.-- et al.[EN]: We previously found resistance to pests (twospotted spider mite and whitefly) based on type IV glandular trichomes and acylsucrose production in an accession of the wild tomato species S. pimpinellifolium from the germplasm collection at the Experimental Station La Mayora – CSIC. Resistance to the South American tomato pinworm of that accession and plant materials derived from it was investigated in greenhouse conditions at CNPH (Brasilia, Brazil) and, when Tuta absoluta was introduced into Spain, at Exp. Sta. La Mayora (Málaga, southern Spain). Genotypes carrying type IV glandular trichomes showed reduced pest damage, especially on young, apical leaves. Possibility for control of Tuta by the utilization of resistant tomato cultivars looks forward to future breeding programmes for the trait.[ES]: Una entrada de la especie silvestre de tomate S. pimpinellifolium del banco de germoplasma de la Estación Experimental La Mayora-CSIC presenta resistencia a plagas (araña roja y mosca blanca) merced a sus tricomas glandulares de tipo IV y producción de acilsacarosas. Con el fin de estudiar si esta entrada y otros genotipos de tomate de ella derivados eran también resistentes a T. absoluta, se realizaron experimentos en condiciones de invernadero en CNPH (Brasilia, Brasil) y, una vez que Tuta se introdujo en España, en la E.E. La Mayora (Algarrobo, Málaga). Los genotipos con tricomas de tipo IV sufrieron menores daños por la plaga, especialmente en las hojas apicales, más jóvenes. La posibilidad del control de Tuta mediante la utilización de variedades resistentes queda abierta a futuros programas de mejora genética del carácter.Trabajo financiado por MICINN-FEDER (Proyecto AGL2007-66760-C02-02/AGR).Peer reviewe

Evaluación de los impactos en la calidad de la energía por la compensación de potencia reactiva con bancos de condensadores y D-STATCOM

This paper presents an assessment of capacitor banks and Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) with respect to their impact on energy quality. Tests were done with capacitor banks built with electrolytic capacitors commonly used in industrial applications and a D-STATCOM. Experimental tests were performed for power factor correction in order to reduce the reactive power demanded from the electrical grid for inductive-resistive loads. For comparative purposes, the control of the D-STATCOM was set to operate with similar compensation conditions to that of the capacitor banks. Results show that under the same test conditions capacitor banks produce higher Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) than D-STATCOM.Este artículo presenta una evaluación de los bancos de capacitores y el Compensador Estático de Distribución (D-STATCOM) con respecto a su impacto en la calidad de la energía. Las pruebas fueron hechas con bancos de capacitores construidos con capacitores electrolíticos comúnmente usados en aplicaciones industriales y un D-STATCOM. Las pruebas experimentales fueron realizadas para corrección del factor de potencia, con el fin de reducir la potencia reactiva demandada por la red eléctrica con cargas resistivo-inductivas. Por propósitos comparativos, el control del D-STATCOM se programó para operar en similares condiciones de compensación respecto al banco de capacitores. Los resultados muestran que, bajo las mismas condiciones de prueba, los bancos de capacitores producen mayor Distorsión Armónica Total que el D-STATCOM

Thermal and light irradiation effect on the electrocatalytic performance of Hemoglobin modified Co3O4-g-C3N4 nanomaterials for oxygen evolution reaction

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in the water splitting process and a high energy conversion efficiency is essential for the definitive advance of hydrogen-based technologies. Unfortunately, the green and sustainable development of electrocatalysts for water oxidation is nowadays a real challenge. Herein, a successful mechanochemical method is proposed for the synthesis of a novel hemoglobin (Hb) modified Co3O4/g-C3N4 composite nanomaterial. The controlled incorporation of cobalt entities as well as Hb functionalization, without affecting the g-C3N4 nanoarchitecture, was evaluated using different physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The beneficial effect of the resulting ternary bioconjugate together with the influence of the temperature and light irradiation was investigated by electrochemical analysis. At 60 °C and under light exposition, this electrocatalyst requires an overpotential of 370 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, showing a Tafel slope of 66 mV·dec−1 and outstanding long-term stability for 600 OER cycles. This work paves a way for the controlled fabrication of multidimensional and multifunctional bio-electrocatalysts

Collagen XIX Alpha 1 improves prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The identification of more reliable diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), is urgently needed. The objective in this study was to identify more reliable prognostic biomarkers of ALS mirroring neurodegeneration that could be of help in clinical trials. A total of 268 participants from three cohorts were included in this study. The muscle and blood cohorts were analyzed in two cross-sectional studies, while the serial blood cohort was analyzed in a longitudinal study at 6-monthly intervals. Fifteen target genes and fourteen proteins involved in muscle physiology and differentiation, metabolic processes and neuromuscular junction dismantlement were studied in the three cohorts. In the muscle biopsy cohort, the risk for a higher mortality in an ALS patient that showed high Collagen type XIX, alpha 1 (COL19A1) protein levels and a fast progression of the disease was 70.5% (P < 0.05), while in the blood cohort, this risk was 20% (P < 0.01). In the serial blood cohort, the linear mixed model analysis showed a significant association between increasing COL19A1 gene levels along disease progression and a faster progression during the follow-up period of 24 months (P < 0.05). Additionally, higher COL19A1 levels and a faster progression increased 17.9% the mortality risk (P < 0.01). We provide new evidence that COL19A1 can be considered a prognostic biomarker that could help the selection of homogeneous groups of patients for upcoming clinical trial and may be pointed out as a promising therapeutic target in ALS

Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties

Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020&ndash;2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cari&ntilde;ena Roja (Catalu&ntilde;a, INCAVI), Mandr&egrave;gue (Arag&oacute;n, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density

Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties

Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020–2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cariñena Roja (Cataluña, INCAVI), Mandrègue (Aragón, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density.This work, performed by the VIOR (Viticultura, Olivo y Rosa) group of the Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), forms part of the project “Valorización de variedades minoritarias de vid por su potencial para la diversificación vitivinícola. Resiliencia a enfermedades fúngicas influenciadas por el cambio climático” (MINORVIN) (RTI 2018-101085-RC32), funded by MCIN/AEI/, 10.13039/501100011033 and the European Regional Development Fund.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio