Efecto de lixiviados del raquis de plátano sobre la actividad y biomasa microbiana en floración y cosecha del tomate

Se utilizaron cinco tratamientos: el testigo (T0) y cuatro concentraciones de lixiviados (T1= 100%, T2= 75%, T3= 50% y T4= 25%) aplicados 15, 30 y 60 días después del trasplante. La actividad microbiana se determinó con la metodología del CAB y la biomasa microbiana con el método de fumigación-extracción. En la actividad microbiana se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, presentando la aplicación del lixiviado a la menor concentración (25%) la mayor actividad (56.76 mgCO2g suelo-1). La actividad fue mayor en floración en todos los tratamientos. Para biomasa microbiana no se presentaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos ni entre épocas. ABSTRACT The effect of leaching from rachis on soil microbial biomass and activity during tomato flowering and harvesting period. Field trail comprised five treatments of different leaching concentrations (T0= test, T1= 100%, T2= 75%, T3=50%, and T4=25%) sprinkled on soil 15, 30 and 60 days after tomato transplanting. Microbial activity was measured with CAB method and microbial biomass was recorded with fumigation - extraction method. The average microbial activity with sprinking of 25% of leaching was higher (56.76 mgCO2g suelo-1). No significant difference in order to treatments and periods in microbial biomass were observed. These observations showed leaching sprinkling in low concentration influence en microbial activity for the conditions of this experiment. Key words: Soil biology, biomass, leaching, Lycopersicum sculentun

Revisión bibliográfica sobre desarrollo y validación de un sistema automatizado para invernaderos

Abstract: In western Huila (Colombia) the agricultural sector in greenhouse crops shows a low use of technology. There is a need to develop jobs that allow farmers improve crop conditions in greenhouses, implementing new low–cost technologies that increase crop performance. The objective of this bibliographic revision is to establish the state of the art, in order to structure the project “Validation of an automatized greenhouse system to improve the tomato crop’s productivity in La Plata, Huila”. Scientific articles from specialized databases and technical documents were reviewed from state entities devoted to agricultural research were reviewed with the aim of learning about national and international research about the design, methodology and system development, control models and automatization applied to precision agriculture, production of tomato’s under cover crops in controlled environments and agroecologic conditions included  their respective cost and prices in the colombian market. The results of the review  show in detail the metodology, development platforms, electronic devices, variety of  selected tomatoes, type of greenhouse and watering systems that will be used for the  development of the project previously mentioned.Resumen: En el Occidente del Huila (Colombia) se evidencia baja utilización de tecnología por parte del sector agrícola en los cultivos manejados bajo invernadero; se hace necesario desarrollar trabajos que permitan al agricultor mejorar las condiciones de los  cultivos bajo cubierta, implementando nuevas tecnologías a menor costo que incrementen el rendimiento de sus cultivos. El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica  es establecer el estado del arte, con el fin de estructurar el proyecto Validación de un sistema automatizado de invernadero para mejorar el rendimiento del cultivo de tomate  en La Plata, Huila. Se consultaron artículos científicos en bases de datos especializadas  y documentos técnicos de entidades estatales dedicadas a la investigación en temas agropecuarios, con el fin de conocer trabajos a nivel nacional e internacional realizados  sobre metodologías de diseño y desarrollo de sistemas, modelos de control y automatización aplicados en agricultura de precisión, producción de tomate bajo cubierta  en ambientes controlados y condiciones agroecológicas con sus respectivos costos y precios en el mercado colombiano. Los resultados de dicha revisión presentan, de  manera detallada, la metodología, plataformas de desarrollo, dispositivos electrónicos,  variedad de tomate seleccionado, tipo de invernadero y riego, datos que se utilizarán para el desarrollo del proyecto mencionado

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Atlas de las praderas marinas de España

Knowledge of the distribution and extent of seagrass habitats is currently the basis of management and conservation policies of the coastal zones in most European countries. This basic information is being requested through European directives for the establishment of monitoring programmes and the implementation of specific actions to preserve the marine environment. In addition, this information is crucial for the quantification of the ecological importance usually attributed to seagrass habitats due to, for instance, their involvement in biogeochemical cycles, marine biodiversity and quality of coastal waters or global carbon budgets. The seagrass atlas of Spain represents a huge collective effort performed by 84 authors across 30 Spanish institutions largely involved in the scientific research, management and conservation of seagrass habitats during the last three decades. They have contributed to the availability of the most precise and realistic seagrass maps for each region of the Spanish coast which have been integrated in a GIS to obtain the distribution and area of each seagrass species. Most of this information has independently originated at a regional level by regional governments, universities and public research organisations, which explain the elevated heterogeneity in criteria, scales, methods and objectives of the available information. On this basis, seagrass habitats in Spain occupy a total surface of 1,541,63 km2, 89% of which is concentrated in the Mediterranean regions; the rest is present in sheltered estuarine areas of the Atlantic peninsular regions and in the open coastal waters of the Canary Islands, which represents 50% of the Atlantic meadows. Of this surface, 71.5% corresponds to Posidonia oceanica, 19.5% to Cymodocea nodosa, 3.1% to Zostera noltii (=Nanozostera noltii), 0.3% to Zostera marina and 1.2% to Halophila decipiens. Species distribution maps are presented (including Ruppia spp.), together with maps of the main impacts and pressures that has affected or threatened their conservation status, as well as the management tools established for their protection and conservation. Despite this considerable effort, and the fact that Spain has mapped wide shelf areas, the information available is still incomplete and with weak precision in many regions, which will require an investment of major effort in the near future to complete the whole picture and respond to demands of EU directives

Atlas de las praderas marinas de España

Knowledge of the distribution and extent of seagrass habitats is currently the basis of management and conservation policies of the coastal zones in most European countries. This basic information is being requested through European directives for the establishment of monitoring programmes and the implementation of specific actions to preserve the marine environment. In addition, this information is crucial for the quantification of the ecological importance usually attributed to seagrass habitats due to, for instance, their involvement in biogeochemical cycles, marine biodiversity and quality of coastal waters or global carbon budgets. The seagrass atlas of Spain represents a huge collective effort performed by 84 authors across 30 Spanish institutions largely involved in the scientific research, management and conservation of seagrass habitats during the last three decades. They have contributed to the availability of the most precise and realistic seagrass maps for each region of the Spanish coast which have been integrated in a GIS to obtain the distribution and area of each seagrass species. Most of this information has independently originated at a regional level by regional governments, universities and public research organisations, which explain the elevated heterogeneity in criteria, scales, methods and objectives of the available information. On this basis, seagrass habitats in Spain occupy a total surface of 1,541,63 km2, 89% of which is concentrated in the Mediterranean regions; the rest is present in sheltered estuarine areas of the Atlantic peninsular regions and in the open coastal waters of the Canary Islands, which represents 50% of the Atlantic meadows. Of this surface, 71.5% corresponds to Posidonia oceanica, 19.5% to Cymodocea nodosa, 3.1% to Zostera noltii (=Nanozostera noltii), 0.3% to Zostera marina and 1.2% to Halophila decipiens. Species distribution maps are presented (including Ruppia spp.), together with maps of the main impacts and pressures that has affected or threatened their conservation status, as well as the management tools established for their protection and conservation. Despite this considerable effort, and the fact that Spain has mapped wide shelf areas, the information available is still incomplete and with weak precision in many regions, which will require an investment of major effort in the near future to complete the whole picture and respond to demands of EU directives.Versión del edito

Mortality after surgery in Europe: a 7 day cohort study

Background: Clinical outcomes after major surgery are poorly described at the national level. Evidence of heterogeneity between hospitals and health-care systems suggests potential to improve care for patients but this potential remains unconfirmed. The European Surgical Outcomes Study was an international study designed to assess outcomes after non-cardiac surgery in Europe.Methods: We did this 7 day cohort study between April 4 and April 11, 2011. We collected data describing consecutive patients aged 16 years and older undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery in 498 hospitals across 28 European nations. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 60 days. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome measures were duration of hospital stay and admission to critical care. We used χ² and Fisher’s exact tests to compare categorical variables and the t test or the Mann-Whitney U test to compare continuous variables. Significance was set at p<0·05. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models to adjust for the differences in mortality rates between countries.Findings: We included 46 539 patients, of whom 1855 (4%) died before hospital discharge. 3599 (8%) patients were admitted to critical care after surgery with a median length of stay of 1·2 days (IQR 0·9–3·6). 1358 (73%) patients who died were not admitted to critical care at any stage after surgery. Crude mortality rates varied widely between countries (from 1·2% [95% CI 0·0–3·0] for Iceland to 21·5% [16·9–26·2] for Latvia). After adjustment for confounding variables, important differences remained between countries when compared with the UK, the country with the largest dataset (OR range from 0·44 [95% CI 0·19 1·05; p=0·06] for Finland to 6·92 [2·37–20·27; p=0·0004] for Poland).Interpretation: The mortality rate for patients undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery was higher than anticipated. Variations in mortality between countries suggest the need for national and international strategies to improve care for this group of patients.Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Society of Anaesthesiology