Desenvolvimento e validação de uma escala para medir a capacidade de liderança em um ambiente de tra-balho remoto (CLETR)

The objective of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure leadership skills in a remote work environment; the population consisted of 556 employees from ten companies in the education, textile, telecommunications, consulting and commerce sectors in the regions of Lima, Arequipa, Cusco, Puno and Tacna in Peru; the instrument initially consisted of 29 items which went through three stages: expert judgment, Cronbach’s Alpha and the KMO index (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) for the Exploratory Factor Analysis. After the validation process, the instrument was made up of 20 items, having as results a positive evaluation of the instrument through expert judgment; an almost perfect reliability (α = 0.96) through Cronbach’s Alpha and for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) the correlation matrix was obtained with high values in Bartlett’s test of sphericity (chisq = 8358. 716, p-value = 0 with df = 406; indicating that the data are adequate for the EFA) and the KMO sample sufficiency mean whose value was 0.98, indicating that the correlations between the variables and their partial correlations (29 items) were excellent. It is concluded that this new scale is reliable and valid to be applied in other studies in business contexts.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo elaborar y validar una escala para medir la capacidad de liderazgo en un entorno de trabajo remoto. La población estuvo conformada por 556 colaboradores de diez empresas de los sectores educación, textil, telecomunicaciones, consultoría y comercio de las regiones de Lima, Arequipa, Cusco, Puno y Tacna en Perú. El instrumento inicialmente estuvo conformado por 29 reactivos, que pasaron por tres etapas: el juicio de expertos, el alfa de Cronbach y el índice KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) para el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE). Luego del proceso de validación, el instrumento quedó conformado por 20 reactivos. Como resultado, se obtuvieron una valoración positiva del instrumento por medio del juicio de expertos y una fiabilidad casi perfecta (α = 0,96) a través del alfa de Cronbach; en el caso del análisis factorial exploratorio, se obtuvo la matriz de correlaciones con valores altos en el test de esfericidad de Bartlett (chisq = 8358,716; p-valor = 0 con df = 406; esto indica que los datos son adecuados para el AFE); y la media de suficiencia de la muestra de KMO, cuyo valor fue 0,98, lo que indica que las correlaciones entre las variables y sus correlaciones parciales (29 reactivos) fueron excelentes. Se concluye que esta nueva escala es confiable y válida para ser aplicada en otros estudios en contextos empresariales.O presente estudo visava desenvolver e validar uma escala para medir competências de liderança num ambiente de trabalho remoto; a população consistia em 556 empregados de dez empresas dos sectores da educação, têxtil, telecomunicações, consultoria e comércio nas regiões de Lima, Arequipa, Cusco, Puno e Tacna no Peru; o instrumento consistia inicialmente em 29 itens que passaram por três fases: juízo de peritos, Alfa de Cronbach e o índice KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) para a Análise dos Factores Exploratórios. Após o processo de validação, o instrumento consistiu em 20 itens, resultando numa avaliação positiva do instrumento através do julgamento de peritos; uma fiabilidade quase perfeita (α = 0,96) através do Alfa de Cronbach e para a Análise Exploratória de Factores (EFA) a matriz de correlação foi obtida com valores elevados no teste de esfericidade de Bartlett (chisq = 8358). 716, valor de p = 0 com df = 406; o que indica que os dados são adequados para a AAE) e a média de suficiência da amostra KMO cujo valor foi 0,98, o que indica que as correlações entre as variáveis e as suas correlações parciais (29 itens) foram excelentes. Conclui-se que esta nova escala é fiável e válida para ser aplicada em outros estudos em contextos empresariais

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p&lt;0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (&lt;1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (&lt;1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

El desempeño docente en el bachillerato tecnológico: Un análisis estadístico de datos categóricos

The practices of evaluation of the teaching performance by students in the institutions of thehigh school level have increasedduring the lastdecade; however, at present there are subsystems that do not have questionnaires or other instruments to assess, measure or evaluate the teaching function in the classroom; this is the case of the Centers of Technological High Schoolof the State of Mexico. The purpose of this research is to present the results of the evaluation of teaching performance from the perspective of the student in the technological high schools, through a proposal of a questionnaire with multiple choice during the school year 2015-2016. The statistical treatment of the information was carried out through the analysis of categorical data considering the generalized linear models for nominal and ordinal scale variables using the RCommander software. The sample consists of 100 teachers from ten technological high schools of theschool zone 021,who were evaluated by a total of 1000 studentsLas prácticas de evaluación del desempeño docente por alumnos en las instituciones del nivel medio superior han tenido un incremento durante la última década; sin embargo, en la actualidad existen subsistemas que no cuentan con cuestionarios u otros instrumentos para valorar, medir o evaluar la función docente en el aula; tal es el caso de los Centros de Bachillerato Tecnológico del Estado de México. La finalidad que se persigue en esta investigación consiste en presentar los resultados de la evaluación del desempeño docente desde la perspectiva del estudiante en los bachilleratos tecnológicos, mediante una propuesta de un cuestionario con opción múltiple durante el ciclo escolar 2015-2016. El tratamiento estadístico de la información se realizó a través del análisis de datos categóricos considerando los modelos lineales generalizados para variables de escala nominal y ordinal utilizando el software RCommander. La muestra se compone de 100 docentes de diez bachilleratos tecnológicos de la zona escolar 021 los cuales fueron evaluados por un total de 1 000 estudiantes

XIV Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. ACTAS

La presente publicación recoge los resúmenes de todas las ponencias presentadas oralmente en la decimocuarta edición del Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo (SIIU), celebrada en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) y presentadas durante los días 16 y 17 de junio de 2022. El Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo tuvo su origen en el año 2007, como iniciativa de un grupo de profesores y doctorandos del Departamento de Urbanismo y Ordenación del Territorio de la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya. Este seminario, originalmente interno y dirigido a investigadores en formación, pretendía ser un espacio de encuentro anual de los doctorandos del programa para debatir y recibir feedback sobre sus trabajos. Su condición pionera, como espacio de reflexión en torno a temas sobre la ciudad, el territorio y el paisaje en el ámbito hispanoamericano, provocó que muy pronto excediera el ámbito local y se transformara en un espacio de interés internacional. Por esta razón, a partir de la quinta edición, celebrada en 2013, se realiza cada año de manera conjunta entre la sede de Barcelona (Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña) y una sede latinoamericana. Hasta ahora han sido sede del SIIU en América, al otro lado del Atlántico: Buenos Aires, Córdoba (Argentina), Santiago de Chile, Bogotá, São Paulo, Camboriú y Curitiba. Asimismo, a partir del año 2020, el gran interés que estaba generando de este lado del Atlántico impulsa su realización en universidades de la Península Ibérica en conjunto con la UPC. De esta manera, Lisboa fue ese año la sede que, en colaboración con Barcelona, acogió el seminario, con el fin de responder al gran interés que éste tiene en el ámbito lusitano. Y en junio de 2022, Madrid ha sido la sede del seminario en España, con la voluntad de estrechar lazos entre dos de las escuelas de arquitectura más importantes del país, y compartir experiencias y miradas sobre los temas relacionados con el urbanismo. Del otro lado del Atlántico, Curitiba fue la sede latinoamericana que, con gran éxito, celebró la segunda parte del evento en la semana siguiente al evento de Madrid

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care