El lenguaje de la inclusión: un aprendizaje de doble vía en el ámbito universitario / The language of the inclusión: a learning of doublé way in the university setting

El presente artículo desea contribuir a la reflexión sobre algunos de los aspectos que se dan entorno a la discriminación, partiendo de un recorrido teórico sobre la temática y  proyectado en una experiencia piloto realizada por estudiantes de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) que viven algún tipo de discapacidad.  La experiencia fue  coordinada por el Departamento de Bienestar Estudiantil con el objetivo central de visibilizar y analizar una realidad diversa y poco tratada, para la construcción de una universidad inclusiva.En la primera parte se desarrolla la base teórica sobre la discriminación y el derecho a la inclusión para decantar en una reflexión en torno a los procesos de alteridad en el ámbito universitario.  En la segunda parte, se  presentan resultados  sobre la sistematización de la experiencia referida, a partir de los cuales se colocan pistas para la discusión y se establecen reflexiones finales

Condición física de futbolistas adultos y jóvenes de un equipo profesional de Nicaragua

En la actualidad, el fútbol es un deporte que demanda un alto desempeño físico, por lo que conocer las características de la condición física en las distintas categorías de desarrollo se hace fundamental para conducir un óptimo proceso de entrenamiento, de modo que, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la condición física de futbolistas de un club profesional de Nicaragua, según la categoría de edad en las cuales se desempeñaban. El presente es un estudio de tipo descriptivo, comparativo, de la condición física de 187 futbolistas, de edades entre 13 y 31 años, distribuidos por categoría según año de nacimiento y plantel profesional. El grupo PRO presenta mayor rendimiento en comparación a las categorías U13, U15, U17 y U21 (p < 0,001) en tiempo sprint lineal 10 metros (F = 71 y TE = 0,71), 30 metros (F = 85 y TE = 0,70), velocidad de tiro (F = 171 y TE = 0,81), Tiempo en test agilidad de Illinois (F = 77 y TE = 0,72) y metros recorridos en Yo-Yo de recuperación intermitente nivel 1 (F = 121 y TE = 0,73). Se puede concluir que existe un mayor rendimiento de los aspectos físicos por parte de las categorías de mayor edad. Estos resultados pueden servir de referencia o de parámetros de comparación de rendimiento físico de jugadores jóvenes y adultos a nivel nacional de Nicaragua

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Imaginarios y prácticas de participación ciudadana para el control de la gestión pública

This research identifies the imaginary and present practices around the citizen participation in public management control to determine those that facilitate this task, or conversely, the more difficult. Presumably this relationship otherness between these two subjects occurs, and will be important in the context of imaginary identified, reflect on this otherness, ie analyze the anthropological question proposed Krotz, one of the authors what this research is based; This is complemented by analyzing the density or social citizenship status given by Aquín (2003). To identify the mentioned elements are part of a theoretical route posed subjects are carriers of needs and capabilities that have to be met and developed respectively; for which they require social conditions: material, cultural and good governance. These conditions have to be built in co-responsibility by the State and citizens, the latter from the social control. It is through this route that these imaginary and practices to reflect on the anthropological question are identified, however, to have the necessary and sufficient elements, field work was aimed to investigate the interviewed some key aspects: how mean the rights issue (meaning, experiences, conditions for exercising rights, effect of exercise of rights); how mean the social control of public management; and how they look at themselves and how they look on the other, in the context of control practices of governance.Esta investigación identifica los imaginarios y prácticas presentes en torno a la participación ciudadana para el control de la gestión pública, para determinar aquellos que facilitan esta tarea, o por el contrario, los dificultan. Es de suponer que en esta relación se produce una alteridad entre estos dos sujetos, y será importante, en el contexto de los imaginarios identificados, reflexionar respecto a esta alteridad, es decir, analizar la pregunta antropológica que propone Krotz, uno de los autores en lo que se sustenta esta investigación; lo que se complementa analizando la densidad o estado de la ciudadanía social propuesta por Aquín (2003). Para identificar los elementos comentados, se parte de un recorrido teórico que plantea que los sujetos son portadores de necesidades y capacidades que tienen que ser satisfechas y desarrolladas respectivamente; para lo cual requieren de condiciones sociales: materiales, culturales y una buena gestión pública. Estas condiciones tienen que ser construidas corresponsablemente por el Estado y por la ciudadanía, esta última desde el control social. Es a través de este recorrido que se identifican estos imaginarios y prácticas para reflexionar sobre la pregunta antropológica, no obstante, para disponer de los elementos necesarios y suficientes, el trabajo de campo estuvo orientado a indagar con los entrevistados algunos aspectos claves: cómo significan el tema de los derechos (significado, experiencias, condiciones para ejercer derechos, efecto del ejercicio de derechos); cómo significan el control social de la gestión pública; y cómo se miran a sí mismo y cómo miran al otro, en el contexto de prácticas de control de la gestión pública

El lenguaje de la inclusión: un aprendizaje de doble vía en el ámbito universitario

El presente artículo desea contribuir a la reflexión sobre algunos de los aspectos que se dan entorno a la discriminación, partiendo de un recorrido teórico sobre la temática y  proyectado en una experiencia piloto realizada por estudiantes de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) que viven algún tipo de discapacidad.  La experiencia fue  coordinada por el Departamento de Bienestar Estudiantil con el objetivo central de visibilizar y analizar una realidad diversa y poco tratada, para la construcción de una universidad inclusiva.En la primera parte se desarrolla la base teórica sobre la discriminación y el derecho a la inclusión para decantar en una reflexión en torno a los procesos de alteridad en el ámbito universitario.  En la segunda parte, se  presentan resultados  sobre la sistematización de la experiencia referida, a partir de los cuales se colocan pistas para la discusión y se establecen reflexiones finales

Comparison of Match Load and Wellness between Friendly and World Cup Matches in Elite Female Soccer Players

(1) Objetive: Compare the internal load (ILO), external load (ELO) and wellness (WS) between official preparation friendly matches (FM) and France 2019 women world cup (WWC) matches in female soccer players. (2) Methods: Ten field players of the Chilean national football team (age 27 &plusmn; 3.4 years, height 162.8 &plusmn; 4.32 cm, weight 60.5 &plusmn; 4.6 kg, fat percentage 24.7 &plusmn; 1.62% and muscle percentage 49.2 &plusmn; 1.63%) participated in the study. Participants were compared across three FM before the world cup and three matches of the group stages in the WWC in June 2019. Both, ELO and ILO were recorded using GPS (Catapult Sports&reg;, 10 Hz) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE), respectively. In addition, wellness was analyzed via personal questionnaire at 24 and 48 h after match. The intra subject difference was analyzed with a Student&rsquo;s t-test for related samples. (3) Results: Moderate differences were observed between WWC and FM for total and relative total distance covered [TD and TDr, respectively] (p = 0.025, ES = &minus;0.74 and p = 0.017, ES = &minus;0.6). In addition, a non-significant (p = 0.088; ES = &minus;0.43) larger high-intensity distance (HSR) was also found for WWC. Likewise, greater RPE was observed in WWC (p = 0.001; ES = &minus;1.50) when compared to FM. Finally, significantly better wellness scores were shown for FM at stress ST24h, fatigue FT48h, and muscle pain MS48h (p = 0.038; ES = 0.72, p = 0.066; ES = 0.71; and p = 0.63; ES = 0.77) when compared to WWC matches. (4) Conclusion: It was concluded that ELO and ILO were greater at WWC soccer matches, whereas WS scores were better for FM. Moreover, ILO measures (i.e., TD, HSR and TDr) were greater in WWC, which could be at least in part, be the reason behind the differences in the values reported in the wellness questionnaires at 24 and 48 h after the match

Thermal Energy Storage by the Encapsulation of Phase Change Materials in Building Elements—A Review

The energy sector is one of the fields of interest for different nations around the world. Due to the current fossil fuel crisis, the scientific community develops new energy-saving experiences to address this concern. Buildings are one of the elements of higher energy consumption, so the generation of knowledge and technological development may offer solutions to this energy demand, which are more than welcome. Phase change materials (PCMs) included in building elements such as wall panels, blocks, panels or coatings, for heating and cooling applications have been shown, when heating, to increase the heat storage capacity by absorbing heat as latent heat. Therefore, the use of latent heat storage systems using phase change materials (PCMs) has been investigated within the last two decades. In the present review, the macro and micro encapsulation methods for construction materials are reviewed, the former being the most viable method of inclusion of PCMs in construction elements. In addition, based on the analysis of the existing papers on the encapsulation process of PCMs, the importance to pay more attention to the bio-based PCMs is shown, since more research is needed to process such PCMs. To determine its thermophysical and mechanical behavior at the micro and macro levels, in order to see the feasibility of substituting petroleum-based PCMs with a more environmentally friendly bio-based one, a section devoted to the excellent PCM with lightweight aggregate (PCM-LWA concrete) is presented due to the lack of description given in other reviews