Fortificación, biodisponibilidad y especiación del selenio en leche de vaca

En este estudio se ha llevado a cabo la determinación de la concentración de selenio en leche de vaca mediante generación de hidruros espectrometría de absorción atómica y generación de hidruros espectrometría fluorescencia atómica. Para ello se ha optimizado la preparación de la muestra que nos permita generar el hidruro de selenio y cuantificarlo posteriormente

Posiciones de la Alianza de Pequeños Estados Insulares en las negociaciones bajo la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático, periodo 2016-2022

This study aims to analyze the positions of the Alliance of Small Island States in the negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, between the years 2016-2022. Its results indicate that this international actor promoted, in the period under study, criteria to achieve a closure of the gap between mitigation commitments and the objective of limiting the global temperature increase to 1.5°C, and considerations on the improvement of action in matters of loss and damage. In general, the conclusion is reached that the negotiating positions evidenced high activism and leadership, influence in the formation of the international climate agenda, the advancement of their negotiating priorities, and a tendency to promote more energetic and ambitious decisions on mitigation and loss and damage. In addition, it is proven that the Alliance has become a notable actor in the negotiations that take place under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.El presente trabajo pretende analizar las posiciones de la Alianza de Pequeños Estados Insulares en las negociaciones bajo la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático, entre los años 2016-2022. Sus resultados indican que este actor internacional impulsó, en el periodo objeto de estudio, criterios para lograr un cierre de la brecha entre los compromisos de mitigación y el objetivo de limitación del aumento de temperatura mundial a 1,5°C, y consideraciones sobre el mejoramiento de la acción en materia de pérdidas y daños. De manera general, se arriba a la conclusión de que las posiciones negociadoras evidenciaron un alto activismo y liderazgo, influencia en la conformación de la agenda climática internacional, el avance de sus prioridades negociadoras, y una tendencia a impulsar decisiones más enérgicas y ambiciosas en materia de mitigación y pérdidas y daños. Asimismo, se comprueba que la Alianza se ha convertido en un actor notable en las negociaciones que acontecen al amparo de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático

Differences in the Clinical Profile and Management of Atrial Fibrillation According to Gender. Results of the REgistro GallEgo Intercéntrico de Fibrilación Auricular (REGUEIFA) Trial

[Abstract] To analyze the clinical profile and therapeutic strategy in atrial fibrillation (AF) according to gender in a contemporaneous patient cohort a prospective, multicenter observational study was performed on consecutive patients diagnosed with AF and assessed by cardiology units in the region of Galicia (Spain). A total of 1007 patients were included, of which 32.3% were women. The mean age of the women was significantly greater than that of the men (71.6 versus 65.7 years; p < 0.001), with a higher prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and valve disease. Women more often reported symptoms related to arrhythmia (28.2% in EHRA class I versus 36.4% in men), with a poorer level of symptoms (EHRA classes IIb and III). Thromboembolic risk was significantly higher among women (CHA2DS2-VASc 3 ± 1.3 versus 2 ± 1.5), in the same way as bleeding risk (HAS-BLED 0.83 ± 0.78 versus 0.64 ± 0.78) (p < 0.001), and women more often received anticoagulation therapy (94.1% versus 87.6%; p = 0.001). Rhythm control strategies proved significantly less frequent in women (55.8% versus 66.6%; p = 0.001), with a lesser electrical cardioversion (ECV) rate (18.4% versus 27.3%; p = 0.002). Perceived health status was poorer in women. Women were older and presented greater comorbidity than men, with a greater thromboembolic and bleeding risk. Likewise, rhythm control strategies were less frequent than in men, despite the fact that women had poorer perceived quality of life and were more symptomatic

Use of absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge in postoperative care of the vascular pedicle of interpolated flaps

Interpolated flaps are among the most important and functional flaps in reconstructive plastic surgery, representing a safe option even in the most difficult cases. The pedicle of the interpolated flap requires a dressing to avoid bleeding and local contamination. This dressing often fails to prevent minor bleedings, which occurs within the first 24-48 hours. As a result, it needs to be continuously changed, from three to five times on average. The technique proposed in this study consists in a direct application of a GELFOAM® layer. This is subsequently wrapped with petroleum gauze to prevent bleeding of the open area in the pedicle flap, improving hemostasis and reducing the manipulation of the vascular pedicle

Evaluación de antígenos recombinantes en la prueba de interferón gamma en bovinos tuberculosos no reactores a la prueba tuberculínica

La tuberculosis se encuentra presente en rodeos bovinos de nuestro país, impactando a nivel de los sistemas de producción de cría y lecheros por disminuir la eficiencia productiva de los animales infectados e imponer restricciones al comercio internacional de productos cárnicos, lecheros y sus derivados. A su vez, constituye un problema de salud pública por tratarse de una zoonosis. A nivel internacional, se ha demostrado que la prueba intradérmica de la tuberculina es eficaz en la identificación de los animales infectados por M. bovis, el agente causal de la tuberculosis bovina (TBB), siendo la prueba oficial a nivel local que se emplea en el marco del plan de control y erradicación (SENASA, Resol. 128/12)1. Sin embargo, existen animales que por diferentes causas si bien están infectados no reaccionan a dicha prueba, representando un problema para aquellos establecimientos que entran en etapa de saneamiento. Estos animales constituyen potenciales focos de infección ya que pueden ser excretores de la micobacteria. La determinación de liberación de interferón gamma (IFN-ɣ) es una técnica que puede emplearse de manera complementaria a la prueba intradérmica de la tuberculina. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la determinación de IFN-ɣ, utilizando como inmunógeno proteínas recombinantes de M. bovis con el fin de estudiar la capacidad de detección de animales no reactores a la prueba tuberculinica en rodeos en saneamiento.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Ferrara Muñiz, Ximena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Garbaccio, Sergio Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Fernando Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Garro, Carlos Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Huertas, Pablo Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Marfil, Maria Jimena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Zumarraga, Martin Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Eirin, Maria Emilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentin

Salud mental en víctimas de la violencia armada en Bojayá (Chocó, Colombia)

ABSTRACT: Purpose: To describe the mental health status of victims of an armed combat in the state of Chocó (Colombia). Method: A description of the mental disorders associated with a traumatic experience lived on May 2nd 2002 (Bojayá township- Colombia), as a consequence of an armed confrontation, resulting in 119 persons dead and 98 injured. Analytic level methodology, with case control design, was used. A non random sample of 40 civilian adults, mean age 35 years, was studied. Of these, 19 persons returned to their place of origin and 21 persons remained in Quibdó (state capital) were evaluated. The case group consisted of a total of 15 persons with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the control group included 25 persons without PTSD diagnosis. The instrument used for evaluation was the structured interview pro– tocol M.I.N.I applied one year after the tragic event. Results: Disorders that showed greater association with PTSD were: Social Phobia (p=0.001, OR 26.29), Actual Panic Disorder (p=0.008, OR 15.33), Occasional Panic Disorder (p=0.019, OR 8.25), and Agoraphobia without Panic History (p=0.024, OR=11.50). The prevalence of was high for the following disorders, without significant differences between groups: Major Depression (MD) (37% cases and 38% controls), Suicide Risk (37% y 62% respectively), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (47% and 38% respectively). Conclusions: Victims of armed violence who suffer PTSD are at high risk of presenting other anxiety disorders such as social phobias, GAD, and panic attacks.RESUMEN: Establecer el estado de salud mental de las víctimas de la violencia armada en Bojayá. Método: Descripción de trastornos mentales asociados con la experiencia vivida el 2 de mayo de 2002 en Bojayá, donde en un enfrentamiento armado murieron 119 personas y 98 resultaron heridas. Estudio de tipo analítico de casos y controles. Muestra no aleatoria de 40 civiles adultos, promedio de 35 años; 21 permanecían desplazados en Quibdó (Chocó) y 19 retornaron a Bojayá. Grupo casos conformado por 15 personas expuestas con trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), y grupo control con 25 sin TEPT. Se empleó la mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) un año después de los hechos. Resultados: 37% de los participantes presentó TEPT (todos retornaron a Bojayá). Los trastornos que mostraron mayor asociación con el TEPT (grupo casos) fueron la fobia social (p=0,001, RD 26,29) y trastornos por angustia (TA): TA actual (p=0,008, RD 15,33), TA alguna vez (p=0,019, RD 8,25) y agorafobia sin historia de angustia (p=0,024, RD 11,50). Sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos, el porcentaje fue alto en depresión mayor (DM) (37% casos y 38% controles), riesgo de suicidio (37% y 62%, respectivamente), trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) (47% y 38%, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Son frecuentes el TEPT, el TAG, el DM y el riesgo suicidio en las víctimas de violencia armada. Los trastornos por angustia y la fobia social pueden considerarse factores de riesgo al TEP

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file