How to Develop Teachers’ Mathematical Molding Teaching Skills

This study aimed at developing some of the mathematical modelling skills necessary for the student teachers in mathematics education College. Modeling involves making genuine choices, modeling problems have many possible justifiable answers, modeling problems matter to the end-user who needs to understand something or make a decision. modeling presents problem solving as a creative, iterative process. and it is inherently a team sport. To achieve this aim, the following main question was answered: How can we develop the mathematical modelling skills for the student teacher. The sample of the study consisted of 35 students in the fourth-year in the department of mathematics education The researcher used a mathematical modelling scale which consisted of: evaluating test for students' mathematical modelling skills. measuring student’s attitude towards suggested program of mathematical modelling which consisted of four units Using mathematical modelling to solving some problems. Modelling the data. Mathematical modelling and operation research. Mathematical modelling using “Mathematica software Program” . After Applying the designed mathematical modelling, comparing the pretest and the post tests, the outcomes showed that there was lack of the student teachers’ competence in the ' mathematical modelling in the pre- test. In the post- application the test showed that there was improvement in the student teachers' mathematical modelling skills.  The statistical analysis verified the effectiveness of the suggested program in developing student teachers' mathematical modelling skills in the department of mathematics and teaching mathematical modeling in a regular basis in the department is not applicable ,since many of the professors do not prefer a mathematical modeling so there should be  more studies to be conducted in the field of mathematical modelling, focusing on higher-order thinking skills and a continuous developing of student preparation Programs in the Faculty of Education. Keywords: Mathematical Modeling ,Mathematical mode

Gender Selection: A Position Statement

Gender selection is the ability to choose a girl or a boy before you get pregnant. Some methods are used to assist in changing the odds towards the gender being selected. Methods such as selective abortion and infanticide resulted in birth ratios as high as 130 males per 100 females in some countries. Gender selection is surrounded with many debates. The purpose of this position statement is to present opponents and proponents’ viewpoints regarding gender selection. More to be done in this regard such as: the decisiveness of couples and physicians in issues related to gender selection; centers providing gender selection must keep a balanced gender ratio within the center; gender selection should only be done after proper informative and implicative counseling about many issues such as how to use healthy embryos of the unwanted gender in research, or their donation to infertile couples, or their transfer to the genetic mother. Keywords: gender selection, position statement, proponents, opponent

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order among Terminally Ill Patients with Cancer: A Position Statement

End-of-life (EOL) care takes an important place in critical care settings. Of it, one of the most serious and arguable decision is the Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order. The DNR is a legal order written by a licensed physician in consultation with the patients or their surrogate decision makers, in which the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is withhold at the time of cardiac or respiratory arrest. Many studies reported that many inpatient deaths had a DNR order. The purpose of this position statement paper is to present proponents and opponents’ viewpoints regarding the DNR orders for terminally ill patients with cancer. Proponents of the DNR order reported that it is a form of treatment that protects patients’ rights, and allows the terminally ill cancer patients to die peacefully without undergoing futile resuscitation attempts. Opponents of the DNR order are concerned with the protection and preservation of life of the terminally ill cancer patients. The current author is against the DNR order based on the patients’ right for sanctity of life, and the Islamic views of human life. Keywords: Do Not Resuscitate, Do Not Resuscitate Order, DNR, Cancer, Position Statement, Proponents, Opponents

The Use Of Physical Restraint: An Argumentative Essay

This study was conducted to review the literature about the use of physical restraints as an argumentative issue. The use of physical restraints has been reported with varying prevalence from 41% to 64% according to epidemiological studies. In this study, the author reviewed the opinions of the opponent and proponent viewpoints regarding physical restraints from legal and ethical perspectives. The ideas of proponents implied that the use of physical restraints offers protection for patients and others as well as ensures introducing good treatment. On the other hand, the opponents think that the use of physical restraints is not well safe and associated with legal and ethical issues. Furthermore, psychological injuries and mental problems have been reported to be associated with the use of physical restraints. The author agrees with the opponents and does not support the use of physical restraints because it involves ethical, legal and health impacts

Intention to get COVID-19 Vaccine and Trust in the Government: Policy Matters

Background: Building trust in the government and intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 is as important as developing a safe vaccine to contain the pandemic. Purpose: The study aimed to examine the associations between the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 and the people’s trust in the government, and compare both concepts based on the subject’s characteristics. Methods: This is a part of a large-scale cross-sectional study that employed a web-based survey conducted in 2021. The study utilized data collected on the main study variables using questionnaires from a convenient sample of 281 Jordanian subjects. Bivariate statistics were employed with .05 as a significance level. Results: Trust in the government scores were significantly different based on gender and marital status. As mistrust in the government increases, subjects tend to accept the vaccine. Female subjects tend to trust the government but have low intention to get vaccinated than male subjects. Married subjects tend to have higher mistrust of the government than single subjects. Subjects who agree with the statement “herd immunity would be beneficial for COVID-19 and this fact is covered up” and "the government restrictions are stronger than is needed" had a higher intention to get vaccinated scores than those who disagree with it. Conclusions: To build and maintain the trust of the public, the government needs to enhance its efforts in publicizing information on the pandemic and employ strategies for improved communication management to the public through social media and mainstream information sources and healthcare providers, especially those who are in the front lines healthcare providers. Policy-makers should employ strategies to improve communication management to the public and rebuild trust in the government during the COVID-19 pandemic. Longitudinal studies with more representative samples are recommended. &nbsp

Cancer Patients Who Elect Euthanasia as an Option: An Argumentative Essay

Euthanasia has initiated a debate in many countries on whether ending a patient's life intentionally who suffers from a terminal stage cancer should be lawful or not. This topic has recently gained much attention. This controversial issue was raised because of the few existing countries that have passed legislation. This argumentative essay defends the author's position regarding euthanasia in oncology patients and reviews both opponents and proponents point of views, taking into consideration the legal and ethical perspectives regarding euthanasia. The current authors are against all types of euthanasia, and do not support the legislation of euthanasia in Jordan. The authors, in their defence against legalizing euthanasia, provide four main arguments (religion, slippery slope, reliance, and palliative care) as an opposition stand to persuade readers with their position. A suggestion has been made throughout several recommendations in an effort to resolve the furthermost important ethical and legal debates around euthanasia. The authors conclude that there is no agreement on whether euthanasia should be legislated or not. The opposing side has reasoned that it was contrary to religious jurisprudence and against established basic public taboo. Alternatively, the proponent side reasoned that the patients' autonomy for decision-making had to be respected, which would allow euthanasia to give the patients a means to end suffering and pain

Children Predictive Genetic Test for Hereditary Cancer: A Position Statement

Predictive genetic testing for children is charged with controversy since development of the bacterial inhibition to test phenylketonuria by Robert Guthrie in 1960s. Hereditary cancer accounts approximately 5% to 10% of all cancer. Predictive genetic testing to detect cancer risk for children in advance is surrounding with many problems and debates. Through review the opponents and proponents of researchers about this debatable issue, the purpose of this position statement is to argue and support predictive genetic testing for children in order to prevention, early detection, and management of cancer. Predictive genetic test for children to detect hereditary cancer is a very important aspect for primary health care centers that focus on prevention of diseases rather than treatment. Based on this review paper, more need to be done in the areas of health care procedures legislations, disease prevention and community awareness when it comes to fighting cancer disease through any type of these pre-symptomatic procedures like predictive genetic testing for children

Evaluating the organisational climate in Italian public healthcare institutions by means of a questionnaire

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>By means of the ICONAS project, the Healthcare Agency of an Italian Region developed, and used a standardised questionnaire to quantify the organisational climate. The aims of the project were (a) to investigate whether the healthcare institutions were interested in measuring climate, (b) to estimate the range of applicability and reliability of the instrument, (c) to analyse the dimensions of climate among healthcare personnel, (d) to assess the differences among employees with different contractual positions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The anonymous questionnaire containing 50 items, each with a scale from 1 to 10, was offered to the healthcare organisations, to be compiled during ad hoc meetings. The data were sent to the central project coordinator. The differences between highly specialised staff (mostly physicians) and other employees were assessed after descriptive statistical analysis of the single items. Both Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis were used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ten healthcare organisations agreed to partecipate. The questionnaire was completed by 8691 employees out of 13202. The mean value of organisational climate was 4.79 (range 1–10). There were significant differences among single items and between the 2 groups of employees. Multivariate methods showed: (a) one principal component explained > 40% of the variance, (b) 7 factors summarised the data.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Italian healthcare institutions are interested in assessing organisational phenomena, especially after the reforms of the nineties. The instrument was found to be applicable and suitable for measuring organisational climate. Administration of the questionnaire leads to an acceptable response rate. Climate can be discribed by means of 7 underlying dimensions.</p