Vulnérabilités Environnementales Face A La Coproduction Des Services De Base En Eau Potable, Electricité Et Assainissement Dans Les Quartiers Batumona A Kimbanseke Et Talangay A N’Sele A Kinshasa-Est/ Rd Congo

Le sous-équipement, la destruction rapide du cadre de vie, l’inaccessibilité aux services de base et les vulnérabilités sont les problèmes environnementaux rencontrés dans les quartiers BATUMONA à Kimbanseke et TALANGAY à N’sele dans partie-Est de la ville de Kinshasa et méritent des solutions appropriées, pour espérer aux lendemains durables dans l’aire d’étude. Les mauvaises conditions d’approvisionnement en eau potable, électricité et assainissement dans les sites étudiés sont à la base de dysfonctionnement actuel dans les sites étudiés et risque de provoquer plus tard leurs isolements.                   Par ailleurs, l’étude précise que le phénomène de vulnérabilité est très peu connu sur le plan scientifique et trop peu pris en compte par les décideurs et autres acteurs des dynamiques urbaines sur le continent africain en général et en particulier en République Démocratique du Congo GUIGMA & ali.,(2015), MPIANA TSHITENGE, (2015) & KABUYAYA,(2015). Les études réalisées par plusieurs auteurs précisent que posséder une connaissance relative au phénomène des vulnérabilités environnementales exigent de s’intéresser tant aux causes qu’aux conséquences de ce phénomène.               Ce phénomène résulte d’une problématique complémentaire qui se rapporte aux effets socio-économiques et environnementaux de la production de l’urbanisation et de la périurbanisation. Il s’agit là de la problématique émergente de l’efficacité urbaine, qui n’est d’autre que la manière dont l’organisation de l’espace urbain produit des effets souhaités sur le triple volet social, économique et environnemental MESSINA, (2018). En rapport avec les résultats de l’étude, l’on peut considérer que dans la perception du concept de vulnérabilité environnementale, les conditions environnementales immédiates des sujets enquêtés ont beaucoup joué dans le contenu formulé sous le concept. Les précarités urbaines et plusieurs manifestations de catastrophes et risques environnementaux auxquels sont confrontés plusieurs enquêtés ont élevé les scores de deux principales assertions, à savoir : difficulté d’accès aux services de base et conditions de vie déplorables ainsi que l’exposition aux catastrophes naturelles. Les autres scores, non négligeables sont accidentels et dépendent de plusieurs contextes familiaux rencontrés par les ménages enquêtés

Narrative accounts of the involvement of victims and perpetrators in mob-justice related incidents : a Limpopo case study

Increasing incidents of mob justice have left a trail of murders that remain unsolved in the rural areas of South Africa. As such, little attention has been given to the experiences of victims and perpetrators involved in mob justice related incidents in these areas in particular. The purpose of this study was to examine narrative accounts of the experiences of victims and perpetrators engaged in mob justice associated incidents in the Diphale village, Limpopo. Twenty participants, consisting of 14 perpetrators and 06 victims, were chosen through sampling techniques, like, convenience and snowball sampling. A qualitative approach was adopted using semi-structured interviews as the key research instrument. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with 09 perpetrators, and two focus groups involving 06 victims and 05 perpetrators. Data was analysed using thematic analysis to interpret data collected from the participants. The findings indicated that unsolved crime leads to persistent mob justice activities in the Diphale village. The findings in the study were further bolstered through the provision of recommendations aimed at preventing future mob justice activities. The recommendations highlight proper service delivery, including community development, and the reduction of corruption and bribery.Criminology and Security ScienceM.A. (Criminology

Adult fly age estimations using cuticular hydrocarbons and Artificial Neural Networks in forensically important Calliphoridae species

Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are forensically important as they are known to be one of the first to colonise human remains. The larval stage is typically used to assist a forensic entomologists with adult flies rarely used as they are difficult to age because they remain morphologically similar once they have gone through the initial transformation upon hatching. However, being able to age them is of interest and importance within the field. This study examined the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) of Diptera: Calliphoridae species Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina and Calliphora vomitoria. The CHCs were extracted from the cuticles of adult flies and analysed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). The chemical profiles were examined for the two Calliphora species at intervals of day 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 and up to day 10 for L. sericata. The results show significant chemical changes occurring between the immature and mature adult flies over the extraction period examined in this study. With the aid of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), samples were seen to cluster, allowing for the age to be established within the aforementioned time frames. The use of ANNs allowed for the automatic classification of novel samples with very good performance. This was a proof of concept study, which developed a method allowing to age post-emergence adults by using their chemical profiles

Cuticular Compounds Bring New Insight in the Post-Glacial Recolonization of a Pyrenean Area: Deutonura deficiens Deharveng, 1979 Complex, a Case Study

Background: In most Arthropod groups, the study of systematics and evolution rely mostly on neutral characters, in this context cuticular compounds, as non-neutral characters, represent an underexplored but potentially informative type of characters at the infraspecific level as they have been routinely proven to be involved in sexual attraction. Methods and Findings: The collembolan species complex Deutonura deficiens was chosen as a model in order to test the utility of these characters for delineating four infraspecific entities of this group. Specimens were collected for three subspecies (D. d. deficiens, D. d. meridionalis, D. d. sylvatica) and two morphotypes (D. d. sylvatica morphoype A and B) of the complex; an additional species D. monticola was added. Cuticular compounds were extracted and separated by gas chromatography for each individual. Our results demonstrate that cuticular compounds succeeded in separating the different elements of this complex. Those data allowed also the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships among them. Conclusions: The discriminating power of cuticular compounds is directly related to their involvement in sexual attraction and mate recognition. These findings allowed a discussion on the potential involvement of intrinsic and paleoclimatic factors in the origin and the diversification of this complex in the Pyrenean zone. This character type brings the first advanc

Gendered lived experiences’ of victims of mob justice rleated incidents

Increasing incidents of victims being attacked in mob justice incidents have been documented in th e townships and rural areas of South Africa. Victims of these incidents are often accused of theft, rape, murder, gang or cartel involvement and mostly ‘nyaope’ addicts. The mob attacks often arise spontaneously after the victim is hunted down based on a suspicion or were caught in the act by community members. The victims are often attacked and killed through numerous methods of killings such as necklacing, stoning, beatings and assaults. Such attacks can be directed towards the victim, family members or through damage of property. However, there seems to be limited literature on the experiences of victims of mob justice incidents in South Africa. This is due to the fact that some victims of mob justice do not survive mob justice incidents. Moreover, victims of such incidents and their experiences have been largely ignored or overshadowed by the public’s perception that they are criminals and there fore deserve punishment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the narratives of victims that survived mob justice related incidents in order to understand their experiences. The study employed a qualitative approach using narrative analysis so that victims can narrate on their experiences in mob justice incidents. Furthermore, data was collected using semi structured interviews to gather in-depth information on their experiences as direct victims of mob justice. Data was further interpreted using thematic analysis to organise and analyse themes that emerged from the interviews

Ontogenetic study of three Calliphoridae of Forensic importance through cuticular hydrocarbon analysis

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