27 research outputs found
Comparison of Different Sampling Methods to Catch Lymphatic Filariasis Vectors in a Sudan Savannah Area of Mali
There is a need for better tools to monitor the transmission of lymphatic filariasis and malaria in areas undergoing interventions to interrupt transmission. Therefore, mosquito collection methods other than human landing catch (HLC) are needed. This study aimed to compare the Ifakara tent trap type C (ITTC) and the Biogents sentinel trap (BGST) to the HLC in areas with different vector densities. Mosquitoes were collected in two villages in Mali from July to December in 2011 and 2012. The three methods were implemented at each site with one ITTC, one BGST, and one HLC unit that consisted of one room with two collectorsâone indoor and the other outdoor. The Anopheles collected in 2011 were individually dissected, whereas those from 2012 were screened in pools using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine the maximum infection prevalence likelihood (MIPL) for Wuchereria bancrofti and Plasmodium falciparum. The dissection of the females also allowed to assess the parity rates, as well its results. Over the 2 years, the HLC method collected 1,019 Anopheles, yields that were 34- and 1.5-fold higher than those with the BGST and ITTC, respectively. None of the dissected Anopheles were infected. The RT-PCR results showed comparable MIPL between HLC and ITTC for W. bancrofti with one infected pool from each trapâs yield (respectively 0.03% [0.0009â0.2%] and 0.04% [0.001â0.2%]). For P. falciparum, no infected pool was recovered from BGST. The ITTC is a good alternative to HLC for xenomonitoring of program activities
Phenotypic effects of concomitant insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1 R ) and knockdown resistance (kdr R ) in Anopheles gambiae: a hindrance for insecticide resistance management for malaria vector control
Accuracy Assessment of the ESA CCI 20M Land Cover Map: Kenya, Gabon, Ivory Coast and South Africa
This working paper presents the overall and spatial accuracy assessment of the European Space Agency (ESA) 20 m prototype land cover map for Africa for four countries: Kenya, Gabon, Ivory Coast and South Africa. This accuracy assessment was undertaken as part of the ESA-funded CrowdVal project. The results varied from 44% (for South Africa) to 91% (for Gabon). In the case of Kenya (56% overall accuracy) and South Africa, these values are largely caused by the confusion between grassland and shrubland. However, if a weighted confusion matrix is used, which diminishes the importance of the confusion between grassland and shrubs, the overall accuracy for Kenya increases to 79% and for South Africa, 75%. The overall accuracy for Ivory Coast (47%) is a result of a highly fragmented land cover, which makes it a difficult country to map with remote sensing. The exception was Gabon with a high overall accuracy of 91%, but this can be explained by the high amount of tree cover across the country, which is a relatively easy class to map
O Tamasheq na convergĂȘncia com o FrancĂȘs no territĂłrio africano: caso do Mali
Esta investigação centra-se no Tamasheq na convergĂȘncia com o FrancĂȘs no
territĂłrio africano: caso do Mali. A escolha do tema justifica-se porque a ĂĄrea de
substrato Tamasheq / FrancĂȘs fundamentado na Pedagogia Convergente
permanece pouco explorada. O objetivo geral Ă© o de registrar e analisar dados sobre
o funcionamento do bilinguismo na aprendizagem de alunos cuja lĂngua nacional Ă© o
Tamasheq no contexto escolar de aulas ministradas em FrancĂȘs. O procedimento
metodolĂłgico Ă© de modalidade qualitativa, segundo Bogdan e Biklen (1982), por ser
mais apropriada Ă proposta de analisar a aprendizagem de alunos cuja lĂngua
nacional Ă© o Tamasheq no contexto escolar de aulas ministradas em francĂȘs. Os
sujeitos da pesquisa sĂŁo 5 alunos do primeiro semestre do 4Âș ano da Faculdade de
Letras, Arte, LĂnguas e CiĂȘncias Humanas da Universidade de Bamako, no Mali,
cuja lĂngua materna Ă© o Tamasheq e o FrancĂȘs a lĂngua estrangeira de sua
escolarização. A investigação constituiuâse de: busca de literatura referente Ă
Pedagogia Convergente e CompetĂȘncia em Educação; da coleta de dados por meio
de questionårio composto de questÔes abertas e fechadas. A anålise de dados das
perguntas fechadas focalizou concordĂąncias e discordĂąncias das respostas,
organizadas em Quadro, acompanhada de comentĂĄrios a respeito. A anĂĄlise das
perguntas abertas elencou o enfatizado individualmente pelos sujeitos, organizadas
em Quadro, acompanhada de comentĂĄrios a respeito. A reflexĂŁo sobre os dados
analisados, à luz da fundamentação teórica reiterou: 1) a contribuição da Pedagogia
Convergente para a qualidade da aprendizagem escolar de estudantes tamasheq; 2)
a relevĂąncia do ambiente de estudo marcado pelo ensino bilĂngue Tamasheque e
FrancĂȘs.This research focuses on the Tamasheq in convergence with the French African
territory: the Mali case. The choice of subject is justified because the substrate area
Tamasheq / French based on the Convergent Pedagogy remains little explored. The
overall goal is to record and analyze data on the operation of bilingualism in the
learning of students whose national language is Tamasheq in the school context
classes taught in French. The methodological approach is qualitative mode,
according to Bogdan and Biklen (1982), it is more appropriate to analyze the
proposed learning students whose national language is Tamasheq in the school
context classes taught in French. The subjects are five students in the first semester
of the 4th year of the Faculty of Humanities, Arts, Languages and Human Sciences
at the University of Bamako, Mali, whose native language is Tamasheq and French
foreign language of their schooling. The investigation constituted - is: literature
search related to Convergent Pedagogy and Competence in Education; data
collection through a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions. The
analysis of data from the closed questions focused agreement and disagreement
responses, organized in frame, accompanied by comments about it. The analysis of
open questions has listed the emphasized by individual subjects, organized in frame,
accompanied by comments about it. Reflection on the data analyzed in the light of
theoretical foundation reiterated: 1) the contribution of the Convergent Pedagogy for
the quality of school learning tamasheq students; 2) the relevance of the study
environment marked by bilingual education Tamasheque and French.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel Superio
Résumé La diversité floristique du Jardin botanique Roland PortÚres de l'IRAG au Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique de Sérédou en Guinée ForestiÚre
International audienceLâInstitut de Recherche Agronomique de GuinĂ©e (IRAG), par son Centre RĂ©gional de Recherche Agronomique de la GuinĂ©e ForestiĂšre (CRRA-GF), a hĂ©ritĂ© avec la station agronomique expĂ©rimentale de SĂ©rĂ©dou dâun jardin botanique crĂ©Ă© par Roland PortĂšres, agronome et pionnier de lâethnobotanique. Ce jardin botanique Ă©tait Ă lâorigine un fragment de forĂȘt dense humide naturelle,que PortĂšres a enrichi entre 1939 et 1945 en y installant diffĂ©rentes espĂšces Ă usages multiples rapportĂ©es de ses nombreuses missions. Conscient de la valeur patrimoniale de ce lieu, le CRRA-GF a entrepris il y a une quinzaine dâannĂ©es dâimportants travaux de rĂ©habilitation (subdivision en blocs, relevĂ©s floristiques, Ă©tiquetage des blocs et de certaines espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales...) ainsi que des travaux dâintroduction dâespĂšces menacĂ©es, rares et utiles (alimentaire, mĂ©dicinale, artisanal et autres), mais ces travaux nâont pu ĂȘtre poursuivis, faute de moyens financiers et matĂ©riels. Le programme SEP-2D finance le projet JaBoReVa (RĂ©habilitation et Valorisation du Jardin Botanique PortĂšres) et nous permet de reprendre et complĂ©ter ces travaux. Les activitĂ©s du projet ont portĂ© sur: (i) la rĂ©habilitation du jardin (ii) son enrichissement et (iii) sa valorisation en vue dâune ouverture au public. RĂ©habilitation:1 chemin bordure de 2865 met des allĂ©es dĂ©limitant les 113 blocs du jardinouverts, 1432 piquets de haies vives dĂ©limitant le jardinposĂ©s, 1 pancarte de signalisation, 10 pancartes dâorientationet400 Ă©tiquettes dâidentification installĂ©s.Enrichissement:1 pĂ©piniĂšre forestiĂšre permanente de 3500 mÂČcrĂ©Ă©e, 650 plantes forestiĂšres introduites.Valorisation:2 cartes du jardin tracĂ©es, 1 sentier botaniquede 3 km de long et 1,5 m de large crĂ©Ă©, 2 toilettes publiques et4 bancs installĂ©s. LeJardin Botanique est rĂ©habilitĂ©, plus de 400 espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales utiles et de conservation prioritaire de lâUnion Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature (lâUICN) et une ombriĂšre de plus de 50 espĂšces dâorchidĂ©es y sont prĂ©servĂ©es. Enfin câest un lieu ressource pour lâapprentissage et la reconnaissance des plantes utiles de la GuinĂ©e
O TAMASHEQ NA CONVERGĂNCIA COM O FRANCĂS NO TERRITĂRIO AFRICANO: CASO DO POVO TUAREGUE NO DESERTO DO SAARA, NORTE DO MALI
Esta investigação centra-se no Tamasheq na convergĂȘncia com o FrancĂȘs no territĂłrio africano (Mali). A escolha do tema justifica-se porque a ĂĄrea de substrato Tamasheq / FrancĂȘs fundamentado na Pedagogia Convergente permanece pouco explorada. O objetivo geral Ă© o de registrar e analisar dados sobre o funcionamento do bilinguismo na aprendizagem de alunos cuja lĂngua nacional Ă© o Tamasheq no contexto escolar de aulas ministradas em FrancĂȘs. A investigação constituiuâse de: busca de literatura referente Ă Pedagogia Convergente. A reflexĂŁo, Ă luz da fundamentação teĂłrica reiterou a contribuição da Pedagogia Convergente para a qualidade da aprendizagem escolar de estudantes tamasheq e a relevĂąncia do ambiente de estudo marcado pelo ensino bilĂngue Tamasheque e FrancĂȘs.
Facteurs AssociĂ©s Ă lâAdhĂ©sion des Femmes en Age de ProcrĂ©er au DĂ©pistage du Cancer du Col de lâUtĂ©rus dans le District de Bamako-Mali, 2017
Introduction: En 2015, au Mali, le cancer du col de lâutĂ©rus (CCU) reprĂ©sentait la moitiĂ© des cancers chez la femme et le taux de dĂ©pistage Ă©tait de 11% au plan national et de 17% Ă Bamako. LâĂ©tude vise Ă identifier les facteurs associĂ©s Ă lâadhĂ©sion des femmes en Ăąge de procrĂ©er au dĂ©pistage CCU Ă Bamako.
MĂ©thodes: LâĂ©tude Cas-TĂ©moins du 1er FĂ©vrier au 31 Mars 2017 portait sur les femmes en Ăąge de procrĂ©er rĂ©sidant Ă Bamako.
Cas : toute femme en ùge de procréer avec un CCU résident depuis au moins 3 mois.
TĂ©moin : femme jamais dĂ©pistĂ©e, vivant dans le voisinage des Cas. Lâanalyse uni et multivariĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© faite avec ExcelÂź et Epi-infoÂź version 7.
RĂ©sultats: Au total 768 femmes dont 256 Cas et 512 TĂ©moins ont participĂ© Ă lâĂ©tude. LâĂąge moyen Ă©tait de 33,7 ± 8,1 ans chez les Cas vs 27,9 ± 8,7 ans chez les TĂ©moins. Les facteurs indĂ©pendants associĂ©s Ă©taient : source dâinformation (Agent de santĂ©) [OR : 3,75 ; IC95% (2,3-6,2)], Ăąge des femmes (30-49 ans) [OR : 3,3(2,3-4,7)], connaissance du CCU [OR : 2,3 ; (1,4-3,9)], connaissance du dĂ©pistage [OR : 2 ; (1,3-3,1)]. Les principales raisons de non adhĂ©sion Ă©taient : manque dâinformation 163 (32%), aucune raison 148 (29%), pas de temps 54 (11%), peur dâĂȘtre dĂ©pister positive 35 (7%), pas de maladie 31 (6%).
Conclusion: Les femmes ùgées de 30-49 ans et celles ayant une connaissance sur le cancer du col et sa prévention adhÚrent plus au dépistage.
Mots-clés : Facteurs Associés, Dépistage, Cancer Col Utérus, Bamako, Mali.
English Title: Factors Associated with Adhesion of Women of Childbearing Age to Cervical Cancer Screening in the District of Bamako-Mali, 2017Introduction :Cervical cancer contributed to half of cancers in women in Mali in 2015 and the screening rate was 11% at national level and 17 % in the district of Bamako. The study investigate factors associated with adherence of women in reproductive age to cervical cancer screening in Bamako.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study from 1st february to 31 march 2017 among women of reprouctive age living in Bamako. Case was woman in reproductive age with cervical cancer living since three months in the study area. Control was woman never screened and living in the neighborhood of cases. A univariate and multivariate analysses were performed using Epi-InfoÂź version 7 and ExcelÂź.
Results : Globally, 768 women with 256 cases and 512 controls were included in the study. Mea nage was 33,7 ± 8,1 in cases versus 27,9 ±8,7 years in control group. Factors independently associated with adhesison to cervical cancer screening were information source (health employee) (odds ratio (95% confident interval, 3,75 [2,3-6,2]), women age of 30 to 49 years (3,3 [2,3-4,7]), knowledge of screening (2,0 [1,3-3,1]). Major reasons of non adhésion to screening were : lack of information 163 (32%), none reason (lack of time 54 (11%), worry of a positive screening 35(7%) and no illness 31(6%).
Conclusion :Women of 30 to 49 age old and those with knowoledge on cervical cancer and its prevention more adhere to screening.
Keywords: Associated factor, screening, cervical cancer, Bamako, Mali 
Genetic diversity of ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycetes from African and Indian tropical rain forests
International audienceEctomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi have a worldwide distribution. However, the ecology of tropical ECM fungi is poorly documented, limiting our understanding of the symbiotic associations between tropical plants and fungi. ECM Basidiomycete diversity was investigated for the first time in two tropical rain forests in Africa (Western Upper Guinea) and in Asia (Western Ghats, India), using a fragment of the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA gene to type 140 sporocarps and 54 ectomycorrhizas. To evaluate taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic analyses were performed, and 40 sequences included from identified European specimens were used as taxonomic benchmarks. Five clades were recovered corresponding to six taxonomic groups: boletoids, sclerodermatoids, russuloids, thelephoroids, and a clade grouping the Amanitaceae and Tricholomataceae families. Our results revealed that the Russulaceae species display a great diversity with several putative new species, especially in Guinea. Other taxonomic issues at family/section levels are also briefly discussed. This study provides preliminary insights into taxonomic diversity, ECM status, and biogeographic patterns of ECM fungi in tropical two rain forest ecosystems, which appear to be as diverse as in temperate and boreal forests
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in African Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Three Case Reports
Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease. This disease predisposes patients to early-onset skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we report 3 pediatric cases, including 2 deaths. Observation: The subjects included 2 boys and 1 girl with skin type VI. All subjects were from consanguineous marriages, and the average age was 7.6 years. The patients all had ulcerative budding tumor lesions in the cephalic region, and the mean disease duration was 18 months. In all 3 cases, the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum was made before the poikilodermal appearance of sun-exposed areas and photophobia. Neurological-type mental retardation was noted in 1 case. Histology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in all 3 cases. The evolutions were marked by the death of 2 children (cases 1 and 3). In one case, the outcome was favorable following cancer excision and subsequent chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is a serious complication related to xeroderma pigmentosum in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention is based on the early diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum, black skin photoprotection, screening and early treatment of lesions, and genetic counseling