Entre o Planejamento Estratégico Formal e Informal: um Estudo de Caso Exploratório sobre a Prática de Estratégia nas Organizações

Most studies on strategy formation have a constitutive contingency element that defines variables through which one could sort organizations into a certain order to indicate what type of strategy formation is more suitable for each (e.g. Mintzberg & McHugh, 1985). This almost prescriptive ordinance concerning the content, process and practice of strategy in organizations can lead one to the perception that it is possible to determine the pattern of strategy of formation in organizations through the simple analysis of some predetermined variables. Guided by the strategy-as-practice approach (Jarzabkowski, 2005, 2008; Whittington, 1996, 2006), this paper explores the practice of strategic planning based on an exploratory single case study in a project-based organization, through which it was possible to identify change processes that shaped different stages of the strategic planning practice over the years with distinct characteristics regarding its (in)formality. These processes were analyzed using an approach inspired on the structuration theory (Giddens, 1984), indicating that the adequate level of strategic planning formalization should be defined by the structuration of practice in its social dynamic

Teorias da democracia e o referendo catalão de 2017

In this paper, we begin introducing the most relevant data about the Catalan independence referendum until november of 2017, including, also, information about the economic, social, and cultural, aspects of Catalonia. After this, we’re going to introduce a series theories of democracy that enable us to analyse the hole process within a positive and negative framework. It’s going to be clear that the majority of authors were used to shed a positive light on the referendum, but it’s the opposite that’s going to be defended: certain multicultural views lead us to pratical problems of hard resolution, making us look for a liberal participacionism or a moderated multicultural view, both critical of the process.En este trabajo, comenzaremos introduciendo las principales informaciones sobre todo el proceso de referéndum hasta noviembre de 2017, incluyendo también informaciones sobre la situación económica, social y cultural de Cataluña. Después de eso, introduciremos una serie de teorías de la democracia que nos permiten analizar el proceso tanto de una vía positiva como de una vía negativa. Se notará que la mayoría de los autores fueron utilizados de forma favorable a la independencia, pero se argumentará que ciertas visiones con un carácter multicultural nos llevan a problemas prácticos de difícil resolución, llevándonos a buscar como solución o una postura participacionista de carácter liberal o una postura multicultural moderada, ambas críticas al proceso.Neste trabalho, começaremos introduzindo as principais informações sobre todo o processo de referendo até o mês de novembro de 2017, incluindo, também, informações sobre a situação econômica, social e cultural, da Catalunha. Após isso, introduziremos uma série de teorias da democracia que nos permitem analisar o processo tanto de uma via positiva quanto de uma via negativa. Notar-se-á que a maioria dos autores foram utilizados de forma favorável à independência, mas argumentar-se-á que certas visões com um caráter multicultural nos levam para problemas práticos de difícil resolução, nos levando a procurar como solução ou uma postura participacionista de cunho liberal ou uma postura multicultural moderada, ambas críticas ao processo

Knowledge and Competences of Racket Sports Coaches: What do They Think and Know?

This study analyzed the professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal knowledge as well as the most important competences to Brazilian coaches who work with four different racket sports (badminton, squash, tennis, and table tennis). A total of 150 coaches (122 men and 28 women) participated in this study, most of whom were tennis coaches (n=68), followed by badminton (n=39), table tennis (n=21), squash (n=17), and more than one racket sport (n=5). For data collection, a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Coaches’ Knowledge and Competence Questionnaire (CKCQ) (Quinaud et. al., 2018) were applied. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the importance and domain attributed by the coaches to the items. In general, knowledge and competences had high scores of attributed importance and perceived domain. However, knowledge of program implementation and evaluation, professional development of coaches and competence to develop the coaching philosophy had the lowest values of perceived domain

A COMPULSÃO DE CONSUMO TRANSFORMADA EM VÍCIO: UM DIÁLOGO NECESSÁRIO ENTRE BAUMAN E LIPOVESTKY

O presente artigo, pelo método dedutivo, analisa a vulnerabilidade comportamental do consumidor diante do assédio da indústria cultural por um modelo de consumo predatório e transformado em vício, tomando-se como referência bibliográfica o diálogo sócio- filosófico entre Zygmunt Buaman e Gilles Lipovetsky no atual estágio da modernidade líquida ou diante dos diagnósticos sombrios de uma hipermodernidade

ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA DOS ALIMENTOS VENDIDOS EM FOODTRUCKS NO DF

A necessidade de uma alimentação de baixo custo e rápida teve seu maior destaquecom a crise econômica de 2009, onde muitos restaurantes americanos buscavam uma novaestratégia para aumentar o número de clientes, preparando pratos com preços mais acessíveise vendendo como comida de rua. Em apenas quatro anos depois,os foodtrucks chegaram aoBrasil, com os primeiros empreendimentos em São Paulo, e hoje estão presentes mais de 63cadastrados na Associação Brasiliense de foodtrucks em todo o Distrito Federal. Com o grandecrescimento e sucesso desse tipo de alimentação, surgiu a necessidade da criação de umaforma de fiscalizar a qualidade dos alimentos produzidos e vendidos para a população, e assim,surgiu a instrução normativa nº 11, de 23 de março de 2016. Dessa forma, o objetivo dopresente trabalho foi analisar a presença de microrganismos patogênicos em diferentes tiposde alimentos que são preparados em foodtrucks, utilizando como parâmetros asrecomendações, a caracterização e os valores estabelecidos pela RDC 12 de 2001 da ANVISA.Foram selecionados alimentos diversos de origem animal e vegetal. Baseado nos parâmetrosda RDC12/2001 da ANVISA, as amostras foram cultivadas em meios de cultura seletivos paradetecção dos possíveis micro-organismos: Escherichia coli, Clostrídios sulfito redutores a 46ºC,Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp. Os meios decultura utilizados para isolamentos dos micro-organismos foram: citrato, ágar sangue, EMB,sulfato ferroso e SS. As amostras de alimentos foram transportadas, acondicionadas seguindoo disposto pelo CODEX Alimentarius. Além disso, as amostras foram adquiridas e não houve aidentificação dos estabelecimentos de foodtruck. As metodologias de análise adotadasseguiram o Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods, da AmericanPublic Health Association (APHA 2001). Após análise dos resultados foi possível observar namaioria dos meios de cultura a presença de micro-organismos enteropatogênicos comconcentrações acima do limite estipulado pela RDC12/2001 da ANVISA. Além disso, o queijo foio ingrediente em comum das análises que tinham a maior quantidade de colônias por unidadede placa. Tendo em vista os aspectos observados, concluímos que ainda há a necessidade deestudos complementares relacionados a caracteriazação bioquímica dos micro-organismos, daimplantação das práticas de higiene nos foodtrucks, bem como sua fiscalização, e maiortreinamento de funcionários na manipulação dos alimento

Stand-off Molecular Composition Analysis

Composition of distant stars can be explored by observing absorption spectra. Stars produce nearly blackbody radiation that passes through the cloud of vaporized material surrounding the star. Characteristic absorption lines are discernible with a spectrometer, and atomic composition is investigated by comparing spectral observations with known material profiles. Most objects in the solar system—asteroids, comets, planets, moons—are too cold to be interrogated in this manner. Material clouds around cold objects consist primarily of volatiles, so bulk composition cannot be probed. Additionally, low volatile density does not produce discernible absorption lines in the faint signal generated by cold objects. We propose a system for probing the molecular composition of cold solar system targets from a distant vantage. The concept utilizes a directed energy beam to melt and vaporize a spot on a distant target, such as from a spacecraft orbiting the object. With sufficient flux (~10 MW/m2) on a rocky asteroid, the spot temperature rises rapidly to ~2500 K, and evaporation of all materials on the surface occurs. The melted spot creates a high-temperature blackbody source, and ejected material creates a molecular plume in front of the spot. Bulk composition is investigated by using a spectrometer to view the heated spot through the ejected material. Spatial composition maps could be created by scanning the surface. Applying the beam to a single spot continuously produces a borehole, and shallow sub-surface composition profiling is possible. Initial simulations of absorption profiles with laser heating show great promise for molecular composition analysis

Clones de alto risco de Klebsiella pneumoniae produtores de ESBL colonizando pacientes de UTI em Natal, Nordeste do Brasil

Background and objectives: colonization by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients is considered a risk factor for infections, and poses as a source of spreading these strains in hospital facilities. This study aimed to perform the genetic characterization of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from surveillance swabs in an ICU in northeastern Brazil. Methods: the isolates were recovered between 2018-2019 from the nasal, axillary, and rectal sites of 24 patients admitted to the ICU. Bacterial identification was performed by traditional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion, and ESBL phenotype was detected by double-disc synergy test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes, PFGE, and MLST were carried out in representative isolates. Results: a total of 27 isolates were recovered from 18 patients (75%). The ESBL production was detected in 85% of isolates. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and most of the β-lactams tested was recurrent, except for carbapenems. The blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M genes were found in high frequency, and the CTX-M-(1, 2 and 9) groups were identified. Seven sequence types (ST11, ST14, ST17, ST395, ST709, ST855, and ST3827) were described, most of them considered high-risk. Conclusion: these findings emphasize the potential threat of well-established high-risk clones in an ICU, and highlight the importance of monitoring these clones to prevent infections.Justificación y objetivos: la colonización por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en pacientes de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) se considera un factor de riesgo para infecciones, y se presenta como una fuente de propagación de estas cepas en instalaciones hospitalarias. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar la caracterización genética de aislamientos de K. pneumoniae productores de BLEE recuperados de hisopos de vigilancia en una UCI en el noreste de Brasil. Métodos: los aislamientos se recuperaron entre 2018-2019 de sitios nasales, axilares y rectales de 24 pacientes ingresados en la UCI. La identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante pruebas bioquímicas tradicionales. La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante difusión en disco, y el fenotipo BLEE se detectó mediante la prueba de sinergia de doble-disco. La polymerase chain reaction (PCR) para los genes blaCTX-M, blaSHV y blaTEM, PFGE y MLST se llevaron a cabo en aislamientos representativos. Resultados: se recuperaron 27 aislamientos de 18 pacientes (75%). La producción de ESBL se detectó en 85% de los aislamientos. La resistencia a ciprofloxacino, sulfametoxazol/trimetoprima y a la mayoría de los β-lactámicos evaluados fue recurrente, excepto a los carbapenémicos. Los genes blaSHV, blaTEM y blaCTX-M se encontraron en alta frecuencia, y se identificaron los grupos CTX-M-(1, 2 y 9). Se describieron siete sequence types (ST11, ST14, ST17, ST395, ST709, ST855 y ST3827), la mayoría consideradas de alto riesgo. Conclusión: estos hallazgos enfatizan la amenaza potencial de los clones de alto riesgo bien establecidos en una UCI, y resaltan la importancia de monitorear estos clones para prevenir infecciones.Justificativa e objetivos: a colonização por Klebsiella pneumoniae produtora de β-lactamase de espectro estendido (ESBL) em pacientes de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) é considerada um fator de risco para infecções, e representa uma fonte de disseminação dessas cepas em instalações hospitalares. Este estudo objetivou realizar a caracterização genética de isolados de K. pneumoniae produtores de ESBL recuperados de swabs de vigilância em uma UTI no Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: os isolados foram recuperados entre 2018-2019 dos sítios nasal, axilar e retal de 24 pacientes internados na UTI. A identificação bacteriana foi realizada por testes bioquímicos tradicionais. A suscetibilidade antimicrobiana foi avaliada por disco-difusão, e o fenótipo ESBL foi detectado pelo teste de sinergia de duplo-disco. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) para os genes blaCTX-M, blaSHV e blaTEM, PFGE e MLST foram realizados em isolados representativos. Resultados: foram recuperados 27 isolados de 18 pacientes (75%). A produção de ESBL foi detectada em 85% dos isolados. A resistência à ciprofloxacina, sulfametoxazol/trimetoprima e à maioria dos β-lactâmicos testados foi recorrente, exceto para os carbapenêmicos. Os genes blaSHV, blaTEM e blaCTX-M foram encontrados em alta frequência, e os grupos CTX-M-(1, 2 e 9) foram identificados. Sete sequence types (ST11, ST14, ST17, ST395, ST709, ST855 e ST3827) foram descritos, a maioria deles considerados de alto risco. Conclusão: esses achados enfatizam a ameaça potencial de clones de alto risco bem estabelecidos em uma UTI, e destacam a importância do monitoramento desses clones para prevenir infecções

Simulations of Directed Energy Thrust on Rotating Asteroids

Asteroids that threaten Earth could be deflected from their orbits using directed energy to vaporize the surface, as the ejected plume creates a reaction thrust that alters the asteroid’s trajectory. In this situation, a critical issue is the rotation of the asteroid relative to the directed energy beam, as this will reduce the average thrust magnitude and modify the thrust direction. Flux levels required to evaporate surface material depend on the surface material composition, rotation rate, albedo, and thermal and bulk mechanical properties of the asteroid. The observed distribution of asteroid rotation rates is used, along with an estimated range of material and mechanical properties, as input to a 4D thermalphysical model to calculate the resultant thrust vector. The model uses a directed energy beam, striking the surface of a rotating sphere with specified material properties, beam profile, and rotation rate. The model calculates thermal changes in the sphere, including vaporization and mass ejection of the target material. The amount of vaporization integrated over the target is used to determine the thrust magnitude and the phase shift relative to the non-rotating case. As the object rotates beneath the beam, the energy spreads out, decreasing temperature and vaporization causing both a phase shift and magnitude decrease in the average thrust vector. This produces a 4D analytical model of the expected thrust profile for rotating objects

Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of Bietti crystalline dystrophy

Abstract: The rare form of retinal dystrophy, Bietti crystalline dystrophy, is associated with variations in CYP4V2, a member of the cytochrome P450 family. This study reports patients affected by typical and atypical Bietti crystalline dystrophy, expanding the spectrum of this disease. This is an observational case series of patients with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of Bietti crystalline dystrophy that underwent multimodal imaging. Four unrelated patients are described with two known variants, c.802‐8_810del17insGC and c.518T > G (p.Leu173Trp), and one novel missense variant, c.1169G > T (p.Arg390Leu). The patient with the novel homozygous variant had the most severe phenotype resulting in macular hole formation and retinal detachment in both eyes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no association of these features with Bietti crystalline dystrophy. Patient 1 was the youngest patient and had the mildest phenotype with crystals in the retina without chorioretinal atrophy and visual complaints. Patients 2 and 3 presented with fewer crystals and chorioretinal atrophy. These three patients presented a classic phenotype. The fourth patient presented with an atypical and severe phenotype. This study reveals a new genotype and new phenotype associated with this disorder. Keywords: bietti crystalline dystrophy; CYP4V2 protein; genetic testing; missense mutation; insertion‐deletion mutatio

Directed Energy Deflection Laboratory Measurements

We report on laboratory studies of the effectiveness of directed energy planetary defense as a part of the DE-STAR (Directed Energy System for Targeting of Asteroids and exploRation) program. DE-STAR and DE-STARLITE are directed energy stand-off and stand-on programs, respectively. These systems consist of a modular array of kilowatt-class lasers powered by photovoltaics, and are capable of heating a spot on the surface of an asteroid to the point of vaporization. Mass ejection, as a plume of evaporated material, creates a reactionary thrust capable of diverting the asteroid’s orbit. In a series of papers, we have developed a theoretical basis and described numerical simulations for determining the thrust produced by material evaporating from the surface of an asteroid. In the DE-STAR concept, the asteroid itself is used as the deflection propellant . This study presents results of experiments designed to measure the thrust created by evaporation from a laser directed energy spot. We constructed a vacuum chamber to simulate space conditions, and installed a torsion balance that holds an asteroid sample. The sample is illuminated with a fiber array laser with flux levels up to 60 MW/m2 which allows us to simulate a mission level flux but on a small scale. We use a separate laser as well as a position sensitive centroid detector to readout the angular motion of the torsion balance and can thus determine the thrust. We compare the measured thrust to the models. Our theoretical models indicate a coupling coefficient well in excess of 100 μN/W optical, though we assume a more conservative value of 80 μN/W optical and then degrade this with an optical encircled energy efficiency of 0.75 to 60 μN/W optical in our deflection modeling. Our measurements discussed here yield about 45 μN/W absorbed as a reasonable lower limit to the thrust per optical watt absorbed