Defensa de bienes comunes naturales y decolonialidad: caso Xochicuautla, México

El artículo se deriva de la investigación denominada Proyectos hegemónicos de desarrollo y alternativas de los sujetos colectivos. Un estudio de tres experiencias de la zona metropolitana del valle de Toluca. Clave de Registro: 3802/2014/CIA, a cargo de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.El presente artículo intenta comprender las dinámicas provenientes de movimientos sociales latinoamericanos relacionados con la defensa de bienes comunes naturales. Ello, a partir de dos enfoques: las epistemologías del Sur y la perspectiva del pensamiento crítico decolonial, para dar cuenta de las luchas y resistencias, así como de las propuestas que emergen desde colectivos sociales que ven amenazados sus territorios por la actual ofensiva capitalista. Para ello, retomamos el caso de la lucha en San Francisco Xochicuautla, Lerma, estado de México, al que consideramos un referente de los actuales movimientos sociales, en el contexto mexicano. De este modo, caracterizamos la lucha de la comunidad de Xochicuautla, para destacar cómo se articulan sus demandas, exigencias, alternativas, prácticas y discursos con otros movimientos más amplios que actúan en el territorio nacional, y cómo ello aporta a las construcciones teóricas latinoamericanas. En términos metodológicos, recurrimos al análisis documental extenso, la revisión y reflexión teórica, así como al trabajo de campo en la comunidad de Xochicuautla.SIEA-UAEMe

Posttraumatic Giant Macular Hole

Introduction: Large macular holes secondary to blunt trauma are sometimes seen in young patients within the spectrum of alterations produced by ocular trauma. Methods: Observational case report. A 32-year-old woman who had received a blunt trauma (a blow from a fist) to her right eye 10 years previously had experienced a decrease in visual acuity ever since. Results: Clinical photographs, fluorescein angiography and optic coherent tomography images revealed a very large macular hole of approximately 1,920 µm in diameter. Conclusion: This case is an uncommonly large variant of a macular hole secondary to blunt trauma in a young patient

Age-Related Differences in Vastus Lateralis Muscle Thickness versus Echo Intensity

Ultrasonography is frequently used in neuromuscular research to examine muscle architecture and function. In particular, measures of muscle thickness and echo intensity are often utilized to assess muscle quantity and quality, respectively. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in vastus lateralis muscle thickness versus echo intensity across the lifespan. Ultrasound images were taken of eight boys (mean ± SD age = 12 ± 2 years), eight young men (age = 26 ± 3 years), and seven old men (age = 71 ± 4 years). Muscle thickness (cm) was defined as the distance between the deep and superficial aponeuroses. Echo intensity (au) was defined as the mean of the histogram using ImageJ’s grayscale and rectangle functions. Separate one-way analyses of variance were used to examine mean differences among the age groups. There were no significant differences in muscle thickness (boys = 1.92 cm, young men = 2.13 cm, old men = 1.64 cm [F = 2.795, p = 0.085]). However, the analysis of echo intensity showed significant mean differences (boys = 68.1 au, young men = 47.5 au, old men = 65.5 au [F = 12.654, p \u3c 0.001]). Tukey post hoc analyses demonstrated significantly lower echo intensity for the young men compared to both the boys and old men. Although additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings, echo intensity may be a more sensitive variable than muscle thickness for examining age-related differences in vastus lateralis muscle architecture

Eclectic Method for Developing Optimum ANN´s

Today one of the biggest problems found in developing and implementing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is the lack of a rigorous methodology that ensures the development of optimum ANN, because the performance of their function is measured by trial and error, leading to loss of time in training networks that are far away to reach the expected error rate and adequate performance. As a part of the investigation, a method for determining the optimal networks for prediction and function approximation networks with more than one output is proposed and developed. However, steps can be implemented in hard systems methodologies to analyze the characteristics of the variables required for training the ANN and the correlation between them to reduce the optimal search time. A methodology for the construction and development of an ANN is proposed and developed based on Checkland, Jenkins and Hall methodologies, obtaining a 14-step methodology grouped into three stages

Inversión pública, infraestructura y desarrollo: un análisis de la Ciudad de

El trabajo destaca el papel de la inversión pública como un mecanismo condicionante del proceso de acumulación del capital, del desarrollo empresarial, de la innovación y de las instituciones. Se conceptualiza a la infraestructura como un conjunto de instrumentos que interactúan en comunidades locales y que estimulan o frenan el crecimiento sostenido de la productividad y el progreso económico y social. En este sentido, tomando el caso de la Ciudad de México, se concluye que la sostenibilidad del desarrollo puede depender del fortalecimiento de las ciudades y no exclusivamente del nivel de ahorro e inversión privada

Ultraviolet-A Light and Riboflavin Therapy for Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Case Report

Purpose: To report ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light treatment in a patient with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Methods: Interventional case report. A standard protocol for ultraviolet corneal therapy, with a power emission of 3 mW/cm2 and a wavelength of 370 nm, was used. The protocol included an 8-nm bandwidth at a 54-mm distance measured with a collimation system of diodes as well as a protective shield of riboflavin in a case of documented AK. Results: A 54-year-old female patient with AK, showing no therapeutic response to a wide variety of topical antimicrobial agents and with a visual acuity of 20/400, was treated with UV-A therapy. The patient displayed a favourable response in the first 24 h after treatment, with improvement of symptoms, visual acuity (to 20/200) and biomicroscopy cornea with haze degree I. By the third week post-treatment, the patient was symptom-free. Her visual acuity was 20/30, and the affected cornea was clear. Five months after treatment, there had been no recurrence, and her vision was 20/20. Conclusions: Treatment with UV-A light was an effective therapy in this case of AK

Early Changes in Nitrate Uptake and Assimilation Under Drought in Relation to Transpiration

Soil drying combined with nitrogen (N) deficiency poses a grave threat to agricultural crop production. The rate at which nitrate (NO3−) is taken up depends partly on the uptake and transpiration of water. Rapid changes in nitrate assimilation, in contrast to other N forms, may serve as a component of the plant stress response to drought because nitrate assimilation may lead to changes in xylem pH. The modulation of xylem sap pH may be relevant for stomata regulation via the delivery of abscisic acid (ABA) to guard cells. In several factorial experiments, we investigated the interactions between nitrate and water availability on nitrate fate in the plant, as well as their possible implications for the early drought-stress response. We monitored the short-term response (2–6 days) of nitrate in biomass, transport to shoot and reduction in Pisum sativum, Hordeum vulgare, Vicia faba, and Nicotiana tabacum and correlated this with sap pH and transpiration rates (TRs). Cultivation on inorganic substrate ensured control over nutrient and water supply and prevented nodulation in legume species. NO3− content in biomass decreased in most of the species under drought indicating significant decline in NO3− uptake. Hordeum vulgare had the highest NO3− concentrations in all organs even under drought and low NO3− treatment. This species can likely respond much better to the combined adverse effects of low NO3− and water scarcity. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was reduced in both roots and leaves of water deficient (WD) plants in all species except H. vulgare, presumably due to its high NO3− contents. Further, transient reduction in NO3− availability had no effect on sap pH. Therefore, it seems unlikely that NRA shifts from shoot root leading to the supposed alkalization of sap. We also did not observe any interactive effects of NO3− and water deficiency on transpiration. Hence, as long as leaf NO3− content remains stable, NO3− availability in soil is not linked to short-term modulation of transpiration.Peer Reviewe