Fracture strength test of digitally produced ceramic-filled and unfilled dental resin restorations via 3d printing : an in vitro study

Purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical efficiency of 3D-printed permanent and provisional implant cemented fixed bridges produced via CAD/CAM technology using an interim and a permanent ceramic filled hybrid material. Two groups with t

Tunnel Fenestration of the Mandibula after Unsuccessful Post Traumatic Treatment: A Case Report of the One Year Follow-Up

Particularly severe cases with tunneled defects are rarely reported and are described only in a few case reports. This case report describes the treatment of a tunnel fenestration in the lower central jaw after unsuccessful endodontic treatment following trauma of incisors 31 and 41 over the course of six years, which led to the development of an internal granuloma and a radicular cyst in the lower jaw. The patient presented with a 2.67 cm3 radicular cyst displacing the surrounding tissue at regio 31 and 41, which resulted in a tunnel-like bony defect. Endodontic treatment and periapical root tip resection on teeth 31 and 41 with cystectomy, and with a 12 month follow-up, were successful in the healing of the bone defect. The preserved teeth received lithium disilicate crowns for definite restoration one year postoperatively. This treatment can be an option for the therapy of large cysts

Tunnel Fenestration of the Mandibula after Unsuccessful Post Traumatic Treatment: A Case Report of the One Year Follow-Up

Particularly severe cases with tunneled defects are rarely reported and are described only in a few case reports. This case report describes the treatment of a tunnel fenestration in the lower central jaw after unsuccessful endodontic treatment following trauma of incisors 31 and 41 over the course of six years, which led to the development of an internal granuloma and a radicular cyst in the lower jaw. The patient presented with a 2.67 cm3 radicular cyst displacing the surrounding tissue at regio 31 and 41, which resulted in a tunnel-like bony defect. Endodontic treatment and periapical root tip resection on teeth 31 and 41 with cystectomy, and with a 12 month follow-up, were successful in the healing of the bone defect. The preserved teeth received lithium disilicate crowns for definite restoration one year postoperatively. This treatment can be an option for the therapy of large cysts

Subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus bilateral deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease (NSTAPS study):a randomised controlled trial

<p>Background Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease often have rapid swings between mobility and immobility, and many respond unsatisfactorily to adjustments in pharmacological treatment. We assessed whether globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) gives greater functional improvement than does subthalamic nucleus (STN) DES.</p><p>Methods We recruited patients from five centres in the Netherlands who were aged 18 years or older, had idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and had, despite optimum pharmacological treatment, at least one of the following symptoms: severe response fluctuations, dyskinesias, painful dystonias, or bradykinesia. By use of a computer-generated randomisation sequence, we randomly assigned patients to receive either GPi DBS or STN DBS (1:1), applying a minimisation procedure according to drug use (levodopa equivalent dose = 1000 mg) and treatment centre. Patients and study assessors (but not those who assessed adverse events) were masked to treatment allocation. We had two primary outcomes: functional health as measured by the weighted Academic Medical Center Linear Disability Scale (ALDS; weighted by time spent in the off phase and on phase) and a composite score for cognitive, mood, and behavioural effects up to 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes were symptom scales, activities of daily living scales, a quality-of-life questionnaire, the occurrence of adverse events, and drug use. We used the intention-to-treat principle for all analyses. This trial is registered with www.controlled-trials. com, number ISRCTN85542074.</p><p>Findings Between Feb 1,2007, and March 29,2011, we enrolled 128 patients, assigning 65 to GPi DBS and 63 to STN DBS. We found no statistically significant difference in either of our primary outcomes: mean change in weighted ALDS (3.0 [SD 14.5] in the GPi group vs 7.7 [23.2] in the STN group; p=0-28) and the number of patients with cognitive, mood, and behavioural side-effects (36 [58%] of 62 patients in the GPi group vs 35 [56%] of 63 patients in the STN group; p=0.94). Secondary outcomes showed larger improvements in off-drug phase in the STN group compared with the GPi group in the mean change in unified Parkinson's disease rating scale motor examination scores (20.3 [16.3] vs 11.4 [16.1]; p=0-03), the mean change in ALDS scores (20.3 [27-1] vs 11-8 [18.9]; p=0.04), and medication (mean levodopa equivalent drug reduction: 546 [SD 561] vs 208 [521]; p=0.01). We recorded no difference in the occurrence of adverse events between the two groups. Other secondary endpoints showed no difference between the groups.</p><p>Interpretation Although there was no difference in our primary outcomes, our findings suggest that STN could be the preferred target for DBS in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.</p>

Cognitive and psychiatric outcome 3 years after globus pallidus pars interna or subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUND: Effects on non-motor symptoms, mainly cognitive and psychiatric side effects, could influence the decision for either globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: 1) To compare cognitive and psychiatric outcomes 3 years after GPi DBS versus STN DBS, and 2) to report on occurrence of suicidal ideation, psychiatric diagnoses, social functioning, and marital satisfaction 3 years after DBS. METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive GPi DBS (n = 65) or STN DBS (n = 63). Standardized assessments were performed at baseline, 1 year, and 3 years. We used linear mixed model analyses to investigate between-group differences on the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), neuropsychological tests, and psychiatric questionnaires 3 years after DBS. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients (68%) completed at least one neuropsychological test after 3 years. No significant between-group differences were found on the MDRS (p = 0.61), neuropsychological tests (p-values between 0.17 and 0.87), and psychiatric questionnaires (p-values between 0.23 and 0.88) 3 years after DBS. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview did not indicate a substantial number of psychiatric diagnoses after 3 years. Social functioning and marital satisfaction were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Three years after GPi DBS and STN DBS no pronounced between-group differences on measures of cognitive and psychiatric functioning could be demonstrated. Overall, cognitive and psychiatric outcome 3 years after DBS do not provide a clear direction for clinicians when considering which of these two surgical targets to choose

SR-Like RNA-Binding Protein Slr1 Affects Candida albicans Filamentation and Virulence

Candida albicans causes both mucosal and disseminated infections, and its capacity to grow as both yeast and hyphae is a key virulence factor. Hyphal formation is a type of polarized growth, and members of the SR (serine-arginine) family of RNA-binding proteins influence polarized growth of both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans. Therefore, we investigated whether SR-like proteins affect filamentous growth and virulence of C. albicans. BLAST searches with S. cerevisiae SR-like protein Npl3 (ScNpl3) identified two C. albicans proteins: CaNpl3, an apparent ScNpl3 ortholog, and Slr1, another SR-like RNA-binding protein with no close S. cerevisiae ortholog. Whereas ScNpl3 was critical for growth, deletion of NPL3 in C. albicans resulted in few phenotypic changes. In contrast, the slr1Δ/Δ mutant had a reduced growth rate in vitro, decreased filamentation, and impaired capacity to damage epithelial and endothelial cells in vitro. Mice infected intravenously with the slr1Δ/Δ mutant strain had significantly prolonged survival compared to that of mice infected with the wild-type or slr1Δ/Δ mutant complemented with SLR1 (slr1Δ/Δ+SLR1) strain, without a concomitant decrease in kidney fungal burden. Histopathology, however, revealed differential localization of slr1Δ/Δ hyphal and yeast morphologies within the kidney. Mice infected with slr1Δ/Δ cells also had an increased brain fungal burden, which correlated with increased invasion of brain, but not umbilical vein, endothelial cells in vitro. The enhanced brain endothelial cell invasion was likely due to the increased surface exposure of the Als3 adhesin on slr1Δ/Δ cells. Our results indicate that Slr1 is an SR-like protein that influences C. albicans growth, filamentation, host cell interactions, and virulence