1,750 research outputs found
Effect of the refining process on total hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and tocopherol contents of olive oil
The impact of the olive oil refining process on major antioxidant compound levels was evaluated by means of UHPLC analysis of lampante olive oils collected at different stages of the refining procedure (degumming, chemical and physical flash neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization). For this purpose, the evolution of the tocopherol fraction was investigated by means of the UHPLC-FL method, while the influence of the refining process on the total hydrolyzed phenolic content was assessed by measuring hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol levels after acid hydrolysis of the phenolic extracts. Refining was found to have a marked effect on total hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol contents, as they are completely removed in the early steps of the refining procedure. In contrast, the variation trends of tocopherols are not always clear-cut, and significant decreases in content from 7% to 16% were only revealed during refining in four out of nine samples. In addition, five of the nine refined oils showed final tocopherol concentrations higher than 200 mg/kg, the limit imposed by international standards regarding the content of such compounds in commercial olive oils. This study supports the need for a revision of the International Olive Oil Council (IOC) standard relative to the limit established for tocopherol addition to refined oils to avoid possible legal and economic trade issues
Nueva sonda TDR para la medida de la conductividad eléctrica de la solución del suelo
Esta comunicación presenta una sonda TDR
(WECP) para la medida de la conductividad eléctrica de
la solución del suelo (σw), que consiste en una sonda
TDR trifilar (10 cm longitud) insertadas en 14 discos
cerámicos. La σw se estima a partir de la humedad y la
conductividad eléctrica del conjunto de discos cerámicos.
La WECP fue calibrada y testada en laboratorio con suelo
franco y en condiciones de campo con diferentes
soluciones de KCl. La σw estimada con WECP en
laboratorio fue comparada con las obtenidas a partir de la
solución de drenaje. El experimento de campo comparó
σw estimados con WECP con los medidos con lisímetros
de tensión. En ambos experimentos se observó una buena
y significativa correlación (R2 ≥ 0,97; P < 0,001;
Coeficiente de eficeincia Nash-Sutdiffe > 0,96) entre los
valores de σw estimados con WECP y los obtenidos en
laboratorio y campo a partir de la solución de drenajeEsta comunicación presenta una sonda TDR
(WECP) para la medida de la conductividad eléctrica de
la solución del suelo (σw), que consiste en una sonda
TDR trifilar (10 cm longitud) insertadas en 14 discos
cerámicos. La σw se estima a partir de la humedad y la
conductividad eléctrica del conjunto de discos cerámicos.
La WECP fue calibrada y testada en laboratorio con suelo
franco y en condiciones de campo con diferentes
soluciones de KCl. La σw estimada con WECP en
laboratorio fue comparada con las obtenidas a partir de la
solución de drenaje. El experimento de campo comparó
σw estimados con WECP con los medidos con lisímetros
de tensión. En ambos experimentos se observó una buena
y significativa correlación (R2 ≥ 0,97; P < 0,001;
Coeficiente de eficeincia Nash-Sutdiffe > 0,96) entre los
valores de σw estimados con WECP y los obtenidos en
laboratorio y campo a partir de la solución de drenajePublishe
VSP Traveltime Inversion: Near-Surface Issues
P-wave velocity information obtained from vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) can be useful in imaging subsurface structure, either by directly detecting changes in the subsurface or as an aid to the interpretation of seismic reflection data. In the shallow subsurface, P-wave velocity can change by nearly an order of magnitude over a short distance, so curved rays are needed to accurately model VSP traveltimes. We used a curved-ray inversion to estimate the velocity profile and the discrepancy principle to estimate the data noise level and to choose the optimum regularization parameter. The curved-ray routine performed better than a straight-ray inversion for synthetic models containing high-velocity contrasts. The application of the inversion to field data produced a velocity model that agreed well with prior information. These results show that curved-ray inversion should be used to obtain velocity information from VSPs in the shallow subsurface
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Enhancement of the Binding Energy of Charged Excitons in Disordered Quantum Wires
Negatively and positively charged excitons are identified in the
spatially-resolved photoluminescence spectra of quantum wires. We demonstrate
that charged excitons are weakly localized in disordered quantum wires. As a
consequence, the enhancement of the "binding energy" of a charged exciton is
caused, for a significant part, by the recoil energy transferred to the
remaining charged carrier during its radiative recombination. We discover that
the Coulomb correlation energy is not the sole origin of the "binding energy",
in contrast to charged excitons confined in quantum dots.Comment: 4 Fig
Applicability of the photogrammetry technique to determine the volume and the bulk density of small soil aggregates
Aggregate density (¿) is defined as the relationship between the mass and the volume occupied by an aggregate. Previous studies have characterised ¿ on large to medium-sized soil aggregates (>4mm diameter); however, little information is available for smaller aggregates (0.99, P<0.0001) between the volumes estimated on rough stones with the PHM and Archimedes methods demonstrates that this technique can be satisfactorily used to estimate the volume and, consequently, the ¿ of small soil aggregates. The results showed an increase in ¿ with decreasing aggregate size. A general trend of increasing ¿ with the degree of soil disturbance by tillage was also observed
Two-Stage Rotational Disordering of a Molecular Crystal Surface: C60
We propose a two-stage mechanism for the rotational surface disordering phase
transition of a molecular crystal, as realized in C fullerite. Our
study, based on Monte Carlo simulations, uncovers the existence of a new
intermediate regime, between a low temperature ordered state,
and a high temperature disordered phase. In the intermediate
regime there is partial disorder, strongest for a subset of particularly
frustrated surface molecules. These concepts and calculations provide a
coherent understanding of experimental observations, with possible extension to
other molecular crystal surfaces.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
CT angiography, MR angiography and rotational digital subtraction angiography for volumetric assessment of intracranial aneurysms. An experimental study
The purpose of our experimental study was to assess the accuracy and precision of CT angiography (CTA), MR angiography (MRA) and rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for measuring the volume of an in vitro aneurysm model. A rigid model of the anterior cerebral circulation harbouring an anterior communicating aneurysm was connected to a pulsatile circuit. It was studied using unenhanced 3D time-of-flight MRA, contrast-enhanced CTA and rotational DSA angiography. The source images were then postprocessed on dedicated workstations to calculate the volume of the aneurysm. CTA was more accurate than MRA (P=0.0019). Rotational DSA was more accurate than CTA, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.1605), and significantly more accurate than MRA (P<0.00001). CTA was more precise than MRA (P=0.12), although this did not reach statistical significance. Rotational DSA can be part of the diagnosis, treatment planning and support endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The emerging endovascular treatment techniques which consist of using liquid polymers as implants to exclude aneurysms from arterial circulation would certainly benefit from this precise measurement of the volume of aneurysm
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