Neuropsychological differences between samples of dyslexic and reader children by means of NEPSY

Dyslexia and other reading disorder concepts are used to describe the difficulties of children who cannot read, despite their cognitive capacity and after having spent a long period of learning and practicing. This paper evaluates the neuropsychological performance in Nepsy subtests and the differences between dyslexic and reader children. The evaluation involved a sample of 30 children: 1, control group of 10 reader children; 2, group of 10 children with low probability of being diagnosed as dyslexic; and 3, group of 10 children with probable and very probable dyslexia, according to the criteria of Bongo Test. Comparing group 1 to 3, the 20 subjects are correctly classified in the expected group by discriminant analysis, but the Stepwise Wilks' lambda method only selects 6 of the NEPSY subtests: Oromotor Sequences (better performance of the of readers children) and Fingertip Tapping, Visuomotor Precision, Finger Discrimination (non preferred hand) Arrows, and Route Finding (better performance of dyslexic children). Despite all, the Mann-Whitney rank-sum U tests point significant differences between groups in Tower, Knok and Tap, and Manual Motor Sequences (better performance of reader children), and Finger Discrimination-non preferred hand (better performance of dyslexic children). Finally, multiple regression analysis carried out with the NEPSY subtests as predictor variables and each one of the reading Bongo test as dependent variables, with the sample of two groups of dyslexic children (n =20), select different NEPSY variables for each dependent Bongo Literacy Test: Spelling mistakes, writing errors, reading time, reading errors, and reading comprehension

Diferencias neuropsicológicas entre muestras de niños lectores y disléxicos mediante el NEPSY

Dyslexia and other reading disorder concepts are used to describe the difficulties of children who cannot read, despite their cognitive capacity and after having spent a long period of learning and practicing. This paper evaluates the neuropsychological performance in NEPSY subtests and the differences between dyslexic and reader children. The evaluation involved a sample of 30 children: 1) control group of 10 reader children; 2) group of 10 children with low probability of being diagnosed as dyslexic; and 3) group of 10 children with probable and very probable dyslexia, according to the criteria of Bongo Test. Comparing group 1 to 3, the 20 subjects are correctly classified in the expected group by discriminant analysis, but the Stepwise Wilks’ lambda method only selects 6 of the NEPSY subtests: Oromotor Sequences (better performance of the of readers children) and Fingertip Tapping, Visuomotor Precision, Finger Discrimination (non preferred hand) Arrows, and Route Finding (better performance of dyslexic children). Despite all, the Mann- Whitney rank-sum U tests point significant differences between groups in Tower, Knok and Tap, and Manual Motor Sequences (better performance of reader children), and Finger Discrimination-non preferred hand (better performance of dyslexic children). Finally, multiple regression analysis carried out with the NEPSY subtests as predictor variables and each one of the reading Bongo test as dependent variables, with the sample of two groups of dyslexic children (n =20), select different NEPSY variables for each dependent Bongo Literacy Test: Spelling mistakes, writing errors, reading time, reading errors, and reading comprehension.La dislexia y otros conceptos relacionados con los trastornos de lectura son utilizados para describir las dificultades de los niños que no pueden leer, a pesar de su capacidad cognitiva y después de haber pasado un largo periodo de tiempo de aprendizaje y práctica. Este artículo evalúa el rendimiento neuropsicológico en los subtest del NEPSY y las diferencias entre los niños disléxicos y los lectores. La evaluación implica una muestra de 30 niños: 1) grupo de control formado por 10 niños lectores; 2) grupo de 10 niños con baja probabilidad de ser diagnosticados como disléxicos; y 3) grupo de 10 niños con probable y muy probable diagnóstico de dislexia, según los criterios del Test Bongo. Comparados el grupo 1 con el 3, los 20 sujetos son correctamente clasificados en el grupo esperado mediante un análisis discriminante, pero el método de pasos Wilks’ lambda solamente selecciona 6 subtests del NEPSY: Secuencias Oromotrices (mejor rendimiento de los niños lectores), y Golpeteo con los Dedos, Precisión Visomotriz, Discriminación de Dedos (mano no preferentes), Flechas, y Encontrar la Ruta (mejor rendimiento de los niños disléxicos). A pesar de todo, el test de Mann-Whitney señala diferencias significativas entre dichos grupos en Torres, Nudillos y Palmadas, y en Secuencias Motrices Manuales (mejor rendimiento de los niños lectores), y Discriminación de Dedos de la mano no preferente (mejor rendimiento de los niños disléxicos). Finalmente, con la muestra de los dos grupos de niños disléxicos (n=20), los análisis de regresión múltiple llevados a cabo con los subtest del NEPSY como predictores y cada una de las variables del Test Bongo como dependientes seleccionan diferentes variables del NEPSY para cada una de las dependientes de dicho test de lecto-escritura: faltas de ortografía, errores de escritura, tiempo lector, errores de lectura, y comprensión lectora

Diferencias neuropsicológicas entre muestras de niños lectores y disléxicos mediante el NEPSY

Dyslexia and other reading disorder concepts are used to describe the difficulties of children who cannot read, despite their cognitive capacity and after having spent a long period of learning and practicing. This paper evaluates the neuropsychological performance in NEPSY subtests and the differences between dyslexic and reader children. The evaluation involved a sample of 30 children: 1) control group of 10 reader children; 2) group of 10 children with low probability of being diagnosed as dyslexic; and 3) group of 10 children with probable and very probable dyslexia, according to the criteria of Bongo Test. Comparing group 1 to 3, the 20 subjects are correctly classified in the expected group by discriminant analysis, but the Stepwise Wilks’ lambda method only selects 6 of the NEPSY subtests: Oromotor Sequences (better performance of the of readers children) and Fingertip Tapping, Visuomotor Precision, Finger Discrimination (non preferred hand) Arrows, and Route Finding (better performance of dyslexic children). Despite all, the Mann- Whitney rank-sum U tests point significant differences between groups in Tower, Knok and Tap, and Manual Motor Sequences (better performance of reader children), and Finger Discrimination-non preferred hand (better performance of dyslexic children). Finally, multiple regression analysis carried out with the NEPSY subtests as predictor variables and each one of the reading Bongo test as dependent variables, with the sample of two groups of dyslexic children (n =20), select different NEPSY variables for each dependent Bongo Literacy Test: Spelling mistakes, writing errors, reading time, reading errors, and reading comprehension.La dislexia y otros conceptos relacionados con los trastornos de lectura son utilizados para describir las dificultades de los niños que no pueden leer, a pesar de su capacidad cognitiva y después de haber pasado un largo periodo de tiempo de aprendizaje y práctica. Este artículo evalúa el rendimiento neuropsicológico en los subtest del NEPSY y las diferencias entre los niños disléxicos y los lectores. La evaluación implica una muestra de 30 niños: 1) grupo de control formado por 10 niños lectores; 2) grupo de 10 niños con baja probabilidad de ser diagnosticados como disléxicos; y 3) grupo de 10 niños con probable y muy probable diagnóstico de dislexia, según los criterios del Test Bongo. Comparados el grupo 1 con el 3, los 20 sujetos son correctamente clasificados en el grupo esperado mediante un análisis discriminante, pero el método de pasos Wilks’ lambda solamente selecciona 6 subtests del NEPSY: Secuencias Oromotrices (mejor rendimiento de los niños lectores), y Golpeteo con los Dedos, Precisión Visomotriz, Discriminación de Dedos (mano no preferentes), Flechas, y Encontrar la Ruta (mejor rendimiento de los niños disléxicos). A pesar de todo, el test de Mann-Whitney señala diferencias significativas entre dichos grupos en Torres, Nudillos y Palmadas, y en Secuencias Motrices Manuales (mejor rendimiento de los niños lectores), y Discriminación de Dedos de la mano no preferente (mejor rendimiento de los niños disléxicos). Finalmente, con la muestra de los dos grupos de niños disléxicos (n=20), los análisis de regresión múltiple llevados a cabo con los subtest del NEPSY como predictores y cada una de las variables del Test Bongo como dependientes seleccionan diferentes variables del NEPSY para cada una de las dependientes de dicho test de lecto-escritura: faltas de ortografía, errores de escritura, tiempo lector, errores de lectura, y comprensión lectora

El síndrome metabólico y su prevalencia en la población que acude a una farmacia comunitaria de Sevilla

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS La prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y su repercusión cardiovascular requiere de medidas dirigidas a su prevención y control. El farmacéutico comunitario, como sanitario más próximo a la población, juega un papel fundamental en el manejo de uno de los factores más determinantes en su desarrollo: el estilo de vida. El objetivo es estimar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en la población que acude a las farmacias de Sevilla e identificar sus factores asociados.MÉTODOS Estudio transversal con 69 pacientes reclutados desde enero a agosto de 2008. La presencia de síndrome metabólico se determinó usando los criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes.RESULTADOS La prevalencia hallada es del 33,3%. El componente más frecuente es la obesidad (53,6%), seguida por hipertensión (44,9%), hiperglucemia (40,6%), hipertrigliceridemia (34,8%) e hipocolesterolemia HDL (24,6%). El sedentarismo (p=0,002), el elevado consumo de café (p=0,036) y carnes rojas y embutidos (p=0,004), unida a la baja ingesta de pescado (p<0,001), frutas y verduras (p<0,001) y productos lácteos (p=0,027) se han identificado como factores de riesgo para su desarrollo.CONCLUSIONES La prevalencia hallada es de las más altas encontradas en España. Es necesario incidir en la adopción de hábitos de vida saludable que disminuyan su repercusión sanitaria. El farmacéutico comunitario debe aprovechar su posición estratégica para educar a la población de riesgo

Nursing knowledge of and attitude in cardiopulmonary arrest: cross-sectional survey analysis

Background: Nurses are often the first to activate the chain of survival when a cardiorespiratory arrest happens. That is why it is crucial that they keep their knowledge and skills up-to-date and their attitudes to resuscitation are very important. The main aim of this study was to analyse whether the level of theoretical and practical understanding affected the attitudes of nursing staff. Methods: A questionnaire was designed using the Delphi technique (three rounds). The questionnaire was adjusted and it was piloted on a test-retest basis with a convenience sample of 30 registered nurses. The psychometric characteristics were evaluated using a sample of 347 nurses using Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive analysis was performed to describe the sociodemographic variables and Spearman's correlation coefficient to assess the relationship between two scale variables. Pearson's chi-squared test has been used to study the relationship between two categorical variables. Wilcoxon Mann Whitney test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to establish relationships between the demographic/work related characteristics and the level of understanding. Results: The Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses in the Event of a Cardiorespiratory Arrest (CAEPCR) questionnaire comprised three sections: sociodemographic information, theoretical and practical understanding, and attitudes of ethical issues. Cronbach's alpha for the internal consistency of the attitudes questionnaire was 0.621. The knowledge that nurses self-reported with regard to cardiopulmonary arrest directly affected their attitudes. Their responses raised a number of bioethical issues. Conclusions: CAEPCR questionnaire is the first one which successfully linked knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to the attitudes towards ethical issues Health policies should ensure that CPR training is mandatory for nurses and all healthcare workers, and this training should include the ethical aspects.We thank Miguel Ángel de la Cal López and Teresa Gómez-García for supporting this project. This work was partially funded by the OSI Bilbao-Basurto (Osakidetza). There was no additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.S

Planificación de trayectorias para UAVs con Fast Marching Square adaptadas a requerimientos de vuelo

[Resumen] En este artículo se plantea un método destinado a la planificación de misiones globales para vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAVs, por sus siglas en inglés) en función de unos requerimientos iniciales específicos. La planificación es realizada en un entorno 3D. La metodología seguida está basada en la implementación del algoritmo Fast Marching Square (FM2) para generar la ruta m as corta en tiempo entre dos puntos, el cual incluye dos parámetros de ajuste. Estos dos parámetros de ajuste modificarán el primer potencial (W) generado por FM2 para adaptar la trayectoria resultante de acuerdo a unas necesidades iniciales, como pueden ser, el ahorro de energía o combustible, o simplemente el rastreo de una zona específica, lo que da lugar a una minimización de costes en términos generales. Diferentes simulaciones se han llevado a cabo obteniendo buenos resultados.Comunidad de Madrid; S2013/MIT-2748https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749808

UAVs mission planning with flight level constraint using Fast Marching Square Method

In the last decade, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been a research focus for many purposes. Many of these studies require a path planning to perform autonomous flights, as well as the maintenance of a fixed flight level with respect to the ground to capture videos or overlying images. This article presents an approach to plan a mission for UAVs keeping a fixed flight level constraint. The 3D environment where the planning is carried out is an open field with non-uniform terrain. The approach proposed is based on the Fast Marching Square (FM ) method, which generates a path free from obstacles. Our approach includes two adjustment parameters. Depending on the values of these parameters, the restriction of flight level can be modified, as well as the smoothness and safety of the generated paths. Simulated experiments carried out in this work demonstrate that the proposed approach generates trajectories respecting a fixed flight level over the ground with successful results.The research leading to these results has received funding from the RoboCity2030-III-CM project (Robótica aplicada a la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos, fase III; S2013/MIT-2748), funded by Programas de Actividades I+D en la Comunidad de Madrid and cofunded by Structural Funds of the EU.Publicad

Effects of 3 mg/kg Body Mass of Caffeine on the Performance of Jiu-Jitsu Elite Athletes.

The effects of caffeine were investigated in judo, boxing, taekwondo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. However, this substance was never investigated regarding traditional jiu-jitsu. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the effects of caffeine in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and technical variables during combat in traditional jiu-jitsu elite athletes. Methods: Twenty-two young professionals of traditional jiu-jitsu, 11 men and 11 women (age = 22 ± 4 (18–33) years, body mass = 66.6 ± 10.8 (46.2–86.1) kg, height = 1.70 ± 0.9 (1.55–1.85) m) with 15 ± 7 years of experience in traditional jiu-jitsu, participated in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study. In two different conditions, the traditional jiu-jitsu athletes ingested 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine or a placebo. After 60 min, they performed the SJFT test to measure throwing performance, and subsequently, combat to analyze offensive and defensive hitting techniques. Results: Caffeine had a main effect on the number of throws during the SJFT test (P < 0.01). In addition, it was effective in sets 2 (13 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 2; p = 0.01) and 3 (12 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 1; p = 0.03). There was also a main effect during the test on heart rate when caffeine was ingested (F = 12.48, p < 0.01). The effects of caffeine were similar compared to the placebo condition regarding performance during combat both in offensive and defensive fighting variables Conclusions: the pre-exercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine increased performance in the SJFT test, decreased fatigue perception, and increased power and endurance perception in professionally traditional jiu-jitsu athletes. However, it did not seem to improve offensive and defensive technical actions during combat.post-print1054 K

Caffeine Doses of 3 mg/kg Increase Unilateral and Bilateral Vertical Jump Outcomes in Elite Traditional Jiu-Jitsu Athletes.

Caffeine increases vertical jump, although its effects on kinetics and kinematics during different phases of bilateral and unilateral jumps remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of 3 mg/kg on kinetic, kinematic and temporal variables in the concentric and eccentric phases of bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps. A total of 16 Spanish national team traditional Jiu-Jitsu athletes took part in two experimental trials (3 mg/kg caffeine or placebo) in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Sixty minutes after ingestion, bilateral and unilateral jumps were performed on a force platform. Compared to the placebo, caffeine increased bilateral jump height (p = 0.008; D% = 4.40), flight time (p = 0.008; D% = 2.20), flight time:contraction time (p = 0.029; D% = 8.90), concentric impulse (p = 0.018; D% = 1.80), peak power (p = 0.049; D% = 2.50), RSI-modified (p = 0.011; D% = 11.50) and eccentric mean braking force (p = 0.045; D% = 4.00). Additionally, caffeine increased unilateral RSI-mod in both legs (Left: p = 0.034; D% = 7.65; Right: p = 0.004; D% = 11.83), left leg flight time (p = 0.044; D% = 1.91), left leg jump height (p = 0.039; D% = 3.75) and right leg FT:CT (p = 0.040; D% = 9.72). Caffeine in a dose of 3 mg/kg BM in elite Jiu- Jitsu athletes is a recommended ergogenic aid as it increased performance of bilateral and unilateral vertical jumps. These increases were also accompanied by modified jump execution during the different phases of the countermovement prior to take-off.post-print746 K

Effect of ambient temperature on fat oxidation during an incremental cycling exercise test.

Aim: The objective of this current research was to compare fat oxidation rates during an incremental cycling exercise test in a temperate vs. hot environment. Methods: Twelve healthy young participants were recruited for a randomised crossover experimental design. Each participant performed a VO2max test in a thermoneutral environment followed by two cycling ramp test trials, one in a temperate environment (18.3°C) and another in a hot environment (36.3°C). The ramp test consisted of 3-min stages of increasing intensity (+10% of VO2max) while gas exchange, heart rate and perceived exertion were measured. Results: During exercise, there was a main effect of the environment temperature on fat oxidation rate (F = 9.35, P = 0.014). The rate of fat oxidation was lower in the heat at 30% VO2max (0.42 ± 0.15 vs.0.37 ± 0.13 g/min; P = 0.042), 60% VO2max (0.37 ± 0.27 vs.0.23 ± 0.23 g/min; P = 0.018) and 70% VO2max (0.22 ± 0.26 vs.0.12 ± 0.26 g/min; P = 0.007). In addition, there was a tendency for a lower maximal fat oxidation rate in the heat (0.55 ± 0.2 vs.0.48 ± 0.2 g/min; P = 0.052) and it occurred at a lower exercise intensity (44 ± 14 vs.38% ± 8% VO2max; P = 0.004). The total amount of fat oxidised was lower in the heat (5.8 ± 2.6 vs 4.6 ± 2.8 g; P = 0.002). The ambient temperature also produced main effects on heart rate (F = 15.18, P = 0.005) and tympanic temperature (F = 25.23, P = 0.001) with no effect on energy expenditure (F = 0.01, P = 0.945). Conclusion: A hot environment notably reduced fat oxidation rates during a ramp exercise test. Exercising in the heat should not be recommended for those individuals seeking to increase fat oxidation during exercise.pre-print375 K