Denitrification-derived nitric oxide modulates biofilm formation in Azospirillum brasilense

Azospirillum brasilense is a rhizobacterium that provides beneficial effects on plants when they colonize roots. The formation of complex bacterial communities known as biofilms begins with the interaction of planktonic cells with surfaces in response to appropriate signals. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule implicated in numerous processes in bacteria, including biofilm formation or dispersion, depending on genera and lifestyle. Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 produces NO by denitrification having a role in root growth promotion. We analyzed the role of endogenously produced NO on biofilm formation in A. brasilense Sp245 and in a periplasmic nitrate reductase mutant (napA::Tn5; Faj164) affected in NO production. Cells were statically grown in media with nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen sources and examined for biofilm formation using crystal violet and by confocal laser microscopy. Both strains formed bio- films, but the mutant produced less than half compared with the wild type in nitrate medium showing impaired nitrite production in this condition. NO measurements in biofilm confirmed lower values in the mutant strain. The addition of a NO donor showed that NO influences biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner and reverses the mutant phenotype, indicating that Nap positively regulates the formation of biofilm in A. brasilense Sp245.Fil: Arruebarrena Di Palma, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, Cintia Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Moreno Ramírez, Lizbeth. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Xiqui Vazquez, Maria L.. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Baca, Beatriz E.. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Pereyra, María Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lamattina, Lamattina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Creus, Cecilia Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Inverse Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies of the Stop Consortium

Background: Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We pooled data from 11 case-control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total dietary iron intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires combined with national nutritional tables. We derived the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of dietary iron through multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. Secondary analyses stratified by sex, smoking status, caloric intake, anatomical subsite and histological type were performed. Results: Among 4658 cases and 12247 controls, dietary iron intake was inversely associated with GC (per quartile OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93). Results were similar between cardia (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77-0.94) and non-cardia GC (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.94), and for diffuse (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69-0.89) and intestinal type (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.98). Iron intake exerted an independent effect from that of smoking and salt intake. Additional adjustment by meat and fruit/vegetable intake did not alter the results. Conclusions: Dietary iron is inversely related to GC, with no difference by subsite or histological type. While the results should be interpreted with caution, they provide evidence against a direct effect of iron in gastric carcinogenesis

Experiencias y trayectorias en torno de la salud, la interculturalidad, la atención sanitaria y la relación médico paciente. Centro de Salud Anidado del Hospital Asdrúbal de la Torre. Cantón Cotacachi. Provincia de Imbabura. 2018-2019

El estudio etnográfico realizado en el centro de salud anidado al Hospital Asdrúbal de la Torre cuyo objetivo principal era describir y analizar la construcción de la interculturalidad, la atención sanitaria y la relación médico-paciente en sus usuarios, se hizo mediante la utilización de técnicas como la entrevista y los grupos focales, obteniendo diversas opiniones y vivencias sobre indicadores cualitativos específicos. A través de este estudio se obtuvieron testimonios que permite observar la riqueza cultural que tiene Cotacachi y la influencia de su cultura en la salud y enfermedad de sus habitantes y de sus comunidades, así como la necesidad de profundizar en temas como la igualdad social y la discriminación, y de una mejora sustancial de la revisión médica en los pacientes del centro de salud y de actitudes tanto de médicos como los funcionarios de dicha dependencia hacia sus usuarios. Del análisis de la multiplicidad de experiencias malas y buenas de los informantes del estudio, se han obtenido conclusiones y recomendaciones beneficiosas para la sociedad de Cotacachi, ya que, únicamente a través de las vivencias se puede determinar ciertas falencias del sistema de salud objeto de estudio que pueden ser corregidas y mejoradas y que están apegadas al sentir de la gente y no únicamente, se basan en indicadores estadísticos derivados de estudios cuantitativos. La mirada de cada uno de los informantes frente a temas como la definición, prevención y la promoción de salud, permite apreciar la importancia de una educación permanente en aspectos integrales de salud que incremente la calidad de vida de los integrantes de dicha comunidad y que sirva de punto de reflexión para otras regiones del Ecuador con diversidad étnica

Public participation as an aid to conserve little known species: The case of the neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) in central Mexico

Public participation is often disregarded during conservation projects despite the potential benefits as it can help to determine priority areas for conservation in highly fragmented landscapes or to increase knowledge of little known species. However, there is no information about its potential application in Central Mexico. We undertook a preliminary assessment based on 30 interviews preformed between December 2011 and May 2012 with hunters aimed to determine the presence, feeding habits, reproduction periods, and -threats of the neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) in a fragmented landscape in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Twenty three of the interviewed hunters indicated that the species is rare and considered to be solitary however, they have observed cubs and pregnant females feeding mainly on fish and crustaceans were made. Pollution, shortage of prey, habitat disturbance, and hunting were the main threats on the species. We verified the presence responses of the neotropical otter through field work and the life history information was obtained by doing a literature review. We concluded that public participation can be confidently incorporated in conservation plans of the neotropical otter in the Sierra Madre Oriental

New <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Strains Isolated from <i>Prosopis glandulosa</i> Rhizosphere for Suppressing <i>Fusarium</i> Spp. and Enhancing Growth of <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.

Rhizobacteria from desert plants can alleviate biotic stress and suppress plant diseases, and consequently can enhance plant growth. Therefore, the current study was performed to isolate and identify Prosopis glandulosa-associating rhizobacteria based on their antagonistic activity against Fusarium species and plant growth-promoting properties. Three bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis: LDA-1, LDA-2, and LDA-3. The molecular analysis suggests the biosynthesis of the bacteriocins subtilisin and subtilosin, as well as the lipopeptide iturin, by these strains. In addition, the antagonistic study by dual-culture assay showed a high efficacy of all B. subtilis strains against phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium nygamai, F. equisseti, F. solani, F. solani ICADL1, and F. oxysporum ICADL2) with inhibition percentages ranging from 43.3 to 83.5% in comparison to the control. Moreover, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed significant differences in the cell wall topography of the F. solani ICADL1 among the treated mycelia and untreated control. As a result, these three B. subtilis strains were used as bioinoculants for cotton seedlings infected by F. solani ICADL1 in pot trials, and the results revealed that the bacterial inoculations as an individual or combined with F. solani ICADL1 significantly improved cotton root and stem length, lateral roots, indole acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA3) contents, as well as increased antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenols in comparison to those obtained from healthy and infected control plants. In conclusion, the three bacterial strains of B. subtilis (i.e., LDA-1, LDA-2, and LDA-3) are considered promising tools as biocontrol agents for F. solani and cotton growth promoters, and consequently can be used as bio-ertilizer in sustainable agriculture systems

Inoculación de Trichoderma longibrachiatum en algodón transgénico: Cambios en compuestos fenólicos y enzimas de estrés oxidativo

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and the production of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in transgenic cotton plants in response to inoculation with Trichoderma longibrachiatum (ICA-4). Ninety days after inoculation with T. longibrachiatum, leaves of the cotton plants were collected and the enzymes PAL, POX and phenolic compounds were determined. The results showed that inoculation increased the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids by 18% and 45%, respectively, compared to non-inoculatedplants. The activity of the enzymes peroxidase (4.88 Ux10-5/mg protein), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (0.0176 U/mg protein) showed significant differences compared to the enzymatic activity of uninoculated plants (3, 48x10-5 U/mg proteinfor POX and 0.01 U/mg proteinfor PAL). These results suggest the induction of a systemic resistance response induced by seed inoculation with the Trichoderma ICA-4 strain.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad de las enzimas fenilalanina amonio-liasa (PAL), peroxidasa (POX) y la producción de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides en plantas de algodón transgénico en respuesta a la inoculación con Trichoderma longibrachiatum (ICA-4). Noventa días después de la inoculación con T. longibrachiatum, hojas de las plantas de algodón fueron colectadas y las enzimas PAL, POX y los compuestos fenólicos fueron determinados. Los resultados mostraron que la inoculación aumentó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides en 18% y 45%, respectivamente; comparadas con plantas no inoculadas. La actividad de las enzimas peroxidasa (4,88 Ux10-5/mg de proteína), y fenilalanina amonia-liasa (0,0176 U/mg de proteína) mostraron diferencias significativas en comparación con la actividad enzimática de plantas no inoculadas (3,48x10-5 U/mg proteína para POX y 0,01 U/mg de proteína para PAL). Estos resultados sugieren la inducción de una respuesta de resistencia sistémica inducida por la inoculación de las semillas con la cepa Trichoderma ICA-4

Exilio y presencia : Costa Rica y México en el siglo XX

Exilio Iberoamericano es parte de los estudios sobre este tema en los siglos XIX y XX. Los ensayos que componen la obra, realizados por investigadores de diversas nacionalidades y disciplinas, muestran la movilidad forzada de ciertos sectores de la población de desplazamientos a través de las coyunturas políticas que han afectado a distintas naciones en los ámbitos regional y mundial, y que motivaron el exilio de grupos de activistas políticos, intelectuales y científicos, así como la salida masiva de ciudadanos en busca de salvaguardar su vida. Un texto imprescindible para comprender las causas y efectos de este fenómeno, así como para evitar su repetición en el siglo XXI.Libro

Role of Bioactive Compounds in Obesity: Metabolic Mechanism Focused on Inflammation

Obesity is a disease characterized by an inflammatory process in the adipose tissue due to diverse infiltrated immune cells, an increased secretion of proinflammatory molecules, and a decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules. On the other hand, obesity increases the risk of several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Their treatment is based on nutritional and pharmacological strategies. However, natural products are currently implemented as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Polyphenols and fiber are naturally compounds with potential action to reduce inflammation through several pathways and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity, as well as in other non-communicable diseases. Hence, this review focuses on the recent evidence of the molecular mechanisms of polyphenols and dietary fiber, from Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed, among others, by using key words and based on recent in vitro and in vivo studies

Tiempo Social: experiencias en el convexto COVI-19

Tiempo social: experiencias en el contexto Covid-19 visibiliza prácticas de sujetos que están articulando, ordenando y organizando su tiempo y su espacio. Un tiempo donde las infecciones, como afirma Zizek, están de la mano de ambas dimensiones: la real y la virtual. Dos ejes guían este trabajo: el primero es el deporte y el segundo es la educación. ¿Cómo se reconfiguran estos temas? La pandemia obviamente generó y estará generando cambios en el deporte y en la actividad física, y las instituciones que coordinan ese tipo de actividades están modificando sus formas de administrarlas y gestionarlas. Para el caso de la educación en línea es necesaria, sin embargo, escasa; de entrada, se deben revisar los paradigmas educativos, los retos de los profesores y de los alumnos

Inverse Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies of the Stop Consortium.

Background: Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We pooled data from 11 case-control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total dietary iron intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires combined with national nutritional tables. We derived the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of dietary iron through multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. Secondary analyses stratified by sex, smoking status, caloric intake, anatomical subsite and histological type were performed. Results: Among 4658 cases and 12247 controls, dietary iron intake was inversely associated with GC (per quartile OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93). Results were similar between cardia (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77-0.94) and non-cardia GC (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.94), and for diffuse (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69-0.89) and intestinal type (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.98). Iron intake exerted an independent effect from that of smoking and salt intake. Additional adjustment by meat and fruit/vegetable intake did not alter the results. Conclusions: Dietary iron is inversely related to GC, with no difference by subsite or histological type. While the results should be interpreted with caution, they provide evidence against a direct effect of iron in gastric carcinogenesis