Early in vivo detection of denervation-induced atrophy by luminescence transient nanothermometry

Denervation induces skeletal muscle atrophy due to the loss of control and feedback with the nervous system. Unfortunately, muscle atrophy only becomes evident days after the denervation event when it could be irreversible. Alternative diagnosis tools for early detection of denervation-induced muscle atrophy are, thus, required. In this work, we demonstrate how the combination of transient thermometry, a technique already used for early diagnosis of tumors, and infrared-emitting nanothermometers makes possible the in vivo detection of the onset of muscle atrophy at short (<1 day) times after a denervation event. The physiological reasons behind these experimental results have been explored by performing three dimensional numerical simulations based on the Pennes' bioheat equation. It is concluded that the alterations in muscle thermal dynamics at the onset of muscle atrophy are consequence of the skin perfusion increment caused by the alteration of peripheral nervous autonomous system. This work demonstrates the potential of infrared luminescence thermometry for early detection of diseases of the nervous system opening the venue toward the development of new diagnosis toolsComunidad de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: S2017/BMD-3867 RENIM-CM; COST action CA17140 (Nano2Clinic); European Structural and Investment Fund and the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-MINECO, Grant/Award Number: PID2019-106211RB-I00; Juan de la Cierva scholarship, Grant/Award Number: IJC2020-045229-

Lessons from the COVID-19 air pollution decrease in Spain: Now what?

We offer an overview of the COVID-19 -driven air quality changes across 11 metropolises in Spain with the focuson lessons learned on how continuing abating pollution. Trafficflow decreased by up to 80% during the lockdownand remained relatively low during the full relaxation (June and July). After the lockdown a significant shift frompublic transport to private vehicles (+21% in Barcelona) persisted due to the pervasive fear that using publictransport might increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which need to be reverted as soon as possible. NO2levels fell below 50% of the WHO annual air quality guidelines (WHOAQGs), but those of PM2.5were reducedless than expected due to the lower contributions from traffic, increased contributions from agricultural and do-mestic biomass burning, or meteorological conditions favoring high secondary aerosol formation yields. Evenduring the lockdown, the annual PM2.5WHOAQG was exceeded in cities within the NE and E regions withhigh NH3emissions from farming and agriculture. Decreases in PM10levels were greater than in PM2.5due to reduced emissions from road dust, vehicle wear, and construction/demolition. Averaged O3daily maximum 8-h(8hDM) experienced a generalized decrease in the rural receptor sites in the relaxation (June–July) with−20%reduced mobility. For urban areas O38hDM responses were heterogeneous, with increases or decreases depend-ing on the period and location. Thus, after canceling out the effect of meteorology, 5 out of 11 cities experiencedO3decreases during the lockdown, while the remaining 6 either did not experience relevant reductions or in-creased. During the relaxation period and coinciding with the growing O3season (June–July), most cities expe-rienced decreases. However, the O3WHOAQG was still exceeded during the lockdown and full relaxationperiods in several cities. For secondary pollutants, such as O3and PM2.5, further chemical and dispersion model-ing along with source apportionment techniques to identify major precursor reduction targets are required toevaluate their abatement potential

Effectiveness of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic Vaccination in a Population at High Risk of Mpox: A Spanish Cohort Study

Background: With over 7,500 cases notified since April 2022, Spain has experienced the highest incidence of mpox in Europe. From July 12th onwards, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic (MVA-BN) smallpox vaccine was offered as pre-exposure prophylaxis for individuals at high-risk of mpox, including those receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (HIV-PrEP). Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of one dose of MVA-BN vaccine as pre-exposure against mpox virus (MPXV) infection in persons on HIV-PrEP. Methods: We conducted a national retrospective cohort study between July 12 and December 12, 2022. Individuals ≥18 years, receiving HIV-PrEP as of July 12 and with no previous MPXV infection or vaccination were eligible. Each day, we matched individuals receiving a first dose of MVA-BN vaccine and unvaccinated controls of the same age group and region. We used a Kaplan-Meier estimator and calculate risk ratios (RR) and vaccine effectiveness (VE = 1-RR). Results: We included 5,660 matched pairs, with a median follow-up of 62 days (interquartile range 24-97). Mpox cumulative incidence was 5.6 per 1,000 (25 cases) in unvaccinated and 3.5 per 1,000 (18 cases) in vaccinated. No effect was found during days 0-6 post-vaccination (VE -38.3; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -332.7; 46.4), but VE was 65% in ≥7 days (95%CI 22.9; 88.0) and 79% in ≥14 days (95%CI 33.3; 100.0) post-vaccination. Conclusions: One dose of MVA-BN vaccine offered protection against mpox in a most-at-risk population shortly after the vaccination. Further studies need to assess the VE of a second dose and the duration of protection over time.S

Presentación de "Science for policy"

Datos técnicos: 187 minutos, color, español. Ficha técnica: Gabinete de Presidencia CSIC y Departamento de Comunicación. Emitido en directo el 28 jun 2023El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) presenta este miércoles, 28 de junio, en su sede central en Madrid, los informes Ciencia para las Políticas Públicas (Science For Policy). Elaborados por equipos de investigadores del CSIC, tienen el objetivo de servir de puente entre los centros de investigación y los decisores políticos para contribuir a la definición de políticas públicas basadas en la evidencia científica.Peer reviewe

Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero ([removed]2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16–0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26–0·57; p[removed]11 página

Cultura, innovación, internacionalización y vinculación de la Pyme con la Universidad : barómetro económico de la PYME 2011

Este barómetro corresponde al año 2011 y recoge información sobre: •Características generales de la empresa y expectativas. •Grado y capacidad de internacionalización de la empresa. •Relación de la empresa con el medio-ambiente. •Tecnología y grado de innovación de la empresa. •Organización, cultura empresarial y estrategia. •Vinculación de la empresa con la Universidad. •Evolución del rendimiento de la empresa respecto de la competenciaRegión de Murcia, Consejería de Universidades, Empresas e Innovación, INFO (Instituto de Fomento de la Regiñon de Murcia

COVID-19 outbreaks in a transmission control scenario: challenges posed by social and leisure activities, and for workers in vulnerable conditions, Spain, early summer 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. From mid-June to 2 August, excluding single household outbreaks, 673 outbreaks were notified nationally, 551 active (>6,200 cases) at the time. More than half of these outbreaks and cases coincided with: (i) social (family/friends’ gatherings or leisure venues) and (ii) occupational (mainly involving workers in vulnerable conditions) settings. Control measures were accordingly applied

Nutrición en Salud Pública

La salud pública es uno de los esfuerzos colectivos organizados de la sociedad para prevenir la muerte prematura, la enfermedad, las lesiones y la discapacidad, y para promover la salud de las poblaciones. La Nutrición es la ciencia que estudia el conjunto de procesos por los cuales un organismo utiliza la energía de los alimentos para mantenerse y crecer; o, expresado de forma más operativa, la ciencia que estudia los alimentos, nutrientes y otras sustancias relacionadas, su interacción y balance en relación con la salud y la enfermedad y los procesos por los cuales el organismo ingiere, digiere, absorbe, transporta, utiliza y extrae las sustancias alimenticias. A partir de estas definiciones, podemos conceptualizar la nutrición en salud pública o la salud pública nutricional (public health nutrition) como la ciencia que estudia la relación entre dieta y salud a nivel poblacional y el desarrollo de intervenciones nutricionales a nivel comunitario con el objeto de mejorar el estado de salud de las poblaciones