Doubled haploids in eggplant

[EN] This review compiles the most relevant advances made in the production of doubled haploid plants in eggplant, the application of doubled haploid lines in breeding programs, and the future perspectives for the development of alternative technologies for doubled haploid generation in this species. Eggplant is a solanaceous crop cultivated worldwide for its edible fruit. Eggplant breeding programs are mainly aimed to the generation of F1 hybrids by crossing two highly homozygous, pure lines, which are traditionally obtained upon several self crossing generations, which is an expensive and time consuming process. Alternatively, fully homozygous, doubled haploid (DH) individuals can be induced from haploid cells of the germ line in a single generation. Several attempts have been made to develop protocols to produce eggplant DHs principally using anther culture and isolated microspore culture. Eggplant could be considered a moderately recalcitrant species in terms of ability for DH production. Anther culture stands nowadays as the most valuable technology to obtain eggplant DHs. However, the theoretical possibility of having plants regenerated from somatic tissues of the anther walls cannot be ruled out. For this reason, the use of isolated microspores is recommended when possible. This approach still has room for improvement, but it is largely genotype-dependent. In this review, we compile the most relevant advances made in DH production in eggplant, their application to breeding programs, and the future perspectives for the development of other, less genotype-dependent, DH technologies.This research was funded by the Valencian Government, grant number CDEIGENT 2018/023 to RMM and by the Spanish MICINN, grant number PID2020-115763RB-I00 to JMSS. ACS is the recipient of a predoctoral contract from the FPU program of the Spanish Government.Mir Moreno, R.; Calabuig-Serna, A.; Seguí-Simarro, JM. (2021). Doubled haploids in eggplant. Biology. 10(7):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070685S11610

Deciding Whether a Law is Constitutional, Interpretable, or Unconstitutional

A high court has to decide whether a law is constitutional, un- constitutional, or interpretable. The voting system is runoff. Runoff voting systems can be interpreted both, as social choice functions or as mechanisms. It is known that, for universal domains of preferences, runoff voting systems have several drawbacks as social choice functions. Although in our setting the preferences are restricted to be single-peaked over three alternatives, these problems persist. Runoff mechanisms are not well-behaved either: they do not implement any Condorcet consistent social choice function in undominated subgame perfect Nash equilibria. We show, however, that some Condorcet consistent social choice functions can be implemented in dominant strategies via other simple and natural mechanisms.Runoff voting system; Condorcet consistency; strategy-proofness; implementation theory

Scaling of a standardized summary test (RESUMeV) for two primary school grades

El objetivo del estudio fue el de mostrar evidencias de fiabilidad y validez para una prueba de resúmenes (RESUMev) que evalúa el grado de comprensión lectora en alumnos de cuarto y sexto de primaria. Participaron un total de 528 estudiantes de primaria, de los cuales 236 fueron estudiantes de 4º de primaria (9 y 10 años) y 292 a 6º de primaria (11 a 13 años). Todos estos alumnos procedían de 21 centros escolares. Para evaluar la consistencia interna, se calculó el alfa de Cronbach en los criterios de evaluación de resúmenes (contenido, coherencia y estilo) y su índice de homogeneidad (Hj). La validez se evaluó mediante la comparación entre niveles académicos. En cuanto a los resultados, se obtuvieron índices elevados significativos de fiabilidad y de validez. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia empírica para la validez de la pruebaThe purpose of this work was to collect construct and criterion-related evidence of validity for a summary test (RESUMeV) designed to assess students from fourth and sixth grade. The sample of this study consisted of 528 children, 236 from fourth grade and 296 from sixth grade. They were drawn from 21 different primary schools. Several criteria were used. To evaluate the internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for all summary evaluation criteria (content, coherence, and style); a homogeneity index (Hj) was calculated too. The validity was evaluated by comparing academic levels. As for the results, both reliability and validity indices were high and significant. These results provide empirical evidence for the validity of the summary testEste trabajo ha sido subvencionado por el MINNECO PSI2013 47219-

Envejeciendo con Dignidad

Tablas, anexosEste estudio está basado en las diferentes problemáticas reales que se presentan al interior de las familias de las personas que asisten a la casa Palermo (Secretaria Distrital de Integración Social), en donde se utilizan Instrumentos de recolección de información como metaplán (para hacer un diagnostico rápido participativo), en el cual la población objeto, visibiliza y visualiza los posibles problemas que se presentan en el ámbito familiar. De la misma forma se hace una investigación que servirá para diseñar una propuesta de intervención para tratar el maltrato y las problemáticas que inciden en este, profundizando y estableciendo relaciones causales entre las diversas categorías que allí se presentan, que sirva como instrumento para implementar en la Casa de Integración Social Palermo con las personas que asisten y sus familias. Limitaciones que se han presentado son: la dificultad con el permiso para trabajar con el 20 % de los adultos mayores de la casa Palermo, debido al problema de tiempo y espacio en cuanto a las reuniones con la Directora y la población muestra de los adultos mayores. De otra parte los alcances están dirigidos a la obtención de la información relevante en el proceso de sensibilización ante el tema de la escasa comunicación asertiva, al reconocimiento de los factores influyentes en el maltrato familiar.No Abstrac

Live Imaging of Axolotl Digit Regeneration Reveals Spatiotemporal Choreography of Diverse Connective Tissue Progenitor Pools

Connective tissues—skeleton, dermis, pericytes, fascia—are a key cell source for regenerating the patterned skeleton during axolotl appendage regeneration. This complexity has made it difficult to identify the cells that regenerate skeletal tissue. Inability to identify these cells has impeded a mechanistic understanding of blastema formation. By tracing cells during digit tip regeneration using brainbow transgenic axolotls, we show that cells from each connective tissue compartment have distinct spatial and temporal profiles of proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Chondrocytes proliferate but do not migrate into the regenerate. In contrast, pericytes proliferate, then migrate into the blastema and give rise solely to pericytes. Periskeletal cells and fibroblasts contribute the bulk of digit blastema cells and acquire diverse fates according to successive waves of migration that choreograph their proximal-distal and tissue contributions. We further show that platelet-derived growth factor signaling is a potent inducer of fibroblast migration, which is required to form the blastema.Fil: Currie, Joshua D.. Technische Universität Dresden; Alemania. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics; AlemaniaFil: Kawaguchi, Akane. Technische Universität Dresden; AlemaniaFil: Traspas, Ricardo Moreno. Technische Universität Dresden; AlemaniaFil: Schuez, Maritta. Technische Universität Dresden; AlemaniaFil: Chara, Osvaldo. Technische Universität Dresden; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Tanaka, Elly M.. Technische Universität Dresden; Alemania. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics; Alemani

CHEST WALL KINEMATICS OF ATHLETES WITH TETRAPLEGIA

The purpose of this study was to analyze the 3D dimensional kinematics of the chest wall to describe the respiratory movement of tetraplegic athletes. Wheelchair rugby players were filmed during respiratory maneuvers. Markers were affixed to the trunk of the volunteers. From the 3D coordinates of markers, four compartmental volumes of the trunk were calculated. We analyzed the coefficient of variation of volumes in different compartments of the trunk for each subject, and the results were compared among the compartments. It was possible to verify the contribution of each compartment during respiration. The lower abdomen compartment had the highest average coefficient of variation. The methodology was able to identify the volume variations of chest wall and can be efficient to evaluate the effects of sports on ventilatory mechanics of tetrapelgic

Let's End HepC: modelling public health epidemiological policies applied to Hepatitis C in Spain

Background: The WHO has defined international targets toward the elimination of hepatitis C by 2030. Most countries cannot be on track to achieve this goal unless many challenges are surpassed. The Let's End HepC (LEHC) tool aims to contribute to the control of hepatitis C. The innovation of this tool combines the modelling of public health policies (PHP) focused on hepatitis C with epidemiological modelling of the disease, obtaining a unique result that allows to forecast the impact of policy outcomes. The model was applied to several countries, including Spain. Methods: To address the stated objective, we applied the “Adaptive Conjoint Analysis” for PHP decision-making and Markov Chains in the LEHC modelling tool. The tool also aims to be used as an element of health literacy for patient advocacy through gamification mechanisms and country comparability. The LEHC project has been conducted in several countries, including Spain. The population segments comprised in the project are: People Who Inject Drugs (PWID), prisoners, blood products, remnant population. Results: A total of 24 PHP related to hepatitis C were included in the LEHC project. It was identified that Spain had fully implemented 14 of those policies to control hepatitis C. According to LEHC's model forecast, the WHO's Hepatitis C elimination goal on reducing the number of patients living with Hepatitis C to 10% can be achieved in Spain by 2026 if current policies are maintained. The model estimates that the total population in Spain, by 2026, is expected to comprise 26,367 individuals living with hepatitis C. Moreover, if the 24 PHP considered for this study are fully implemented in Spain, the elimination goal may be achieved in 2024, with 29,615 individuals living with hepatitis C by that year. Conclusion: The findings corroborate the view that Spain has set great efforts in directing PHP toward Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) elimination by 2030. However, there is still room for improvement, namely in further implementing 10 of the 24 PHP considered for the LEHC project. By maintaining the 14 PHP in force, the LEHC model estimates the HCV elimination in the country by 2026, and by 2024 if further measures are employed to control the disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clonal effect on rooting and acclimation rates for in-vitro micropropagation in hybrid walnut (Juglans x intermedia Mj 209): preliminary observations

The success of walnut (Juglans sp.) planted forests for timber production have been very variable and genetic material is considered as one of the main drivers (together with site selection and forest management) for the success or failure of the plantations, as the performance of the trees from seed material is very variable. Considering the relevance of this genetic material, several clones have been selected and research have been conducted in order to improve micropropagation procedures. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effects of different clones in the rooting and acclimation rates for in-vitro micropropagation in hybrid walnut (Juglans x intermedia Mj 209). The results show a significative effect of clones on the rooting and the total micropropagation efficiency rates, but not on the acclimation rate. The efficiency rate of D-117 (65%) is considered statistically higher than the one for D-15 (38%), caused by a higher rooting rate of D-117 (73%) compared with D-15 (55%), because acclimation rate (57%) did not show any clone effect. Considering these differences in the micropropagation success, it might be considered (together with other factors) for clone selection to increase the general performance of the plant production units in large-scale propagation