The Technological Diversity of Lithic Industries in Eastern South America during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene Transition

Brazilian archaeological literature has insisted for decades upon associating hunter-gatherer sites dated to the Pleistocene–Holocene transition either to the Itaparica tradition, if located in central or northeastern Brazil, or to the Umbu tradition and Humaitá tradition, if located in southern Brazil, Uruguay, or any other adjacent part of Paraguay and Argentina. These associations have been based almost entirely on the presence or absence of lesmas and “projectile points,” regardless of their morphological and technological features. In the Uruguayan archaeological literature, three other cultures are recognised: Fell industry, Catalanense industry, and Tigre tradition, all in the Uruguayan region. However, the last 10 years of systematic studies on the lithic assemblages from these sites have shown that Paleoindian societies from Eastern South America are more culturally diverse than expected and that previously defined archaeological cultures present several issues in their definition, suggesting that many of these “traditions” are not valid and should no longer be used. Instead, new lithic industries and archaeological cultures should be defined only when cultural patterns are observable through systematic analyses

Gluten Immunogenic Peptides as Standard for the Evaluation of Potential Harmful Prolamin Content in Food and Human Specimen

Gluten is a complex mixture of storage proteins in cereals like wheat, barley, and rye. Prolamins are the main components of gluten. Their high content in proline and glutamine makes them water-insoluble and difficult to digest in the gastrointestinal tract. Partial digestion generates peptide sequences which trigger immune responses in celiac and gluten-sensitive patients. Gluten detection in food is challenging because of the diversity, in various food matrices, of protein proportions or modifications and the huge number of immunogenic sequences with differential potential immunoactivity. Attempts to develop standard reference materials have been unsuccessful. Recent studies have reported the detection of a limited number of dominant Gluten Immunogenic Peptides (GIP) that share similarities to epitopes presented in the α-gliadin 33-mer, which showed to be highly proteolytic resistant and is considered to be the most immunodominant peptide within gluten in celiac disease (CD). GIP were detectable and quantifiable in very different kind of difficult to analyze food, revealing the potential immunogenicity by detecting T-cell activity of celiac patients. But GIP were also found in stool and urine of celiac patients on a supposedly gluten-free diet (GFD), showing the capacity to resist and be absorbed and excreted from the body, providing the first simple and objective means to assess adherence to the GFD. Methods to specifically and sensitively detect the most active GIP in food and biological fluids are rational candidates may use similar analytical standard references for determination of the immunopathological risk of gluten exposure in gluten-related diseases.España, MINECO AGL2013-48946-CEspaña, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades y Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía (CTA

Ensino bilíngue em Brasília : uma visão panorâmica da aquisição de L2

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Linguística, Português e Línguas Clássicas, 2018.O tema do presente trabalho é o ensino bilíngue— Português e Inglês— e suas extensões na fala e na escrita de jovens no cenário brasiliense. O objetivo precípuo é observar e analisar as características do ensino bilíngue em uma escola privada do Plano Piloto, sendo o foco a turma de sétimo ano do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa localiza-se nas interfaces Sociolinguística e Aquisição de Linguagem, e a sua metodologia elementar é composta de coleta de dados bibliográfica e de campo (observação, anotações e entrevista). Foram observadas as práticas de ensino em uma segunda língua, feitas entrevistas gravadas e, por conseguinte, todos esses elementos foram analisados por meio da interface sociolinguística e aquisição da linguagem. O referencial teórico foi dado, entre outras, pelas obras de Chomsky, Saussure, Fisher e Bloomfield. A conclusão alcançada foi a de que o ensino bilíngue no Brasil precisa focalizar mais detidamente em estratégias específicas de ensino para L2, na preparação de professor e na interação entre os alunos, uma vez que, quase sempre, o único local em que o estudante conviverá com a língua inglesa será a escola. Além disso, a Língua Portuguesa, que representará as outras instâncias e contextos da vida desses estudantes, exercerá uma força centrípeta em relação ao Inglês em termos de influências e interferências, como as análises apontaram neste estudo.The theme of this present work is the bilingual education— Portuguese and English— and its extensions in speech and writing of teenagers found in the brasiliense scenario. The initial purpose is to observe and analyze the characteristics of bilingual education in a private school in Plano Piloto being the focus its seventh grade of the elementary school. The research comprehends Sociolinguistic and Language Acquisition interfaces, being its main methodology composed by bibliographic and field data collect (observation, notes and interview). It was observed teaching practices through a second language, recorded interviews and, therefore, all of these elements were analyzed through a sociolinguistic interface and through language acquisition. The theoretical reference used, among others, was taken from the research of Chomsky, Saussure, Fisher and Bloomfield. The conclusion achieved was that the bilingual education in Brazil demands more focalization in specific strategies of second language education, in the preparation of teachers and in the interaction between students, once, often, the only ambient in which the student will be able to practice English is the school. Furthermore, Portuguese that will represent the other instances and contexts of the life of these students, will exercise a centripetal force in relation to English in terms of influences and interferences, as the analysis presented in this research

Territorialização nacional da Educação do Campo: marcos históricos no Sudeste paraense

This article discusses the national territorialization of Education in Brazilian rural areas. The focus here is on the implementation of a Degree in Rural Education (LEDoC), especially in Federal Institutions of Superior Education (IFES). This paper is looking for the understanding of the national policy of expansion and territorialization of these courses by reflecting on actions and implementation of programs in this kind of Education from the protagonism of social movements and the national territorialization of the Teaching Degree in Rural Education (LEDoC). The privileged source of research is the Superior Education Census, published in 2017 by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research (INEP). The process of constitution of actions and programs in Education in rural areas was historicized, highlighting the effects of the national policy of expansion of LEDoC in Southeast Pará, where the first Brazilian Faculty of Rural Education, linked to the Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), was created. Nationally, this faculty has the largest number of students enrolled in the course. Data from 40 courses, run by 27 Federal Institutions of Superior Education (IFES), distributed between capitals and cities in the interior of 17 Brazilian states, plus the Federal District, had been analyzed.O artigo aborda a territorialização nacional da Educação do Campo no Brasil com foco na implementação dos cursos de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo (LEDoC), em especial nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES). Buscou-se compreender a política nacional de expansão e territorialização desses cursos, refletindo acerca de ações e implementação de programas em Educação do Campo desde o protagonismo dos movimentos sociais e da territorialização nacional dos cursos de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo (LEDoC). A fonte privilegiada da pesquisa é o Censo da Educação Superior, publicado em 2017 pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP). Historicizou-se o processo de constituição das ações e programas em Educação do Campo, destacando-se os efeitos da política nacional de expansão da LEDoC no Sudeste do Pará, onde foi criada a primeira Faculdade de Educação do Campo do país, vinculada à Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (UNIFESSPA) e que, nacionalmente, tem o maior número de alunos matriculados no curso. Foram analisados dados dos 40 cursos, executados por 27 Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES), distribuídos entre capitais e municípios do interior de 17 estados brasileiros, mais o Distrito Federal

Quality of Life in Teenagers and Adults With Coeliac Disease: From Newly Spanish Coeliac Disease Questionnaire Validation to Assessment in a Population-Based Study

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Gluten restriction in CD sufferers leads to numerous limitations in various aspects of daily life and can significantly impact the quality-of-life (QoL). The specific and widely used Coeliac Disease Questionnaire (CDQ) is an excellent tool to evaluate QoL in patients with CD, assessing physical, psychological, and social domains. This questionnaire is unavailable in Spain. Therefore, our study is the first to translate, culturally adapt, validate, and apply the Spanish version of CDQ to a representative sample of Spanish teenagers and adults with CD. Methods: A total of 153 CD participants with biopsy-proven and self-reported gluten-free adherence were included in the cross-sectional study, which included four stages: (1) translation and retranslation of the French CDQ version into Spanish; (2) cultural adaptation and semantic evaluation; (3) CDQ validation through the internal consistency determination and reproducibility of the QoL; and (4) application of the questionnaire to Spanish teenagers and adults with CD and estimation of QoL using EQ-5D. Results: The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the Spanish CDQ were satisfactory and no ceiling or floor effects were detected. Significant correlations were identified between the CDQ scales, and the instrument for validation covering similar dimensions of the QoL was identified. The mean CDQ total score was 131.03 ± 24.1, and the social domain had the highest rating. There was no correlation between the time spent on a gluten-free diet and QoL. A significantly higher QoL score was reported among males and adolescents in the 15–17 age groups. Conclusion: The newly Spanish CDQ is an appropriate tool to assess the QoL of the teenager and adult patients with CD. This study highlights the importance of identifying the affected scales to address actions to reduce the impact of the gluten-free diet burden of the coeliac patients and maintain public health regulations that support patients with chronic diseases such as CDCentro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial 20/0112Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía 20/011

Perovskites Used in Fuel Cells

Fuel cells are devices for energy generation with very high theoretical efficiency. Many researches were been carried out in the last few decades in order to develop reliable fuel cells. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and polymeric exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are those with more potential for commercial use. Specially for SOFC cathodes, many perovskites have been proposed as potential materials for this application. Nevertheless, other components of SOFC, such as the electrolytes, anodes and interconnects, have also been targeted with potential perovskites. More recently, the use of perovskites in PEMFC has also been proposed and studied. As many perovskite compositions can be used in SOFC components, some of the most important are discussed in this chapter and some recent works in perovskites for PEMFC are also referred. As a whole, in this chapter, the reader will find the relationship between the properties of perovskites with their compositions and the main effects of dopant agents regarding the utilization of these materials in different components of SOFC and in electrodes of PEMFC

Geologia, geocronologia e geoquímica do embasamento granítico paleoproterozóico em natividade, Faixa Brasília Norte

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, 2015.O embasamento paleoproterozóico da Faixa Brasília corresponde ao terreno granítico exposto no segmento norte da faixa. Ele representa um arco desenvolvido na borda oeste do Cráton do São Francisco, ou um arco acrescionado ao cráton. O embasamento é tradicionalmente dividido em dois domínios: Almas Conceição do Tocantins e Cavalcante-Arraias, nomeados em referência a cidades vizinhas. O primeiro é composto por tonalitos e granodioritos das suítes 1 e 2, intrusivos no Grupo Riachão do Ouro. No segundo, afloram granitos da suíte Aurumina, intrusivos na Formação Ticunzal. A oeste do domínio Almas-Conceição do Tocantins aflora o embasamento Natividade, área estudada neste projeto. O embasamento Natividade é composto por associações geológicas semelhantes às dos outros dois domínios, mas pouco detalhada em pesquisas anteriores. Ele é dividido em suíte Rio do Moleque, suíte Manuel Alves, suíte Xobó e Granito Príncipe, intrusivos na sequência sedimentar Água Suja. Rochas do embasamento foram submetidas a no mínimo dois eventos deformacionais: o primeiro no Paleoproterozóico e o segundo no fim Neoproterozóico. A orogenia paleoproterozóica atingiu fácies anfibolito, enquanto o evento Brasiliano, no Neoproterozóico, reequilibrou as paragêneses em fácies xisto verde. Datações U-Pb no embasamento Natividade sugerem ao menos quatro estágios de magmatismo: o primeiro mais velho que 2.3 Ga, o segundo entre 2.20 e 2.30 Ga, o terceiro entre 2.16 e 2.18 Ga e o último entre 2.12 e 2.15 Ga. Acredita-se que o primeiro, de idade sideriana, tenha formado o embasamento do arco que se desenvolveria no riaciano. Entretanto, não se sabe quais mecanismos foram responsáveis por sua geração. É possível que essas rochas tenham se formado em ambiente de arco magmático no fim do Arqueano e no início do Sideriano e retrabalhado a borda do Cráton do São Francisco. No Riaciano, um arco magmático de caráter juvenil se instala, caracterizando o segundo episódio magmático. O terceiro estágio é uma progressão do segundo e exibe magmas ligeiramente mais evoluídos. O quarto estágio de magmatismo ilustra a colisão de uma massa continental com o cráton. A colisão provocou fusão parcial da crosta e gerou granitos com características de granitos tipo S. As suítes 1 e 2 do domínio Almas-Conceição do Tocantins e as suites Rio do Moleque e Manuel Alves do embasamento Natividade caracterizam o magmatismo de arco, evoluindo em um trend calcialcalino. A suíte Aurumina, no domínio Cavalcante-Arraias, a suíte Xobó e o Granito Príncipe são os granitos sincolisionais, gerados por retrabalhamento crustal. Dados de Sm-Nd confirmam o caráter de fusão crustal desses granitos. Assim, domínios dentro do embasamento indicam áreas com predominância de rochas com assinatura de arco ou rochas de retrabalhamento crustal e não configuram blocos tectônicos distintos. É possível que as sequências vulcano-sedimentares – Grupo Riachão do Ouro, Formação Ticunzal e Sequência Água Suja - sejam contemporâneas e tenham pertencido à mesma bacia sedimentar. Desde o Riaciano, as rochas desenvolvidas nessa orogenia paleoproterozóica são parte do Cráton do São Francisco e constituem o embasamento sobre o qual sedimentos da Faixa Brasília foram depositados.Brasília Belt’s basement is the Paleoproterozoic granitic terrane exposed in the northern segment of the belt. It represents a magmatic arc developed on the western margin of São Francisco craton, or acreeted to it during Rhyacian. Basement is traditionally divided in two domains: Almas-Conceição do Tocantins and Cavalcante-Arraias, named after neighbouring cities. The former encompasses tonalites and granodiorites from Suites 1 and 2, intrusive in Riachão do Ouro Group; the latter is composed of granites from Aurumina suite, intrusive in Ticunzal Formation. West of Almas-Conceição do Tocantins crops out Natividade basement, the area detailed in this study. Natividade basement is composed of similar geologic units, but not detailed in previous researches. It is devided in Rio do Moleque suite, Manuel Alves suite, Xobó suite and Príncipe Granite. Magmatic suites are intrusive in Água Suja volcano-sedimentary sequence. Basement rocks underwent at least two deformational events, one during Paleoproterozoic, and the second during late Neoproterozoic. Paleoproterozoic event achieved amphibolite facies and Brasiliano Neoproterozoic event reequilibrated parageneses to greenschist facies. U-Pb analyses in zircon grains of granitic rocks from Natividade basement suggest there are at least four stages of magmatism: The first, older than 2.3 Ga; the second between 2.20 and 2.30 Ga, the third between 2.16 and 2.18 Ga and the last one between 2.12 and 2.15 Ga. The first stage, of Siderian age, is believed to have formed the Rhyacian arc’s basement, but it is unknown which mechanisms were responsible for it. It possibly developed in a late-Archean/Siderian magmatic arc on São Francisco craton margin. During Rhyacian, a magmatic arc begins to develop, generating the second stage of magmatism. The third stage is an evolution of the second, both in the same arc system. Fourth stage represents the arc collision against São Francisco craton, or collision of another landmass, if we consider the arc evolving in the craton’s border. The collision triggered crustal melting and generated granites with S-type signature. Suites 1 and 2 from Almas-Conceição do Tocantins domain, Rio do Moleque and Manuel Alves suites from Natividade basement characterize the arc magmatism, evolving in a calc-alkaline trend. Aurumina suite, in Cavalcante-Arraias domain, Xobó suite and Príncipe Granite, in Natividade basement, show a syn-collisional signature, resulted from crustal reworking. Sm-Nd data confirm crustal melting character of these bodies. Thus, domains within the basement represent predominance of rocks with volcanic-arc or with syn-collisional signature, and do not configure different tectonic blocks. It is possible that volcano-sedimentary sequences of the whole basement – Riachão do Ouro Group, Ticunzal Formation and Água Suja sequence - were coeval and belonged to the same basin. Since Rhyacian, rocks developed in this Paleoproterozoic orogeny are part of the São Francisco Paleoplate and constitute the basement over which sediments from Brasília Belt were deposited