Abundance and distribution of sessile invertebrates under intertidal boulders (São Paulo, Brazil)

The encrusting communities under two boulder fields (Praia Grande and Ponta do Baleeiro) were monitored monthly during 1990 and 1991, in São Sebastião, on the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Two sizes of boulders were chosen: small (20-30 cm² underside area) and larger ones (160-220 cm²) located on the middle and lower levels of the intertidal. The community's components were mainly sessile animals either compound ones such as Bryozoa, Ascidiacea, Porifera and Cnidaria, in this order of abundance, or simple ones such as Polychaeta and Bivalvia, also in this order of abundance. All groups, except by serpulids (Polychaeta), had higher percent cover in the low intertidal region and under large boulders. Diversity was higher at Ponta do Baleeiro, and in the low intertidal region and on large boulders for both shores.Em São Sebastião, litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foram monitorados mensalmente dois ambientes de matacões em costões rochosos. Praia Grande e Ponta do Baleeiro, ao longo de 1990 e 1991. As condições ambientais avaliadas foram: temperatura e salinidade da água, hidrodinâmica, capacidade de abrasão da areia acumulada, heterogeneidade ambiental e porosidade das pedras. Foi estudada a comunidade incrustante na superfície inferior de pedras pequenas (20-30 cm² de área na face inferior) e maiores (160-220 cm²) dispostas nos estratos médio e inferior da zona entremarés. Esta comunidade era constituída principalmente por organismos sésseis coloniais (Bryozoa, Ascidiacea, Porifera e Cnidaria, nesta ordem de abundância) ou solitários (Polychaeta e Bivalvia, nesta ordem de abundância). Todos os grupos, com exceção dos ser pulid cos (Polychaeta), apresentaram maior porcentagem de cobertura nos estratos inferiores e nas pedras grandes. A composição específica foi similar nos dois costões estudados, mas várias espécies ocorreram exclusivamente em um determinado nível de maré, ou tamanho de pedra, indicando que estes fatores têm maior influência na distribuição das espécies. A diversidade foi maior na Ponta do Baleeiro, nos estratos inferiores e em pedras grandes, nos dois costões, não havendo nenhum tipo de padrão sazonal de variação

Literature and Its Role in the Formation of The Nations

The history of any national literature mixes up with the history of its nation. One of the reasons lies in the fact that, during the process of building a nation, the issue of standard language emerges and literature plays a decisive role in the formation of both national state and standard language. Thus, this essay focus on the rise of English and American Literatures and their respective contributions to the formation of the identity of England and the U.S.A. A história de qualquer literatura nacional confunde com a história de sua nação. Uma das razões reside no fato de que, durante o processo de construção de uma nação, a questão da língua padrão emerge e literatura desempenha um papel decisivo na formação tanto do Estado nacional e língua padrão. Assim, este ensaio se concentrar no aumento de Inglês e Literaturas americanas e suas respectivas contribuições para a formação da identidade de Inglaterra e nos EUA                   

Sphaerodoridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the DIVA-Artabria I project (2002 cruise) with description of a new species from the Ártabro Gulf (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia; PB95-0235Galicia. Consellería de Innovación, Industria e Comercio; PGIDT 01PXI20008PRMinisterio de Educación y Cultura; CTM2004-00740/MA

Two new species of Sphaerodoropsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from Iceland (BIOICE programme)

Two new species of Sphaerodoropsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae), collected during the BIOICE programme on sedimentary bottoms off Iceland, are described. Sphaerodoropsis gudmunduri sp. nov. is a shelf species (1000 m) and may be distinguished mostly by having up to 13 dorsal macrotubercles arranged in two transverse rows (6–7 macrotubercles, respectively) defining a zig-zag pattern (‘group 3’) and 7 dorsal papillae per chaetiger, up to 8–10 ventral papillae per chaetiger arranged in a non-random pattern and parapodia which bear one digitiform prechaetal lobe, one antero-lateral papilla and compound unidentate chaetae with blades with thin spinulation along their cutting edge. Both species show sexual dimorphism characterized by different arrangements of modified ventral cirri and/or special ventral structures in some mid-body chaetigers; a brief discussion about the presence of these structures on sphaerodorids and their possible importance on the systematics of the family is provided

Revision of three species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) described by C. Hessle in 1917 from the Southern Ocean

A revision of the taxonomic status of Terebellides antarcticus Hessle, 1917, Terebellides longicaudatus Hessle, 1917 and Terebellides minutus Hessle, 1917 was undertaken through the examination of the type material. Thus, T. longicaudatus is regarded as a valid species and redescribed and T. antarcticus and T. minutus are considered as junior synonyms of Terebellides kerguelensis McIntosh, 1818. Terebellides longicaudatus is characterized by the presence of large lateral lobes on chaetigers 1 to 5, 1 and 2 being the largest, first thoracic acicular neurochaetae gently bent, wide thoracic neuropodia fascicles with numerous uncini and the first notopodium greatly reduced. Comments on several body characters related to branchial and chaetal structure are also provided

Polychaeta of the ‘DIVA-Artabria I’ project (cruise 2002) in the continental shelf and upper slope off Galicia (NW Spain)

[Abstract] The present paper reports on the Polychaeta collected during the 2002 cruise of the ‘DIVA-Artabria I’ project in the shelf and upper slope off Golfo Ártabro (Galicia, NW Spain). Eighteen samples were taken at 9 stations covering a depth range from 150 to 1,140 m. Three different sampling gears were used: Agassiz trawl, Naturalist dredge and Epibenthic sledge. A total of 5,598 specimens belonging to 43 polychaete families and 171 species were collected. The polychaete assemblage differed between the shelf and the upper slope: the polychaete fauna from the shelf was composed of infaunal taxa such as ampharetids, opheliids, paraonids and spionids and the upper slope was characterized by mobile epibenthic taxa such as syllids, hesionids, and phyllodocids. The acrocirrid Macrochaeta polyonyx Eliason, 1962 is reported for the first time for the Iberian Peninsula, and new morphological data are provided for the ampharetid Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887 and the terebellid Euthelepus setubalensis McIntosh, 1885.[Résumé] Polychètes du projet ‘DIVA-Artabria I’ (campagne 2002) sur le talus et le plateau continental au large de la Galice (Espagne). Ce travail a pour but d’étudier les Polychètes récoltés pendant la campagne 2002 du projet ‘DIVAArtabria I’ sur le plateau continental et le talus du Golfo Ártabro (Galice, NW Espagne). Dix-huit échantillons ont été prélevés à 9 stations à une profondeur de 150 à 1140 m. Trois appareils d’échantillonnage différents ont été utilisés: une drague Agassiz, une drague de Naturaliste et un traîneau épibenthique. En tout, 5598 spécimens appartenant à 43 familles et 171 espèces de polychètes ont été récoltés. L’assemblage de polychètes du plateau continental diffère de celui du talus : la faune de polychètes du plateau est composée de taxa de l’endofaune tels les ampharétidés, les ophélidés, les paraonidés et les spionidés, alors que le talus est caractérisé par des taxa épibenthiques mobiles tels les syllidés, les hésionidés et les phyllodocidés. L’acrocirride Macrochaeta polyonyx Eliason, 1962 est cité pour la première fois dans la péninsule ibérique. De nouvelles données morphologiques sont apportées sur l’ampharetidé Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887 et le térébellidé Euthelepus setubalensis McIntosh, 1885.Ministerio de Educación y Cultura. DIVA Artabria II (CTM2004-00740/MAR)Ministerio de Educación y Cultura. Fauna Ibérica VIII (CGL2004-04680-C10-02/BOS)Ministerio de Educación y Cultura; CGL2007-66786-C08-02/BOSXunta de Galicia; PGIDT 01PXI20008P