A coordenação do departamento curricular : concepções, lógicas e práticas

Este estudo situa-se na área da gestão intermédia da organização escola e visa compreender o papel e a acção do Coordenador do Departamento Curricular, e, concomitantemente, as representações, lógicas e práticas da Coordenação do Departamento Curricular de modo a explicitar os contributos desta estrutura para a definição das políticas educativas de escola e para gestão intermédia da organização num agrupamento de escolas onde a autonomia é o grande desafio do momento. A investigação, de natureza qualitativa, foi realizada num Agrupamento de Escolas na região de Lisboa, e envolveu, essencialmente, a realização de entrevistas, que nos possibilitaram descrições dos modos de agir e de estar e as perspectivas dos entrevistados sobre o papel e o funcionamento desta estrutura de gestão intermédia. A opção por uma abordagem metodológica de índole qualitativa, de natureza descritiva e interpretativa, na forma de estudo de caso, constituiu, quanto a nós, a forma mais adequada de entrar em contacto directo com um determinado espaço organizacional no sentido de recolher e descrever as significações que os actores atribuem ao papel e acção do coordenador. Respondendo à problemática do nosso estudo, evidenciamos que esta estrutura organizacional e funcional da escola – a Coordenação do Departamento Curricular, exige: a) um actor – coordenador que reúna saber técnico, competência científica e autoridade profissional; b) uma liderança transformacional e pedagógica; c) uma valorização e “profissionalização”do cargo; d) dinâmicas de trabalho assentes na colaboração e na participação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: a) o profissional CDC exerce uma diversidade de papéis, funções e tarefas, cada vez mais complexas, sem formação específica para o cargo; b) As lógicas, igualitarista e paritária, explicam a quase inexistência da prática da supervisão e controlo pedagógico sobre as práticas docentes e a ausência de reconhecimento e valorização do cargo; c) A predominância da lógica disciplinar tem vindo a condicionar o trabalho nos departamentos e a dificultar o trabalho de articulação e gestão curricular, continuando a existir a prática do individualismo docente. Contudo, os elementos recolhidos sugerem algumas mudanças ao nível das formas de trabalho entre os professores. A prática de novas modalidades de trabalho pedagógico que passam pela prática colaborativa e colegial (trabalho em equipa, reflexão e avaliação conjunta de actividades, troca de experiências e materiais, cooperação entre professores, reflexão conjunta sobre práticas pedagógicas), procuram inverter a posição privilegiada ocupada pela prática do individualismo docente e são percepcionadas como um meio de crescimento profissional, de participação na organização e de qualidade do ensino. O actual momento político – educativo, com a publicação de novas leis relativas à carreira profissional dos professores e à gestão escolar, situam esta estrutura de gestão pedagógica intermédia e o seu coordenador numa encruzilhada entre o instituído e novos desafios que poderão contribuir para abrir fissuras nas lógicas e nas práticas instituídas.This study deals with the intermediate management of school organization and aims to understand the role and action of the Curricula Department Coordinator as well as the logic and practical representations of the Curricula Department Coordination in order to express the contributions of this structure for the definition of school educational policies and the intermediate management of organization, in a Group of Schools where the autonomy is the great challenge of the moment. This qualitative research was carried out in a School near Lisbon and involved essentially the conduct of interviews with teachers, which made possible for us to analyze descriptions about the ways of behaving and acting as well as the interviewees’ views on the role and functioning of this intermediate management structure. The choice of a case study with a qualitative, descriptive and interpretative methodological approach was, in our point of view, the most suitable way to get in direct contact with a certain organizational environment in order to collect and describe the meanings that actors attach to the role and action of a coordinator. In answer to the issue focused in our study we proved that this organizational and functional structure of School - the Curricula Department Coordination requires: a) an actor-coordinator with technical knowledge, scientific competence and professional authority; b) a transformational and pedagogical leadership; c) a valuation and “professionalisation” of the post; d) work dynamics based on cooperation and participation. The achieved results show that: a) a CDC performs a diversity of more and more complex roles, functions and tasks without specific training for the post; b) the logics of equability and parity explain the almost non-existence of the practice of supervision and pedagogical control of the teaching practices and the absence of recognition and valuation of the post; c) the predominance of disciplinary logic has conditioned the work in the departments and made the curricula articulation and management more difficult, continuing to exist the practice of teaching individualism. However, the elements collected suggest some changes regarding the ways of working among teachers. The practice of new manners of pedagogical work that require the cooperative and collegiate practice (team work, combined reflection and evaluation of activities, exchange of experiences and materials, cooperation among teachers reflecting together about pedagogical practices), tries to reverse the privileged position of teaching individualism and is understood as a means of professional development, of participation in the organization and quality of teaching. The present political-educative moment with the recent legislation concerning the professional career of teachers and School management places this pedagogical intermediate management structure in the middle of what is established and the new challenges which can contribute to the opening of fissures in the established logics and practices

A coordenação do departamento curricular : concepções, lógicas e práticas

Este estudo situa-se na área da gestão intermédia da organização escola e visa compreender o papel e a acção do Coordenador do Departamento Curricular, e, concomitantemente, as representações, lógicas e práticas da Coordenação do Departamento Curricular de modo a explicitar os contributos desta estrutura para a definição das políticas educativas de escola e para gestão intermédia da organização num agrupamento de escolas onde a autonomia é o grande desafio do momento. A investigação, de natureza qualitativa, foi realizada num Agrupamento de Escolas na região de Lisboa, e envolveu, essencialmente, a realização de entrevistas, que nos possibilitaram descrições dos modos de agir e de estar e as perspectivas dos entrevistados sobre o papel e o funcionamento desta estrutura de gestão intermédia. A opção por uma abordagem metodológica de índole qualitativa, de natureza descritiva e interpretativa, na forma de estudo de caso, constituiu, quanto a nós, a forma mais adequada de entrar em contacto directo com um determinado espaço organizacional no sentido de recolher e descrever as significações que os actores atribuem ao papel e acção do coordenador. Respondendo à problemática do nosso estudo, evidenciamos que esta estrutura organizacional e funcional da escola – a Coordenação do Departamento Curricular, exige: a) um actor – coordenador que reúna saber técnico, competência científica e autoridade profissional; b) uma liderança transformacional e pedagógica; c) uma valorização e “profissionalização”do cargo; d) dinâmicas de trabalho assentes na colaboração e na participação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: a) o profissional CDC exerce uma diversidade de papéis, funções e tarefas, cada vez mais complexas, sem formação específica para o cargo; b) As lógicas, igualitarista e paritária, explicam a quase inexistência da prática da supervisão e controlo pedagógico sobre as práticas docentes e a ausência de reconhecimento e valorização do cargo; c) A predominância da lógica disciplinar tem vindo a condicionar o trabalho nos departamentos e a dificultar o trabalho de articulação e gestão curricular, continuando a existir a prática do individualismo docente. Contudo, os elementos recolhidos sugerem algumas mudanças ao nível das formas de trabalho entre os professores. A prática de novas modalidades de trabalho pedagógico que passam pela prática colaborativa e colegial (trabalho em equipa, reflexão e avaliação conjunta de actividades, troca de experiências e materiais, cooperação entre professores, reflexão conjunta sobre práticas pedagógicas), procuram inverter a posição privilegiada ocupada pela prática do individualismo docente e são percepcionadas como um meio de crescimento profissional, de participação na organização e de qualidade do ensino. O actual momento político – educativo, com a publicação de novas leis relativas à carreira profissional dos professores e à gestão escolar, situam esta estrutura de gestão pedagógica intermédia e o seu coordenador numa encruzilhada entre o instituído e novos desafios que poderão contribuir para abrir fissuras nas lógicas e nas práticas instituídas.This study deals with the intermediate management of school organization and aims to understand the role and action of the Curricula Department Coordinator as well as the logic and practical representations of the Curricula Department Coordination in order to express the contributions of this structure for the definition of school educational policies and the intermediate management of organization, in a Group of Schools where the autonomy is the great challenge of the moment. This qualitative research was carried out in a School near Lisbon and involved essentially the conduct of interviews with teachers, which made possible for us to analyze descriptions about the ways of behaving and acting as well as the interviewees’ views on the role and functioning of this intermediate management structure. The choice of a case study with a qualitative, descriptive and interpretative methodological approach was, in our point of view, the most suitable way to get in direct contact with a certain organizational environment in order to collect and describe the meanings that actors attach to the role and action of a coordinator. In answer to the issue focused in our study we proved that this organizational and functional structure of School - the Curricula Department Coordination requires: a) an actor-coordinator with technical knowledge, scientific competence and professional authority; b) a transformational and pedagogical leadership; c) a valuation and “professionalisation” of the post; d) work dynamics based on cooperation and participation. The achieved results show that: a) a CDC performs a diversity of more and more complex roles, functions and tasks without specific training for the post; b) the logics of equability and parity explain the almost non-existence of the practice of supervision and pedagogical control of the teaching practices and the absence of recognition and valuation of the post; c) the predominance of disciplinary logic has conditioned the work in the departments and made the curricula articulation and management more difficult, continuing to exist the practice of teaching individualism. However, the elements collected suggest some changes regarding the ways of working among teachers. The practice of new manners of pedagogical work that require the cooperative and collegiate practice (team work, combined reflection and evaluation of activities, exchange of experiences and materials, cooperation among teachers reflecting together about pedagogical practices), tries to reverse the privileged position of teaching individualism and is understood as a means of professional development, of participation in the organization and quality of teaching. The present political-educative moment with the recent legislation concerning the professional career of teachers and School management places this pedagogical intermediate management structure in the middle of what is established and the new challenges which can contribute to the opening of fissures in the established logics and practices

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Repercussão da terapia de suplementação de proteína em detrimento das alterações na composição muscular de idosos: uma revisão: Repercussion of protein supplementation therapy to the detriment of changes in muscle composition in the elderly: a review

INTRODUÇÃO: O ato de envelhecer traz consigo inúmeras mudanças fisiológicas, dentre elas, destaca-se a sarcopenia, que por vezes pode levar a perda da capacidade funcional, podendo prejudicar a mobilidade e por fim acarretar em acidentes graves ou mortes. A atual concentração diária recomendada de proteína por quilograma não foi projetada para uma população em fase de envelhecimento, o que pode levar a uma concentração de proteína insuficiente. A suplementação proteica surgiu como forma alternativa de preservar a manutenção muscular. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da suplementação proteica na manutenção da capacidade funcional muscular na população idosa. METODOLOGIA: Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura de aspecto qualitativo, no qual, a partir de uma pesquisa em bases de dados selecionadas, baseou-se em estudos que apresentaram efeitos da suplementação proteica na manutenção da capacidade funcional muscular de idosos. Ao final foram selecionados seis estudos que contemplavam o tema em questão. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A melhora do estado nutricional está relacionada ao desempenho muscular, com base nisso, foram analisados nos estudos os seguintes aspectos: ganho de massa muscular, exercício físico em jejum, membros inferiores, velocidade da marcha e outros parâmetros funcionais e 25-hidroxivitamina D, todos colocando-se em comparação com a suplementação proteica como forma intervencionista e de manutenção da capacidade funcional muscular. Ainda, foi realizada uma análise da suplementação dietética com aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (BCAAs) em relação a desnutrição. CONCLUSÃO: A análise dos dados supracitados revelou a relevância da busca pela melhoria na qualidade de vida e bem-estar da população senil, de maneira que o consumo diário recomendado de proteína seja preconizado como principal medida para manutenção da massa muscular nesta parcela populacional. Deve-se estimular o consumo diário de alimentos ricos em proteínas, tais como carnes, ovos, leite e derivados e suplementos alimentares, quando sua prescrição se faz necessária. Diante da corroboração da sarcopenia no aumento da incidência de quedas em idosos, se faz necessário orientar e estimular a população senil para a prática regular de exercício físico resistido, além do acompanhamento de equipe multidisciplinar

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ