Effects of a 10 km race on physiological and immunological responses

Introduction: The number of 10 km running races has been increasing in Brazil and the number of finishers almost triplicated in the last decade. However, there is limited amount of data showing the relationship between this event and the immune system response. Aim: Investigate the effects of a 10 km running race on physiological and immunological response in healthy well trained male volunteers. Methods: Fourteen male participants (32,21 ± 10,24 years old, 78,80 ± 9,30 kg) took part in this study. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), visual analog scale (VAS), heart rate (HR) and blood samples were taken before, immediately and 24 hours after the race. Lactate, glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as leukocyte number and subpopulation of T cell (CD4+ and CD8+) were analyzed. Results: Participants completed this race in 49,85 ± 7,04 min. There was a significant increase post-race compared to pre-race for HR (67 ± 9 to 159 ± 21 bpm), RPE (6 ± 0 to 15 ± 2) and lactate (3.6 to 6.6 mmol/dL). Glucose levels did not present any significant changes. CK level did not change immediately after the race, but was higher (131,21 ± 62,50 to 286,85 ± 234,35 U/L ) at the 24 h post-race time point. CRP was lower at 24 h (8,37 ± 2,23 to 4,50 ± 2,28 mg/dL). VAS values changed from 0 (before) to 5,64 ± 2,20 (immediately after) to 2,21 ± 2,86 (24 hours). The number of circulating leukocyte (5,83 ± 0,89 to 9,15 ± 1,77 103/µL), neutrophil (2,96 ± 0,49 to 4,34 ± 0,73 103/µL), lymphocyte (2,21 ± 0,57 to 3,92 ± 1,27 103/µL), monocyte (0,46 ± 0,10 to 0,64 ± 0,23 103/µL) and basophil (0,05 ± 0,02 to 0,09 ± 0,03 103/µL) increased significantly immediately after the race, returning to the basal level in 24 h. There was no difference in circulating eosinophils number. The absolute number of CD4+ (828,5 ± 215,8 to 1063,2 ± 235,3 cell/µL) and CD8+ (766,92 ± 347,79 to 1470,30 ± 782,90 cell/µL) also increased immediately after the race returning to basal in 24 h. Significant reduction of the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulation ratio (1,21 ± 0,45 to 0,85 ± 0,33 cell/µL) was observed post-race returning to basal level at 24 h post-race. Results are presented as mean ± SD. (p\u3c0,0001). Conclusion: These results suggest that a 10 km running race is an intense physical activity and induces physiological changes. In addition, intense running provokes a significantly, although transient, modulation of the immune system, specifically of leukocyte sub-population

práticas artísticas no ensino básico e secundário

A Educação Artística joga-se em muito mais locais que no ensino formal. As oportunidades formativas têm sido aproveitadas por museus, bibliotecas, centros culturais, exposições, festivais, associações e plataformas culturais, eventos, plataformas de disseminação artística, edições. Os artistas individuais têm vindo a integrar as dinâmicas relacionais e de criação de públicos nas suas obras, ao convocarem as audiências e implicarem o espectador. O terreno é limitado apenas pela imaginação, e as oportunidades de convocação alargam-se aos novos conteúdos e plataformas digitais, a par com a valorização do que é local e identitário: a revolução pode fazer-se pela cidadania.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment of risk scores to predict mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit

ObjectivesTo assess the ABC2-SPH score in predicting COVID-19 in-hospital mortality, during intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and to compare its performance with other scores (SOFA, SAPS-3, NEWS2, 4C Mortality Score, SOARS, CURB-65, modified CHA2DS2-VASc, and a novel severity score).Materials and methodsConsecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs of 25 hospitals, located in 17 Brazilian cities, from October 2020 to March 2022, were included. Overall performance of the scores was evaluated using the Brier score. ABC2-SPH was used as the reference score, and comparisons between ABC2-SPH and the other scores were performed by using the Bonferroni method of correction. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsABC2-SPH had an area under the curve of 0.716 (95% CI 0.693–0.738), significantly higher than CURB-65, SOFA, NEWS2, SOARS, and modified CHA2DS2-VASc scores. There was no statistically significant difference between ABC2-SPH and SAPS-3, 4C Mortality Score, and the novel severity score.ConclusionABC2-SPH was superior to other risk scores, but it still did not demonstrate an excellent predictive ability for mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate the need to develop a new score, for this subset of patients

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Fatores neurotróficos e marcadores inflamatórios em crianças e adolescentes com doença renal crônica: associação com sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, resiliência e qualidade de vida

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T00:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_janaina_matos_moreira.pdf: 2889741 bytes, checksum: 454e2c3797f63a0a1ac97ebeeada171f (MD5) Previous issue date: 12Introdução: Marcadores inflamatórios e fatores neurotróficos associam-se à sintomatologia psiquiátrica na população geral. Em doenças crônicas, como a doença renal (DRC), modificações do perfil inflamatório se associam à gravidade da evolução e à ocorrência de morbidade psiquiátrica. Alterações comportamentais são descritas em crianças e adolescentes com DRC, influenciando negativamente sua qualidade de vida, entretanto permanece desconhecida sua relação com os fatores neurotróficos e marcadores inflamatórios. Objetivos: Avaliar fatores neurotróficos e marcadores inflamatórios em crianças e adolescentes com DRC em comparação aos controles saudáveis, e sua associação com sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, resiliência e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Avaliados 34 pacientes com DRC e 108 controles saudáveis, utilizando-se as escalas de Resiliência de Wagnild e Young, Inventários Pediátricos de Qualidade de Vida(PedsQLTM) e de Depressão Infantil (CDI) e escala de avaliação de transtornos de ansiedade na infância (SCARED). Realizadas dosagens de fatores neurotróficos, quimiocinas, citocinas e adipocinas em subamostra de 34 controles e 34 pacientes. Resultados: Crianças e adolescentes com DRC apresentaram maior frequência de inadequação escolar, menores escores de qualidade de vida global, físico e psicossocial. Não houve diferença entre a frequência de sintomas depressivos ou ansiosos clinicamente significativos, porém os pacientes apresentaram pontuações mais elevadas de ansiedade de separação. Menores escores de resiliência e qualidade de vida foram preditores independentes da ocorrência de sintomas depressivos nesse grupo. Os pacientes apresentaram redução das concentrações de BDNF e CXCL8/IL-8 e aumento de sTNFR1 e sTNFR2, resistina, adiponectina, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL-9/MIG e CCL5/RANTES em comparação aos controles. Entre os pacientes com sintomas ansiosos clinicamente significativos, foram detectados valores mais baixos de NGF, GDNF, NT3, NT4/5 e IL-33/ST2. Na análise multivariada NGF, escore do CDI, idade, e ritmo filtração glomerular permaneceram como preditores independentes. Conclusão: Crianças e adolescentes com DRC apresentam alteração do perfil de fatores neurotróficos e marcadores inflamatórios, associados a piores escores de qualidade de vida e mais sintomas de ansiedade de separação. Resiliência e qualidade de vida foram preditores independentes da ocorrência de sintomas depressivos nesse grupo.Background: Inflammatory markers and neurotrophic factors have been associated with psychiatric symptoms in the general population. In studies with chronic diseases, including renal disease (CKD), a proinflammatory profile is related to psychiatric morbidity and worsening of the prognosis. Behavioral changes have been reported in children and adolescents with CKD, negatively influencing their quality of life, but its relationship with neurotrophic factors and inflammatory markers is still unknown. Objective: To evaluate neurotrophic and inflammatory factors in children and adolescents with CKD in comparison to controls, and its association with psychiatric symptoms, resilience and quality of life. Methods: Demographic and clinical data were collected from 34 children and adolescents with CKD and 108 healthy controls. Participants were evaluated with Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, Pediatric Quality of Life (QoL) Inventory 4.0 (PedsQLTM), Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and Self-report for Childhood Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) scales. Neurotrophic factors, chemokines, cytokines and adipokines were measured in 34 controls and patients with CKD. Results: Children and adolescents with CKD had higher frequency of delayed educational attainment, lower overall QoL scores, as well as poorer scores in the physical and psychosocial subdomains of QoL instruments. There was no difference between the ocurrence of clinically significant depressive or anxiety symptoms, but patients had higher scores of separation anxiety. Lower scores of resilience and quality of life were independent predictors of depressive symptoms in this group. Reduced BDNF and CXCL8/IL-8 concentrations and increased sTNFR1 and sTNFR2, resistin, adiponectin, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL-9/MIG and CCL5/RANTES were identified in CKD patients in comparison to controls. Among patients with clinically significant anxiety symptoms, lower values of NGF, GDNF, NT3, NT4/5 and IL-33/ST2 were observed, but only NGF and CDI scores, age, and glomerular filtration rate remained as independent predictors in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with CKD exhibited an altered profile of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as lower scores of quality of life and more symptoms of separation anxiety. Lower scores of resilience and quality of life were independent predictors of depressive symptoms

Alterações cognitivas na doença renal crônica: uma atualização

Prejuízos das funções cognitivas ocorrem com frequência na doença renal crônica (DRC). As condições mais associadas a esses prejuízos são depressão, delirium, comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência. Os mecanismos envolvidos ainda não estão estabelecidos, mas alguns fatores, como dano neuronal induzido pelas toxinas urêmicas, lesões cerebrovasculares isquêmicas, estresse oxidativo, inflamação crônica, anemia, hiper-homocisteinemia e disfunção endotelial, podem ser importantes. O desempenho neuropsicológico tende a melhorar com o início da diálise, apesar de algumas disfunções cognitivas permanecerem alteradas mesmo após a instituição do tratamento, principalmente nos domínios de atenção, flexibilidade cognitiva, memória e aprendizagem. O transplante renal pode melhorar e, inclusive, reverter alguns déficits cognitivos, apesar de prejuízos na memória verbal e nas funções executivas poderem permanecer. O diagnóstico do declínio cognitivo nos pacientes renais crônicos pode ter impacto no manejo e no prognóstico. Este artigo apresenta uma atualização sobre declínio das funções cognitivas nos pacientes com DRC