Concept of Health and Sickness of the Spanish Gypsy Population: A Qualitative Approach

The Roma community (RC) has poor health indicators, and providing them with adequate healthcare requires understanding their culture and cultural differences. Our objective was to understand the concept of the health and sickness of the RC in Spain, and for this, a qualitative study was conducted. A content analysis utilizing an inductive approach was used to analyze the data. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were performed, and four main categories were obtained after the analysis of the data: perception of the state of health, the value of health, what was observed, and causal attribution. The inter-relations between the categories shows that the RC have a dichotomous worldview split between non-sickness (health) and sickness mediated by causal attribution. Their worldview is polarized into two values: not sick/sick. When not sick, optimism is prioritized along with happiness, and these two emotions are highly valued, as they also play a physical and social function. When a person becomes noticeably sick, this is understood as being in a negative and severe state, and when there are visible physical implications, then the need to act is made clear. When faced with the need to act, the behavior of the RC is mediated by causal attributions, influenced by nature and religion, timing, concealment by not mentioning the disease, and the origin of the healthcare information. For the organization of an adequate health response for the RC, it is necessary for healthcare systems to be able to merge culture and health care

Perceptions about the Self-Learning Methodology in Simulated Environments in Nursing Students: A Mixed Study

The self-learning methodology in simulated environments (MAES©) is an active method of education. The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions and opinions of undergraduate and graduate nursing students about the self-learning methodology in simulated environments. A mixed, cross-sectional, descriptive study based on a survey tool made ad hoc (quantitative approach) and an open questionnaire (qualitative approach) was carried out. A sample of 149 undergraduate and 25 postgraduate nursing students were tested. The score was high for all the variables of the questionnaire analyzed: for perception of simulation performance, M = 73.5 (SD = 14.5), for motivation, M = 23.9 (SD = 5.9), for the opinion about facilitators, M = 25.9 (SD = 4.5), and for the promotion of team work, M = 16.9 (SD = 3.4). Five dimensions were identified and evaluated in the qualitative research. The students were pleased with MAES© and had a positive perception, since they considered that MAES© increased their learning

Social Determinants of Health, the Family, and Children’s Personal Hygiene: A Comparative Study

Habits of personal hygiene are mostly acquired during childhood, and are, therefore, influenced by one’s family. Poor hygiene habits are a risk factor for preventable disease and social rejection. Social Determinants of Health (SDH) consist of contextual factors, structural mechanisms, and the individual’s socioeconomic position, which, via intermediary determinants, result in inequities of health and well–being. Dysfunctional family situations may, therefore, be generated by an unequal distribution of factors determining SDH. Little attention has been paid to the influence of the family on personal hygiene and the perception of social rejection in children. We designed a study to examine differences in personal hygiene and in the perception of social rejection between children in reception centers and children living in a family setting. A validated questionnaire on children’s personal hygiene habits was completed by 51 children in reception centers and 454 children in normal families. Hygiene habits were more deficient among the children in reception centers than among the other children in all dimensions studied. Deficient hygiene habits were observed in the offspring of families affected by the main features of social inequality, who were more likely to perceive social rejection for this reason and less likely to consider their family as the greatest influence on their personal hygiene practices

Opposite trends of sea‑breeze speeds and gusts in Eastern Spain, 1961–2019

Most studies on wind variability have deepened into the stilling vs. reversal phenomena at global to regional scales, while the long-term changes in local-scale winds such as sea-breezes (SB) represent a gap of knowledge in climate research. The state-of-the-art of the wind variability studies suggests a hypothetical reinforcement of SB at coastal stations. We first developed a robust automated method for the identification of SB days. Then, by using homogenized wind observations from 16 stations across Eastern Spain, we identified 9,349 episodes for analyzing the multidecadal variability and trends in SB speeds, gusts and occurrence for 1961–2019. The major finding is the opposite trends and decoupled variability of SB speeds and gusts: the SB speeds declined significantly in all seasons (except for winter), and the SB gusts strengthened at the annual scale and in autumn–winter, being most significant in autumn. Our results also show that the SB occurrence has increased across most of Eastern Spain, although presenting contrasting seasonal trends: positive in winter and negative in summer. We found that more frequent anticyclonic conditions, NAOI + and MOI + are positively linked to the increased winter occurrence; however, the causes behind the opposite trends in SB speeds and gusts remain unclear. The SB changes are complex to explain, involving both large-scale circulation and physical-local factors that challenge the understanding of the opposite trends. Further investigation is needed to assess whether these trends are a widespread phenomenon, while climate models could simulate the drivers behind these decoupled SB changes in a warmer climate.This research was funded by the following projects: IBER-STILLING (RTI2018-095749-A-I00, MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE); and VENTS (GVA-AICO/2021/023). C.A.M was granted by Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2017–22830), and supported by a 2021 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation

Experiences and Attitudes of People with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

The aim of this article was to explore the experiences and attitudes of people with HIV/AIDS. A systematic review of qualitative studies was carried out. Twenty-seven articles were included, with sample sizes ranging from 3 to 78. Articles from North America, South America, Central America, Europe, and Africa were included. Five topics emerged from the synthesis: feelings about the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS; stigma and HIV/AIDS; changes in sexual behavior after becoming infected; living with the virus; and pregnancy and motherhood in seropositive women. The moment of diagnosis is of vital importance for these people due to feelings such as disappointment, sadness, fear, despair, lack of awareness, and pain. Social support is highly valued among these people and is linked to an improvement in these peoples’ quality of life. Different kinds of stigma accompany people with HIV/AIDS throughout their life, like social stigma, self-stigma, and health professionals’ stigma. Seropositive women who decide to become mothers can feel frustration because they cannot breastfeed. Spirituality helps some people to deal with the fact of being a virus or disease carrier

Insulin Requirement for Gestational Diabetes Control Is Related to Higher Vitamin D Levels up to 1 Year Postpartum: A Prospective Cohort Study

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in pregnant women and has been related to a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study is to analyze vitamin D status evolution in a population of pregnant women with and without GDM. Two-hundred women were included from January 2019 to February 2022 as follows: Control group -CG-, Lifestyle group -LG- (GDM not requiring insulin), and Insulin group -IG- (GDM requiring insulin). Visits were carried out at baseline, antenatal, postpartum, and 1 year after birth. Vitamin D levels, weight, and insulin resistance were measured at every visit. Data about the season, vitamin D supplementation, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were included. In the three groups, 134 women were included in the CG, 43 in the LG, and 23 in the IG. Vitamin D levels were similar among the groups at baseline, but they were significantly higher in the LG and IG in comparison with the CG at the antenatal visit and significantly higher in the IG vs. CG and LG at the postpartum and 1 year after birth visits. Vitamin D levels were independently related to vitamin D supplementation and the season at baseline, to the season and belonging to the LG or IG at the antenatal visit, and were only independently associated with belonging to the IG at postpartum and 1 year after birth visits. In conclusion, in our population, women with GDM requiring insulin had higher levels of vitamin D in comparison with those not requiring insulin and healthy controls at postpartum and 1 year after pregnancy. Requiring insulin during pregnancy seems to be a factor that independently determines the levels of vitamin D until 1 year after birth. More studies are required to reproduce these data in other populations and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these findings.This study was supported by the Juan Rodés program (JR20-00040 to MM-V) and by Miguel Servet Type I program (CP20/00066 to CG-R) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III”. It was also supported by Nicolas Monardes Program from “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (RC-0008-2021 to SM). In addition, this study was supported by the “Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red” (CIBER) of the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) (CB06/03/0018) and research grants from the ISCIII (PI18/01175 and PI21/01864). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Tendencias de la brisa marina en el este de España, 1961-2019

Ponencia presentada en: XII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Santiago de Compostela entre el 19 y el 21 de octubre de 2022.[ES]La mayoría de estudios previos del fenómeno “stilling” y el reciente “reversal” de la velocidad del viento se han enfocado en el estudio de su variabilidad a escala global, mientras que los cambios históricos relacionados al tipo de viento aún no han sido cuantificados; p.ej., ponientes, vientos locales, brisas marinas, entre otros. Estudios recientes sobre la Península Ibérica sugieren un posible reforzamiento de las circulaciones de brisa en verano-otoño. En este trabajo desarrollamos un método automatizado para la identificación de episodios de brisa marina en observaciones sub-diarias de viento registradas en 16 estaciones meteorológicas al este de España. Se identificaron 9.312 episodios de brisa y se analizó la variabilidad multidecadal y las tendencias en la velocidad media, rachas máximas y ocurrencia durante el periodo 1961-2019. Los resultados evidencian un desacoplamiento entre la velocidad media y las rachas máximas, con un debilitamiento significativo de la velocidad en todas las escalas temporales (excepto en invierno), y un fortalecimiento de las rachas en otoñoinvierno. También se evidenció una intensificación en la ocurrencia de la brisa de invierno, la cual podría deberse a una mayor frecuencia de anticiclones durante esa época del año. Sin embargo, las causas detrás de las tendencias opuestas entre la velocidad media y las rachas máximas son aún desconocidas y requieren de más investigación en el futuro. Este trabajo suple una brecha en el conocimiento de la variabilidad a largo plazo de la brisa del mar Mediterráneo y las causas que provocan los cambios estacionales de los vientos en superficie.[EN]Most studies on wind stilling and its recent reversal have been addressed at global scales, while changes according to the type of wind have not yet been quantified; e.g. westerlies, local winds, sea breezes, among others. Recent studies over the Iberian Peninsula suggest a hypothetical reinforcement of sea breeze speeds in summerautumn. Here, we developed an automated method for the detection of sea breeze episodes on sub-daily wind observations from 16 weather stations across eastern Spain. After identifying 9.312 days of sea breezes, we analyzed trends and multidecadal variability on their speeds, gusts and occurrence for 1961-2019. We found a decoupled variability between the sea breeze speeds and gusts: the speed declined in most time-scales (excepting winter) while gusts strengthened annually and in autumn-winter. We also found an increased winter occurrence of the sea breeze, which variability is partly explained by more frequent anticyclonic conditions. The causes behind the opposing trend in the speed and gusts remain unclear, requiring further investigation. This work fills a gap in the knowledge of the long-term variability of the Mediterranean Sea breezes and the drivers of seasonal changes in surface winds.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por los siguientes proyectos: IBER-STILLING (RTI2018-095749-A-I00); y VENTS (GVA-AICO/2021/023)

Evidence-Based Practice competency and associated factors among Primary Care nurses in Spain

©2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Atención Primaria. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102050Objetivo: Conocer el nivel de competencia en Práctica Basada en la Evidencia (PBE) de las enfermeras de Atención Primaria (AP) en Espana˜ y analizar los factores asociados. Diseno: ˜ Estudio transversal de carácter nacional, realizado en enero-marzo de 2020. Emplazamiento: AP en Espana. ˜ Participantes: Setecientas ochenta enfermeras de AP en activo en el Sistema Nacional de Salud con experiencia profesional mínima de un ano. ˜ Mediciones principales: 1) Variables sociodemográficas, profesionales y de acceso a infor mación científica, y 2) variable de resultado: competencia en PBE (actitud, conocimientos, habilidades y utilización), evaluada mediante el cuestionario EBP-COQ Prof©. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados mediante regresión lineal. Resultados: La puntuación media en el nivel de competencia en PBE de las enfermeras de AP fue de 131,5 (desviación típica [DT] 17,0). Por dimensiones: actitud 36,8 (DT 3,6); conocimien tos 38,2 (DT 8,9); habilidades 23,0 (DT 3,5) y utilización 33,3 (DT 6,1). Leer más de 3 artículos en el último mes es la variable que tiene más influencia sobre todas las dimensiones del EBP COQ Prof©, seguida de la formación en PBE (más de 150 h) y la tutorización de alumnos de Enfermería. El nivel educativo (máster, especialista y doctorado) se asocia con las dimensio nes conocimientos y habilidades, mientras que trabajar en un centro BPSO® se asocia con la utilización de la PBE Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos pueden orientar a los gestores en los servicios de AP a planificar estrategias que mejoren el nivel de competencia en PBE de las enfermeras, dirigidas princi palmente a lograr una aplicación real en la práctica clínica. No obstante, se hace necesario considerar el posible impacto del sesgo de selección en los resultados.Objective: To describe the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) competency level in Primary Care (PC) nurses in Spain and to determine the associated factors. Design: Cross-sectional, national survey design, carried out between January and March 2020. Setting: PC in Spain. Participants: Seven hundred eighty PC active nurses in the National Health Service with at least one year of professional experience. Main measurements: (1) Sociodemographic, professional and access to scientific information variables; (2) outcome variable: EBP competency (attitude, knowledge, skills and utilization) assessed through the EBP-COQ Prof© questionnaire. Bivariate and multiple lineal regression analyses were carried out. Results: The mean score for the EBP competency of the PC nurses was 131.5 (standard deviation [SD] 17.0), according to dimensions: attitude 36.8 (SD 3.6); knowledge 38.2 (SD 8.9); skills 23.0 (SD 3.5); and utilization 33.3 (SD 6.1). The number of articles read in the last month has showed the most influence on all the EBP-COQ Prof© dimensions, followed by EBP training (more than 150 h) and nursing students mentoring. The education level (master, specialist and doctorate) is associated with knowledge and skills dimensions, meanwhile belonging to a BPSO® center is associated with the EBP utilization. Conclusions: These findings can guide PC service managers to plan strategies that improve the EBP competency level of the nurses, aimed mainly at achieving real application in clinical practice. However, it is necessary to consider the possible impact of selection bias on the results

Corrigendum to ‘a horizon scan exercise for aquatic invasive alien species in Iberian inland waters’

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Black list and Alert list of the Aquatic Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula: an action of the LIFE INVASAQUA

Resumen del trabajo presentado en VI Congreso Nacional sobre Especies Exóticas Invasoras y I Congreso Ibérico sobre EEI (EEI 2022) celebrado en Navarra del 20 al 23 de abril de 2022.One of the objectives of LIFE INVASQUA project is to develop tools that will be more efficient the Early Warning and Rapid Response (EWRR) framework for Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula. Horizon scanning for high-risk IAS is basic in implementing measures to reduce new invasions, developing Alert lists, and to focus effort in the species already established, for instance making a Black list. We developed a trans national horizon scanning exercise focused on inland waters of Spain and Portugal in order to provide a prioritized lists (Black list and Alert list) of aquatic IAS that may pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems and socio economic sectors in the future. We followed a step approach of existing information about IAS (Plants, Freshwater Invertebrates, Estuarine Invertebrates and Vertebrates; 127 established taxa in Black list; 90 non established taxa in Alert list) combining with an expert scoring of prioritized taxa. IAS established in the Iberian aquatic system consistently highlighted as the worst included vertebrates (e.g. Cyprinus carpio, Gambusia holbrooki, Silurus glanis), freshwater and estuarine invertebrates (e.g. Procambarus clarkii, Dreissena polymorpha, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Callinectes sapidus, Corbicula fluminea) and plants (e.g. Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Ludwigia grandiflora). Amongst taxa not yet established (Alert list), expert pointed to Perna viridis, Hydroides dirampha, Dreissena bugensis, Procambarus fallax f. virginallis, Perccottus glenii with higher risk of invasion, ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Over 20.6% of the taxa in the preliminary black list received no votes (no prioritization) by experts, 17.8% in the innitial alert list. Our horizon scanning approach is inclusive of all-taxa, prioritizes both established and emerging biological threats across trans-national scales, and considers not only the ecological impact, but also potential direct economic consequences as well as the manageability of invasive species.This work received funds from the LIFE Programme (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515)