Organizational culture in business communication

Kultura u svome najširem značenju označava uzgoj određenog materijala, a u užem značenju odnosi se na nedjeljivi dio čovjeka u kojem se on ostvaruje. Temeljni elementi kulture dijele se na kognitivne i simboličke elemente. Organiziranje se smatra jednom od temeljnih odrednica društva koje je neophodno za funkcioniranje zajednice, društva te i poslovne organizacije. Da bi bilo koja organizacija mogla opstati i održati se, potrebna je komunikacija. Organizacijska kultura mnogoznačan je pojam koji u svojoj suštini predstavlja sredstvo uz pomoć kojeg se određena organizacija razlikuje od drugih organizacija te uključuje vrijednosti koje posjeduju njezini članovi. Mnogobrojne su funkcije organizacijske kulture, od kojih se ističu postavljanje norma i vrijednosti kojima organizacija teži, određivanje pravila te načina na koji će se zaposlenici odnositi jedni prema drugima. Nadalje, sve ono što u poslovnom smislu ima određeno značenje za djelatnike organizacije odnosi se na simbolički značaj kulture. Simboli predstavljaju određene znakove koji za pojedince u poduzeću imaju određeno značenje. Prilikom provođenja organizacijskih promjena veliku ulogu ima i snaga organizacijske kulture u poduzeću jer ona ohrabruje ili sputava zaposlenike da se lakše nose s novonastalim promjenama. Osim na zaposlene, kultura također ima utjecaj i na formiranje strategije te postoji velika međuovisnost između organizacijske kulture i strategije. Za dobro funkcioniranje organizacijska kultura vrlo je bitna. Za uspješno provođenje etike od velikog je značaja dobro promišljanje i donošenje odluka koje su u skladu s etičkim načelima te potpora vrhovnog menadžmenta u donošenju i provođenju etičkog kodeksa. Različite faze u razvoju organizacijske kulture zahtijevaju različite oblike organizacijske kulture. Promjene nastaju zbog utjecaja vanjskih i unutarnjih čimbenika, ali također i sve dinamičnijih događanja u okolini koji zahtijevaju prilagodbu. Jaka i prepoznatljiva organizacijska kultura doprinosi stvaranju pozitivne slike poduzeća te pomaže organizaciji da lakše ostvari svoje ciljeve. Odabir organizacijske kulture uvijek mora biti u skladu sa strategijom te mora potpomagati njezino provođenje. Osim odabira bitno je i održavanje organizacijske kulture, koje se najbolje provodi preko zaposlenih. Osnovna načela Weberova modela birokracije, koja između ostalog podrazumijevaju nepristranost pri poslovanju, jasno određen hijerarhijski ustroj, specijalizaciju zadataka i drugo, ne mogu se pronaći u hrvatskoj birokraciji koju uglavnom karakterizira korupcija. Nove i suvremene organizacijske kulture naglasak stavljaju na timski rad i zajedništvo, a na organizacijsku kulturu jak utjecaj imaju i aktualni trendovi koji mijenjaju unutarnju i vanjsku organizacijsku okolinu. Okolina je nestabilna te se brzo mijenja što zahtijeva sposobnost brze prilagodbe poduzeća, a sve se više cijene kreativnost, inovacije i sl. U budućnosti će se poduzeća fokusirati na formiranje manjih organizacijskih oblika i na povećanje prilagodljivosti. Razvoj tehnologije olakšat će funkcioniranje organizacije te doprinijeti lakšem obavljanju zadataka.Culture in its widest meaning indicates cultivation of certain material and in its narrower meaning indicates the inseparable part of human in which he finds his sense. The fundamental elements of culture are divided on cognitive and symbolic ones. Organisation is considered to be one of the society's fundamental features which is necessary for community, society and also for the business organization in order to function well. For any organisation to survive and maintain itself, communication is obligatory. Organizational culture is multifaceted term which in its essence presents a mean of differentiation from other organizations and also includes values owned by its members. Organizational culture has many functions such as: setting the standards and values that the organization strives for, setting the rules and ways employees relate to one another and setting the relationships between the organization and employees. Moreover, the symbolic significance of culture refers to everything which in business sense has a certain meaning for the organization employees. Symbols represent certain characters which have specific meaning for individuals in organization and symbolic, cultural elements include employee's behaviour, processing business documents, account creation, employee's appearance, interior... While implementing organizational changes the strength of organizational culture plays a big role because it either encourages or restrains employees in dealing with new changes. Business culture has its impact on the employees as well as on the strategy formation and there is a great interdependence between organizational culture and strategy. Moreover, for the good functioning of the company ethics is also very important. For successful implementation of ethics, wise deliberation and making decision in accordance with ethical principles, as well as the support of the top management is from crucial significance. Different phases in organizational development demand different types of organizational culture. Changes occur because of the impact of external and internal factors but also because of increasingly dynamic events in environment which demand adjustment. Strong and recognizable organizational culture contributes to creating company's positive image and helps the organization to achieve its goals more easily. The selection of culture has to be in accordance with the strategy and help its implementation. New and contemporary organizational cultures put emphasis on team work and community. Current trends which are changing the internal and external environment have a great impact on the organizational culture. The environment is very unstable and variable which demands ability of quick adjustment and creativity and innovations are becoming more valued. In the future companies will be more focused on formation of smaller organizational shapes and increasing adaptability. The development of technology will facilitate the functioning of the organization and contribute to making tasks easier

Discursos sobre educação em Biologia, Construção de Cidadanias e Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais no Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, Brasil (2011-2019)

The work presents preliminary analysis of a research work in progress that deals with the construction of citizenships in a Latin American perspective in biology education. We present the analysis of the discursive approaches related to citizenship in articles published in the annals of the Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, in Brazil, between 2011 and 2019, in which Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations (ERER) was integrated into biology education. Allowing us to recognize that approaches related to the ERER enable citizens knowledge of their own structural problems, and a training that is more committed to overcoming historical legacies of violence in the region.   El trabajo presenta análisis preliminares de una investigación en curso que trata sobre la construcción de ciudadanías en una perspectiva latinoamericana en la enseñanza de la biología. Presentamos el análisis de los abordajes discursivos de la ciudadanía en los trabajos publicados en las memorias de los Encontros Nacionais Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, en Brasil, entre 2011 y 2019, en los que se integró la Educación para las Relaciones Étnico-raciales (ERER) con la enseñanza de la biología. Permitiéndonos reconocer que los abordajes relacionados con ERER permiten un acercamiento a ciudadanías más conscientes de problemas estructurales, y una formación más comprometida con la superación de legados históricos de violencia en la región.No trabalho são apresentadas análises preliminares de um projeto de pesquisa em desenvolvimento que trata sobre a construção de cidadanias em perspectiva latino-americana na educação em biologia. Apresentamos o recorte de análise das abordagens discursivas sobre cidadania nos trabalhos publicados nos anais dos Encontros Nacionais de Ensino de Ciências, no Brasil, entre 2011 e 2019, na temática da Educação para as Relações Étnico-raciais (ERER) integrada à educação em biologia. Permitindo reconhecer que as abordagens relacionadas com a ERER podem promover uma aproximação com cidadanias mais críticas e cientes de problemas estruturais próprios, e uma formação mais comprometida com a superação de legados históricos de violência nesse território

A Systematic Meta-Analysis of Genetic Association Studies for Diabetic Retinopathy

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic retinopathy is a sight-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. A systematic meta-analysis was undertaken to collectively assess genetic studies and determine which previously investigated polymorphisms are associated with diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: All studies investigating the association of genetic variants with the development of diabetic retinopathy were identified in PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated for single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellite markers previously investigated in at least two published studies. RESULTS: Twenty genes and 34 variants have previously been studied in multiple cohorts. The aldose reductase (AKR1B1) gene was found to have the largest number of polymorphisms significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy. The z-2 microsatellite was found to confer risk (OR 2.33 [95% CI 1.49-3.64], P = 2 x 10(-4)) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and z+2 to confer protection (0.58 [0.36-0.93], P = 0.02) against diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes regardless of ethnicity. The T allele of the AKR1B1 promoter rs759853 variant is also significantly protective against diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes (0.5 [0.35-0.71], P = 1.00 x 10(-4)), regardless of ethnicity. These associations were also found in the white population alone (P < 0.05). Polymorphisms in NOS3, VEGF, ITGA2, and ICAM1 are also associated with diabetic retinopathy after meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Variations within the AKR1B1 gene are highly significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy development irrespective of ethnicity. Identification of genetic risk factors in diabetic retinopathy will assist in further understanding of this complex and debilitating diabetes complication

Candesartan Attenuates Diabetic Retinal Vascular Pathology by Restoring Glyoxalase-I Function

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes in print and online a

Do rural ao acadêmico: a implantação do Campus Erechim e as transformações em seu espaço através das memórias de uma discente

The present work intends to study the implantation of the Erechim campus of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul and the relation that such implantation has with the personal memories of the author, former resident of the same land now occupied by the university. Initially, the proposal is to build an analysis showing how the Federal University of Fronteira Sul materialized, built through the action of the Pro-University Movement, thus materializing access to public higher education in the Upper Uruguay region. So, in this project, I think of the university as an institution resulting from the struggle to implement it in the region. In a second step, using personal memory, I intend to combine this and history, using photographs of the place where the present campus is located, bringing with essence the personality through the eyes of an academic. The objective here is to think of ourselves as an agent and subject of our own history, since my own life is affected and resized from the establishment of the Erechim campus. This campus, which happens to be located in a place that I lived in the past.O presente trabalho pretende estudar a implantação do campus Erechim da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul e a relação que tal implantação possui com as memórias pessoais da autora, ex-moradora do mesmo terreno hoje ocupado pela universidade. Inicialmente a proposta é construir uma análise exibindo como se materializou a Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, construída através da ação do Movimento Pró-Universidade, materializando assim o acesso ao ensino superior público na região do Alto Uruguai. Assim, penso neste projeto a universidade como instituição resultante da luta para a implementação da mesma na região. Em um segundo momento, recorrendo a memória pessoal, pretendo conjugar esta e a história, utilizando fotografias do local onde o presente campus se situa, trazendo com o essência a pessoalidade através do olhar de uma acadêmica. O objetivo aqui é pensarmo-nos como agente e sujeito da própria história, uma vez que minha própria vida é afetada e redimensionada a partir da instauração do campus Erechim. Campus este, que casualmente situa-se em um local que no passado morei

Perspectives on Emotional Care: A Qualitative Study with Cancer Patients, Carers, and Health Professionals

The emotional consequences of a cancer diagnosis are well documented and range from emotional distress, defined as suffering associated with feelings such as shock, fear, and uncertainty, through to psychological distress that may manifest as depression, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, or heightened risk of suicide. This study set out to explore the assumption that the provision of emotional care should be the platform upon which all other aspects of cancer care are delivered and, that without attention to emotional care, no other aspects of cancer care can be fully realized. Utilizing qualitative focus groups and in-depth interviews with 47 patients, carers, and health professionals, emotional care was shown to be (1) fundamental to the provision of comprehensive cancer care, (2) essential to easing the burden of a cancer diagnosis and demands of treatment, (3) everyone’s business, and (4) a component of cancer care at any time and every time. Future studies are needed to test interventions to enhance provision of intentional, purposeful, and individualized emotional care to help patents achieve the best health outcomes possible

Perspectives on Emotional Care: A Qualitative Study with Cancer Patients, Carers, and Health Professionals

The emotional consequences of a cancer diagnosis are well documented and range from emotional distress, defined as suffering associated with feelings such as shock, fear, and uncertainty, through to psychological distress that may manifest as depression, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, or heightened risk of suicide. This study set out to explore the assumption that the provision of emotional care should be the platform upon which all other aspects of cancer care are delivered and, that without attention to emotional care, no other aspects of cancer care can be fully realized. Utilizing qualitative focus groups and in-depth interviews with 47 patients, carers, and health professionals, emotional care was shown to be (1) fundamental to the provision of comprehensive cancer care, (2) essential to easing the burden of a cancer diagnosis and demands of treatment, (3) everyone&rsquo;s business, and (4) a component of cancer care at any time and every time. Future studies are needed to test interventions to enhance provision of intentional, purposeful, and individualized emotional care to help patents achieve the best health outcomes possible

Prorenin and the (Pro)renin Receptor in Ocular Pathology

This commentary reports on the protective effects of a (pro)renin receptor inhibitor in an experimental model of age-related macular degeneration