1,587 research outputs found
Dynamic analysis of evolutive conservative systems. Discussion of eigenmode crossings
After an analysis of the close connection between the symmetries of a dynamical system and the multiplicity of its vibrational natural frequencies, it is proved by variational arguments that for a system of invariable symmetry the eigenfrequencies associated with the eigenmodes of a given symmetry type do not cross, in general, during the evolution of this system. The theory is implemented by some numerical calculations applied to the analysis of the evolution of the axisymmetric hydroelastic modes of the Ariane launch vehicle during burning of the first stage
Connections and dynamical trajectories in generalised Newton-Cartan gravity I. An intrinsic view
The "metric" structure of nonrelativistic spacetimes consists of a one-form
(the absolute clock) whose kernel is endowed with a positive-definite metric.
Contrarily to the relativistic case, the metric structure and the torsion do
not determine a unique Galilean (i.e. compatible) connection. This subtlety is
intimately related to the fact that the timelike part of the torsion is
proportional to the exterior derivative of the absolute clock. When the latter
is not closed, torsionfreeness and metric-compatibility are thus mutually
exclusive. We will explore generalisations of Galilean connections along the
two corresponding alternative roads in a series of papers. In the present one,
we focus on compatible connections and investigate the equivalence problem
(i.e. the search for the necessary data allowing to uniquely determine
connections) in the torsionfree and torsional cases. More precisely, we
characterise the affine structure of the spaces of such connections and display
the associated model vector spaces. In contrast with the relativistic case, the
metric structure does not single out a privileged origin for the space of
metric-compatible connections. In our construction, the role of the Levi-Civita
connection is played by a whole class of privileged origins, the so-called
torsional Newton-Cartan (TNC) geometries recently investigated in the
literature. Finally, we discuss a generalisation of Newtonian connections to
the torsional case.Comment: 79 pages, 7 figures; v2: added material on affine structure of
connection space, former Section 4 postponed to 3rd paper of the serie
Small-scale distribution of macroplankton and micronekton in the Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea) as observed from the manned submersible Cyana
International audienc
A Quantitative Prioritisation of Human and Domestic Animal Pathogens in Europe
Disease or pathogen risk prioritisations aid understanding of infectious agent impact within surveillance or mitigation and biosecurity work, but take significant development. Previous work has shown the H-(Hirsch-)index as an alternative proxy. We present a weighted risk analysis describing infectious pathogen impact for human health (human pathogens) and well-being (domestic animal pathogens) using an objective, evidence-based, repeatable approach; the H-index. This study established the highest H-index European pathogens. Commonalities amongst pathogens not included in previous surveillance or risk analyses were examined. Differences between host types (humans/animals/zoonotic) in pathogen H-indices were explored as a One Health impact indicator. Finally, the acceptability of the H-index proxy for animal pathogen impact was examined by comparison with other measures. 57 pathogens appeared solely in the top 100 highest H-indices (1) human or (2) animal pathogens list, and 43 occurred in both. Of human pathogens, 66 were zoonotic and 67 were emerging, compared to 67 and 57 for animals. There were statistically significant differences between H-indices for host types (humans, animal, zoonotic), and there was limited evidence that H-indices are a reasonable proxy for animal pathogen impact. This work addresses measures outlined by the European Commission to strengthen climate change resilience and biosecurity for infectious diseases. The results include a quantitative evaluation of infectious pathogen impact, and suggest greater impacts of human-only compared to zoonotic pathogens or scientific under-representation of zoonoses. The outputs separate high and low impact pathogens, and should be combined with other risk assessment methods relying on expert opinion or qualitative data for priority setting, or could be used to prioritise diseases for which formal risk assessments are not possible because of data gaps
Participatory diagnosis and adaptive management of small-scale fisheries in the Niger River Basin
In a broad sense, analysis of âresilienceâ is about the capacity of systems to adapt to
shocks, recognizing that disturbance and change are integral component of complex
systems. More formally, resilience analysis proposes to focus on mechanisms and
processes that help systems absorbing perturbations and shocks, and coping with
uncertainty and risks. Defined in such a way, the concept of resilience thus appears
particularly useful for the management of small-scale fisheries. However, while the
resilience concept is appealing, particularly in the face of the failure of current
management approaches, the danger is that it remains largely academic and theoretical,
and not of a great help in effectively improving the way natural resources are managed
on the ground. The challenge, therefore, lies in a pragmatic approach to operationalizing
the concept of resilience and making its implementation on the ground practical and
meaningful. In this project we propose a framework aimed at this objective and we test
it in the specific context of small-scale fisheries in the Niger River Basin
MĂ©thodologie dâanalyse et dâĂ©valuation technico- Ă©conomique des systĂšmes de production ovine et caprine
. Cet article rapporte le travail effectuĂ© depuis 1994 par le groupe dâexperts du sous-rĂ©seau FAO-CIHEAM
sur les systĂšmes de production ovine et caprine, concernant la mĂ©thodologie dâĂ©valuation de ces systĂšmes.
Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait de mettre au point une mĂ©thodologie pour analyser, Ă©valuer et comparer les systĂšmes
de production ovine et caprine, et ainsi pour répondre aux besoins des éleveurs et des agents de développement
dans les domaines du diagnostic, du conseil et de lâaide Ă la dĂ©cision. La mĂ©thode repose sur lâestimation dâun
ensemble dâindicateurs directement mesurĂ©s, ou dâindicateurs calculĂ©s Ă partir dâautres indicateurs concernant
lâexploitation agricole dans son ensemble ou lâatelier ovin ou caprin exclusivement. Les indicateurs sont choisis
aprĂšs validation du groupe dâexperts. Lâarticle dĂ©crit comment dans certains cas, les difficultĂ©s sur le choix dâun ou
plusieurs indicateurs ont été résolues. Au total, 196 indicateurs sont décrits dans les tableaux de 1 à 8 avec des
conseils sur les conditions de calcul, la signification et lâinterprĂ©tation de chaque indicateur. Cette mĂ©thode repose
sur le travail dâenquĂȘte des agents de dĂ©veloppement qui peuvent ĂȘtre aidĂ©s par les Ă©leveurs au niveau de
lâenregistrement des donnĂ©es. Les diffĂ©rentes approches pour interprĂ©ter les rĂ©sultats en fonction des objectifs de
lâĂ©tude sont passĂ©es en revue, en particulier lâinterprĂ©tation par des "blocs diagnostics" et lâidentification des points
forts ou faibles de chaque systÚme. La restitution des résultats aux éleveurs est considérée comme une phase
essentielle de la méthode. La méthode a été appliquée dans des conditions différentes en Andalousie, en
Roumanie, au Portugal et au Nord du Maroc pour validation ; ce qui a permis dâamĂ©liorer certains points de la
mĂ©thode afin quâelle puisse ĂȘtre appliquĂ©e de façon plus large.This paper presents the work undertaken since 1994 by a working group of experts from sub-network
FAO-CIHEAM on systems of sheep and goat production, on evaluationâs methodology of such systems. The
objective of this study was to set up a methodology for analysing and comparing the various systems of sheep and
goat production, an so as to meet farmers and extension officersâ requirements in terms of diagnosis, advise and
help to decision. This methodology may be applied only if the characteristics of sheep and goat units can be
measurable and measured. The method is based on the assessment of a set of directly measured indicators, as
well as indicators calculated by other indicators concerning the whole farm or sheep or goat units exclusively. The
indicators are selected after validation decided by a working group of experts. The present paper reports on how in
some cases, the difficulties on the choice of one or several indicators were solved. On overall, 196 indicators were
described in tables from 1 to 8 with advises on conditions of calculation, the significance and interpretation of each
indicator. This method is based on the work of survey of development agents likely to be helped by farmers at
recording of data. The different approaches for interpreting results in accordance with the objectives of the study
are presented in the present paper, particularly the interpretation by "indicators sets for diagnostic" and
identification of major or weak points of each system. The diffusion of results to farmers is an essential phase of the
method. This method was applied in different conditions in Andalusia, in Romania, in Portugal and Northern
Morocco for validation purpose; this enabled the improvement of some points of the method so as to enlarge its
field of applicatio
The Effects of the Atmospheric Pressure Changes on Seismic Signals or How to Improve the Quality of a Station
Seismic investigations are mainly limited by seismic noise. Two microbarometers have been installed in the seismic vault of two different GEOSCOPE stations, one at SSB and the other at TAM. All vertical components and most of the horizontal components show a significant correlation with pressure. In order to correct the seismic signals from the atmospheric pressure noise, a transfer function between the pressure data and the seismic data is inverted. Results show that, after correction, the noise levels reached on the horizontal components are similar between the two stations, and the vertical components display noise levels below the low-noise model as defined by Peterson (1993). This technique reduces part of the noise and allows detection of small earthquakes and a better extraction of normal modes. The analysis of the lowest normal modes of the Earth excited by the M_S = 8.2 Macquarie Island earthquake is given to illustrate the perspectives of the method
A Quantitative Prioritisation of Human and Domestic Animal Pathogens in Europe
Abstract Disease or pathogen risk prioritisations aid understanding of infectious agent impact within surveillance or mitigation and biosecurity work, but take significant development. Previous work has shown the H-(Hirsch-)index as an alternative proxy. We present a weighted risk analysis describing infectious pathogen impact for human health (human pathogens) and wellbeing (domestic animal pathogens) using an objective, evidence-based, repeatable approach; the H-index. This study established the highest H-index European pathogens. Commonalities amongst pathogens not included in previous surveillance or risk analyses were examined. Differences between host types (humans/animals/zoonotic) in pathogen Hindices were explored as a One Health impact indicator. Finally, the acceptability of the H-index proxy for animal pathogen impact was examined by comparison with other measures. 57 pathogens appeared solely in the top 100 highest H-indices (1) human or (2) animal pathogens list, and 43 occurred in both. Of human pathogens, 66 were zoonotic and 67 were emerging, compared to 67 and 57 for animals. There were statistically significant differences between H-indices for host types (humans, animal, zoonotic), and there was limited evidence that H-indices are a reasonable proxy for animal pathogen impact. This work addresses measures outlined by the European Commission to strengthen climate change resilience and biosecurity for infectious diseases. The results include a quantitative evaluation of infectious pathogen impact, and suggest greater impacts of human-only compared to zoonotic pathogens or scientific under-representation of zoonoses. The outputs separate high and low impact pathogens, and should be combined with other risk assessment methods relying on expert opinion or qualitative data for priority setting, or could be used to prioritise diseases for which formal risk assessments are not possible because of data gaps
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