alpha-helix E of Spo0A is required for sigma(A)- but not for sigma(H)-dependent promoter activation in Bacillus subtilis

At the onset of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis, the DNA binding protein Spo0A activates transcription from two types of promoters. The first type includes the spoIIG and spoIIE promoters, which are used by sigma(A)-RNA polymerase, whereas the second type includes the spoIIA promoter, which is used by RNA polymerase containing the secondary sigma factor sigma(H). Previous genetic analyses have identified specific amino acids in alpha-helix E of Spo0A that are important for activation of Spo0A-dependent, sigma(A)-dependent promoters. However, these amino acids are not required for activation of the sigma(H)-dependent spoIIA promoter. We now report the effects of additional single-amino-acid substitutions and the effects of deletions in alpha-helix E. The effects of alanine substitutions revealed one new position (239) in Spo0A that appears to be specifically required for activation of the sigma(A)-dependent promoters. Based on the effects of a deletion mutation, we suggest that alpha-helix E in Spo0A is not directly involved in interaction with sigma(H)-RNA polymerase

Monte Carlo simulations of high-performance implant free In_0.3Ga_0.7 nano-MOSFETs for low-power CMOS applications

No abstract available

Evaluación del efecto de la harina de ramio en la alimentación avícola

The Ramio (Boehmeria nivea), by means of many studies and realised industrial and agricultura! investigations at International level, has demonstrated that it owns many benefits and Utilities like protein source for poultries. It presents/displays many facilities since it is a culture that adapts very well to any type ofclimate and especially to a tropical climate as of our Coast and East, apartfrom which its foliage owns a high protein and very tempting contení for the poultries, cattle and pig. The young of poultries of the chickens of fattening is especially one of most popular in our country according to the numbers given by the SICA in the 2004, and one of the main problems in which to production costs it talks about is its feeding due to the high prices ofthe ingredients. By this different forms lookfor and develop to lower the price ofthese costs and ofobtaining tempting producís ofgood origin and to our animal. One of those forms could be the production of our own protein sources through culture of plañís that have given to good results in other countries and of easy introduction and propagation in our climate and that represents a small investment for our producers. The test lasted 42 days and 4 were evaluatedyou díctate, with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% offlour of ramio. 250 chickens were used Ross baby of 1 doy in 4 treatments of 5 repetitions each. Thefood was similar to the used one commercially, that is to soy, ramio initial until the 28 days of age and thefmished one until the 42 days. The final result was better, statistically significant with 5% offlour of ramio (treatment 2), as much in weight with 1965,22 grams, like in nutritional conversión 2.37. Product of the greaterfood consumption, 4671,1 grams

Efficient α-methylenation Of Carbonyl Compounds In Ionic Liquids At Room Temperature

The application of several 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM) salt ionic liquids as solvent in the α-methylenation of carbonyl compounds at room temperature is reported. The ionic liquid [BMIM][NTf 2] gave a clean reaction in a short time and good yields of several α-methylene carbonyl compounds. This ionic liquid was reused without affecting the reaction rates or yields over seven runs. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.17578Stiger, K.D., Mar-Tang, R., Bartlet, P.A., (1999) J. Org. Chem, 64, p. 8409Weingarten, M.D., Skudlarek, J., Sikorski, J.A., (2006), PCT Int. Appl. WO 2006004903Mori, K., Yajima, A., Takikawa, H., (1996) Liebigs. Ann, p. 891Picman, A.K., (1986) Biochem. Syst. Ecol, 14, p. 255Schmidt, T.J., (1999) Curr. Org. Chem, 3, p. 577Basavaiah, D., Rao, A.J., Satyanarayana, T., (2003) Chem. Rev, 103, p. 811Kagan, H.B., Riant, O., (1992) Chem. 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Catal, 49, p. 153Jain, N., Kumar, A., Chauban, S., Chauban, S.M.S., (2005) Tetahedron, 61, p. 1015Cassol, C.C., Eberling, G., Ferrera, B., Dupont, J., (2006) Adv. Synth. Catal, 324, p. 243Dupont, J., (2004) J. Braz. Chem. Soc, 15, p. 341Rosa, J.N., Afonso, C.A.M., Santos, A.G., (2001) Tetrahedron, 57, p. 4189Kumar, A., Pawar, S.S., (2003) J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem, 208, p. 33Marsh, K.N., Boxall, J.A., Lichtenthaler, R., (2004) Fluid Phase Equilibria, 219, p. 93Jiang, Y.-Y., Wang, G.-N., Zhou, Z., Wu, Y.-T., Geng, J., Zhang, Z.-B., (2008) Chem. Commun, p. 505Pihko, P.M., Erkkila, A., (2006) J. Org. Chem, 71, p. 2538Spectroscopic Data for Ethyl 3-Methylene-2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoate (1) 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 1.36 (t, 3 H, J, 9 Hz, 3.65 (s, 2 H, 4.35 (q, 2 H, J, 9 Hz, 5.98 (s, 1 H, 6.23 (s, 1 H, 7.25 (m, 5 H, 13C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 14.0, 35.7, 62.2, 126.5, 128.6, 129.2, 133.1, 137.6, 144.4, 163.9, 188.1. MS: m/z, 218 (5, M, 189 (4, 145 (43, 117 (100, 115 (76, 91 (40, 65 (18, 51 (19, Spectroscopic Data for Ethyl 2-Methylene-3-oxo-3-phenylpropionate(2) 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 1.10 (t, 3 H, J, 7.1 Hz, 4.19 (q, 2 H, J, 7.2 Hz, 6.2 (s, 1 H, 6.65 (s, 1 H, 7.44 (d, 2 H, J, 7.2 Hz, 7.52 (t, 1 H, J, 7.3 Hz, 7.84 (d, 2 H, J, 7.2 Hz, 13C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3, δ, 14.0, 61.5, 128.5, 129.4, 131.3, 133.5, 136.3, 141.5, 164.0, 193.0. MS: m/z, 204 11, MYamauchi, M., Katayama, S., Watanabe, T., (1982) Synthesis, p. 935Hon, Y.-S., Hsu, T.-R., Chen, C.-Y., Lin, Y.-H., Chang, F.-J., Hsieh, C.-H., Szu, P.-H., (2003) Tetrahedron, 59, p. 1509Chatani, N., Kamitani, A., Oshita, M., Fukumoto, Y., Murai, S., (2001) J. Am. Chem. Soc, 123, p. 1268

231Pa and 230Th in the Arctic Ocean 1991-2015: Changes in the Eurasian and Makarov Basins

230Th and 231Pa are produced in sea water by radioactive decay of Uranium isotopes (234U, 235U). Both are particle reactive and are scavenged onto settling particles. As 230Th is more particle reactive than 231Pa, their distribution in the water column and activity ratio give information about particle fluxes and circulation patterns and –intensities. Both particle fluxes and deep water circulation may respond to climatic changes in the Arctic Ocean. This study discusses temporal changes in radionuclide concentration in the context of climate change. We compare results from 1991 [1] 2007 and 2015. We present results of dissolved 231Pa and 230Th activities of samples collected in the Nansen-, Amundsenand Makarov Basins during GEOTRACES sections GIPY11 (2007, 4 stations), GN04 (2015, 10 stations) aboard RV Polarstern. Our discussion of factors controlling the 230Th and 231Pa distribution is supported by, dissolved CFC, dissolved iron and particulate 230Th and 231Pa (3 stations) collected during GEOTRACES section GN04. We find that distributions and concentrations of dissolved 231Pa and 230Th in the central Arctic Ocean have changed significantly since 1991. Dissolved 231Pa concentrations in the Makarov basin decreased by half within less than 20 years. These changes are discussed in the context of environmental changes, such as declining sea ice cover and related increase of particle fluxes or changing deep water circulation. [1] Scholten, J. C., et al. (1995). Deep-Sea Research II 42: 1519- 153

Clinical management of pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An expert opinion

First published: 05 April 2022Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a higher risk for pregnancy and birth complications according to the specific features associated with PCOS. The features include obesity before and during pregnancy, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, infertility, cardiometabolic risk factors, and poor mental health. PCOS is not often recognized as a risk factor for poor pregnancy and birth outcomes in pregnancy care guidelines, while its associated features are. Pregnancy‐related risk profile should ideally be assessed for modifiable risk factors (e.g., lifestyle and weight management) at preconception in women with PCOS. Hyperglycaemia should be screened using a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at preconception or within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy if it has not been performed at preconception and should be repeated at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. In the absence of evidence of benefit for strategies specific to women with PCOS, the international evidencebased guidelines for the assessment and management of PCOS recommend screening, optimizing, and monitoring risk profile in women with PCOS (at preconception, during and postpregnancy) consistent with the recommendations for the general population. Recommended factors include blood glucose, weight, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, diet, exercise, sleep and mental health, emotional, and sexual health among women with PCOS. The guidelines recommend Metformin in addition to lifestyle for assisting with weight management and improving cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly in those with overweight or obesity. Letrozole is considered the first‐line pharmacological treatment for anovulatory infertility in PCOS. Individualized approach should be considered in the management of pregnancy in PCOS.Mahnaz Bahri Khomami, Helena J Teede, Anju E. Joham, Lisa J. Moran, Terhi T. Piltonen, Jacqueline A. Boyl

Mosaic patterns of B-vitamin synthesis and utilization in a natural marine microbial community

Aquatic environments contain large communities of microorganisms whose synergistic interactions mediate the cycling of major and trace nutrients, including vitamins. B-vitamins are essential coenzymes that many organisms cannot synthesize. Thus, their exchange among de novo synthesizers and auxotrophs is expected to play an important role in the microbial consortia and explain some of the temporal and spatial changes observed in diversity. In this study, we analyzed metatranscriptomes of a natural marine microbial community, diel sampled quarterly over one year to try to identify the potential major B-vitamin synthesizers and consumers. Transcriptomic data showed that the best-represented taxa dominated the expression of synthesis genes for some B-vitamins but lacked transcripts for others. For instance, Rhodobacterales dominated the expression of vitamin-B12 synthesis, but not of vitamin-B7, whose synthesis transcripts were mainly represented by Flavobacteria. In contrast, bacterial groups that constituted less than 4% of the community (e.g., Verrucomicrobia) accounted for most of the vitamin-B1 synthesis transcripts. Furthermore, ambient vitamin-B1 concentrations were higher in samples collected during the day, and were positively correlated with chlorophyll-a concentrations. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that the mosaic of metabolic interdependencies through B-vitamin synthesis and exchange are key processes that contribute to shaping microbial communities in nature

A Densified Liquid Methane Delivery System for the Altair Ascent Stage

The Altair Lunar Lander is currently carrying options for both cryogenic and hypergolic ascent stage propulsion modules. The cryogenic option uses liquid methane and liquid oxygen to propel Altair from the lunar surface back to rendezvous with the Orion command module. Recent studies have determined that the liquid methane should be densified by subcooling it to 93 K in order to prevent over-pressurization of the propellant tanks during the 210 day stay on the lunar surface. A trade study has been conducted to determine the preferred method of producing; loading, and maintaining the subcooled, densified liquid methane onboard Altair from a ground operations perspective. The trade study took into account the limitations in mass for the launch vehicle and the mobile launch platform as well as the historical reliability of various components and their thermal efficiencies. Several unique problems were encountered, namely delivering a small amount of a cryogenic propellant to a flight tank that is positioned over 350 ft above the launch pad as well as generating the desired delivery temperature of the methane at 93 K which is only 2.3 K above the methane triple point of 90.7 K. Over 20 methods of subcooled liquid methane production and delivery along with the associated system architectures were investigated to determine the best solutions to the problem. The top four cryogenic processing solutions were selected for further evaluation and detailed thermal modeling. This paper describes the results of the preliminary trade analysis of the 20 plus methane densification methods considered. The results of the detailed analysis will be briefed to the Altair Project Office and their propulsion team as well as the Ground Operations Project Office before the down-select is made between cryogenic and hypergolic ascent stages in August 2010