La gobernanza lingüística en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca : racionalidad neoliberal y demandas comunitarias

La gobernanza de las políticas lingüísticas en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca ha sido y es protagonizada por actores heterogéneos que han ido moviéndose desde un abierto antagonismo hacia dinámicas de colaboración. Hemos analizado dicha gobernanza a través de los textos programáticos de sus actores, con especial atención al discurso institucional, a su relación con la racionalidad neoliberal, y a las demandas socio-comunitarias a favor de un modelo de gobernanza centrado en la comunidad. Para ello exponemos el marco analítico que guiará el análisis: la racionalidad neoliberal implícita en las políticas públicas, y la influencia de racionalidades alternativas en la normalización de lenguas minorizadas. Damos cuenta de los principales tópicos discursivos y de su contexto, y, por último, presentaremos el modelo de gobernanza sobre el que actualmente negocian los actores de la normalización del euskera en la CAV.Language policy governance in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) has been led by heterogeneous actors that have shifted from open antagonism towards new dynamics of collaboration. We have analyzed this governance through the actors' programmatic texts, paying special attention to the institutional discourse, to the latter's relation with neoliberal rationality, and to social and communitarian demands in favor of a governance model focused on the community. To this end, we present the analytical framework that will guide the analysis: the implicit neoliberal rationality in public policies and the influence of alternative rationalities in the normalization of minoritized languages. We also present the main discursive topics and their context. Finally, we present the governance model that the actors of the normalization of Basque language are currently negotiating in the BAC

Digital Prospects of the Contemporary Feminist Movement for Dialogue and International Mobilization: A Case Study of the 25 November Twitter Conversation

The feminist movement is experiencing the rise of a new generation characterized by specific phenomena linked to technological progress, such as hashtivism, i.e., mobilization through social media. With the aim of contributing to extending our knowledge of the implications of Twitter for this as well as other social movements, this article examined eight of the most common Spanish- and English-language hashtags used to commemorate the 25 November 2018 event, the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. Employing big data analysis to study social and communications phenomena, the results offer a picture of contemporary feminism through the kind of international digital dialogue or conversation that it creates, as well as questioning Twitter’s validity in terms of cohesion when it comes to uniting forces in relation to one of the movement’s most urgent struggles: eliminating violence against women in all its forms.Gureiker Research Group (IT1112-16)

Current affairs on TikTok. Virality and entertainment for digital natives

Since its appearance in 2018, TikTok has become one of the most popular social media platforms among digital natives because of its algorithm-based engagement strategies, a policy of public accounts, and a simple, colorful, and intuitive content interface. As happened in the past with other platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, various media are currently seeking ways to adapt to TikTok and its particular characteristics to attract a younger audience less accustomed to the consumption of journalistic material. Against this background, the aim of this study is to identify the presence of the media and journalists on TikTok, measure the virality and engagement of the content they generate, describe the communities created around them, and identify the presence of journalistic use of these accounts. For this, 23,174 videos from 143 accounts belonging to media from 25 countries were analyzed. The results indicate that, in general, the presence and impact of the media in this social network are low and that most of their content is oriented towards the creation of user communities based on viral content and entertainment. However, albeit with a lesser presence, one can also identify accounts and messages that adapt their content to the specific characteristics of TikTok. Their virality and engagement figures illustrate that there is indeed a niche for current affairs on this social network

Disinformation in social networks: closed or dialectical spaces? The case of Luther King, Quim Torra and El Confidencial

Este artículo examina la difusión de una desinformación publicada por el diario digital El Confidencial en un contexto políticamente polarizado y analiza su comportamiento en la conversación digital en Twitter. La noticia seleccionada relaciona unas palabras pronunciadas por el presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña, Quim Torra, en uno de sus discursos oficiales, y la respuesta del instituto creado en honor al activista por los derechos civiles Luther King. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la influencia de las relaciones virtuales ideológicamente mediadas a la hora de determinar la exposición a determinada información. El estudio empírico aplica técnicas de análisis de datos masivos en redes sociales, capturados y elaborados a partir de la herramienta Twitter Capture and Analysis Toolset (DMI-TCAT) y aplicando el algoritmo Louvain Multinivell. Se consigue así conocer cómo la información incorrecta y las correcciones posteriores se difunden de manera desigual en una red altamente politizada, en la que diferentes grupos de usuarios están expuestos a diferente información. Se analizan 27.648 actores y 76.815 conexiones. Además, se discute la utilidad de la Red Social y el Ánalisis de Big Data en la detección de propagación de noticias falsas y su eventual mitigación.This article examines the diffusion of misinformation published by the digita newspaper El Confidencial in a politically polarized context, analysing its behaviour in the digital conversation. The selected news relates some words pronounced by the president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, Quim Torra, in one of his official speeches, as well as the answer given by the Institute created in honour of the civil rights activist Martin Luther King. The purpose of this research is to take the aforementioned news story as a reference to study the influence of the ideologically mediated virtual relationships when terminating exposure to certain information. The case study employs techniques of massive data analysis in social networks, captured and elaborated using the tool Twitter Capture and Analysis Toolset (DMI-TCAT) and applying the algorithm Louvain Multinivell. It is thus possible to know how incorrect information and subsequent corrections are spread unevenly throughout a highly politicized network, in which different groups of users are exposed to different information. 27,648 actors and 76,815 connections were analyzed. In addition, the article discusses the utility of the Social Network and the Big Data Analysis in the detection of propagation of fake news and its eventual mitigation

Información de actualidad en TikTok. Viralidad y entretenimiento para nativos digitales

[EN] Since its appearance in 2018, TikTok has become one of the most popular social media platforms among digital natives because of its algorithm-based engagement strategies, a policy of public accounts, and a simple, colorful, and intuitive content interface. As happened in the past with other platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, various media are currently seeking ways to adapt to TikTok and its particular characteristics to attract a younger audience less accustomed to the consumption of journalistic material. Against this background, the aim of this study is to identify the presence of the media and journalists on TikTok, measure the virality and engagement of the content they generate, describe the communities created around them, and identify the presence of journalistic use of these accounts. For this, 23,174 videos from 143 accounts belonging to media from 25 countries were analyzed. The results indicate that, in general, the presence and impact of the media in this social network are low and that most of their content is oriented towards the creation of user communities based on viral content and entertainment. However, albeit with a lesser presence, one can also identify accounts and messages that adapt their content to the specific characteristics of TikTok. Their virality and engagement figures illustrate that there is indeed a niche for current affairs on this social network.[ES] Desde su aparición en 2018, TikTok se ha convertido en una de las redes sociales preferidas por los nativos digitales, gracias a sus estrategias de engagement o enganche mediante el uso de algoritmos, una política de cuentas públicas, y una interfaz de contenidos simple, colorida e intuitiva. Al igual que ocurrió en su momento con otras plataformas como Facebook, Twitter o Instagram, diversos medios de comunicación buscan en la actualidad la manera de adaptarse a TikTok y a sus particulares características para captar a una audiencia más joven y menos acostumbrada al consumo de información periodística. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación consiste en identificar la presencia de los medios de comunicación y periodistas en TikTok, medir la viralidad y el enganche de los contenidos que generan, describir las comunidades que se crean a su alrededor e identificar la presencia de usos periodísticos en estas cuentas. Para ello se han analizado 23.174 vídeos de 143 cuentas pertenecientes a medios de comunicación de 25 países. Los resultados indican que, con carácter general, la presencia y el impacto de los medios de comunicación en esta red social es baja, y que la mayoría de los contenidos se orientan hacia la creación de comunidades de usuarios sobre la base de contenidos virales y de entretenimiento. Sin embargo, aunque su presencia es menor, pueden identificarse asimismo cuentas y mensajes que adaptan sus contenidos a las características específicas de TikTok que por sus cifras de viralidad y enganche muestran que existe un nicho para la información de actualidad en esta red social.This work is part of the project “Noticias, redes y usuarios en el sistema híbrido de medios” (RTI2018-095775-B-C41), financed by Plan Nacional del I+D+i, of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Grupo de Investigación del Gobierno Vasco “Gureiker” (IT- 1112)

El 14F a Instagram : una proposta d'articulació de tècniques de raspat web i anàlisi de xarxes

En aquest article analitzem la campanya electoral del 14 de febrer de 2021 al Parlament de Catalunya a través de la conversa dels partits a Instagram, una de les plataformes digitals amb més usuaris registrats i també una de les menys ateses en la recerca sociològica sobre els mitjans socials. Hem aplicat una sèrie de tècniques de raspat web ètic i legal per adquirir les dades, que han estat recuperades, processades i emmagatzemades en una base de dades relacional. Posteriorment, hem aplicat tècniques de mineria de dades i algoritmes d'aprenentatge no supervisat orientats, d'una banda, a l'anàlisi descriptiva i exploratòria de la conversa i, de l'altra, a l'elaboració de xarxes de coocurrències lèxiques que ens permeten fer una anàlisi sobre el discurs que articulen els partits. Partint d'una metodología inductiva i estructural, hem caracteritzat diversos aspectes del relat que han construït els partits catalans en la campanya electoral: els relatius a les seves pràctiques de publicació de continguts, a l'acollida de les seves audiències i als diferents usos de hashtags i paraules que han dut a terme. Més enllà del cas d'anàlisi concreta i de la caracterització dels relats dels partits durant la campanya política del 14F i les seves diferències internes, amb aquest article també pretenem posar damunt la taula un model d'estudi basat en tècniques d'anàlisi de dades massives aplicables i replicables en qualsevol escenari de dades adquirit mitjançant tècniques de raspat web ètic i legal que garanteix l'autonomia investigadora dels científics socials.In this article we analyse the election campaign of 14 February 2021 in the Catalan Parliament through the parties' conversation on Instagram: one of the digital platforms with the most registered users and one of the least attended in sociological research on social media. We have applied a few ethical and legal web scraping techniques to acquire the data, which have been retrieved, processed and stored in a relational database. Subsequently, we have applied data mining techniques and unsupervised learning algorithms oriented, on the one hand, towards the descriptive and exploratory analysis of the conversation, and on the other, towards the elaboration of networks of lexical co-occurrences that allow us to apply an analysis on the discourse articulated by the parties. Using an inductive and structural methodology, we have characterised various aspects of the narrative constructed by the Catalan parties in the electoral campaign: aspects relating to their content publication practices, the reception of their audiences and the different uses of hashtags and words they have made. Beyond the specific case of analysis and the characterisation of the parties' narratives during the 14F political campaign and their internal differences, with this article we also aim to put on the table a model of analysis based on big data analysis techniques applicable and replicable in any data scenario acquired through ethical and legal web scraping techniques that guarantee the research autonomy of social scientists.En este artículo analizamos la campaña electoral del 14 de febrero de 2021 en el Parlament de Catalunya a través de la conversación de los partidos en Instagram, una de las plataformas digitales con más usuarios registrados y también una de las menos atendidas en la investigación sociológica sobre los medios sociales. Hemos aplicado una serie de técnicas de raspado web ético y legal para adquirir los datos, que han sido recuperados, procesados y almacenados en una base de datos relacional. Posteriormente, hemos aplicado técnicas de minería de datos y algoritmos de aprendizaje no supervisado orientados, por un lado, al análisis descriptivo y exploratorio de la conversación y, por otro, a la elaboración de redes de coocurrencias léxicas que nos permiten hacer un análisis sobre el discurso que articulan los partidos. Partiendo de una metodología inductiva y estructural, hemos caracterizado varios aspectos del relato que han construido los partidos catalanes en la campaña electoral: los relativos a sus prácticas de publicación de contenidos, a la acogida de sus audiencias y a los diferentes usos de hashtags y palabras que han llevado a cabo. Más allá del caso de análisis concreto y de la caracterización de los relatos de los partidos durante la campaña política del 14F y sus diferencias internas, con este artículo también pretendemos poner sobre la mesa un modelo de estudio basado en técnicas de análisis de datos masivos aplicables y replicables en cualquier escenario de datos adquirido mediante técnicas de raspado web ético y legal que garantiza la autonomía investigadora de los científicos sociales

Idus de marzo en México. La acción directa en las redes y en las calles de las multitudes conectadas feministas

This article analyses the cycle of mass protests by digitally-connected Mexican feminists between March 2019 and March 2020. Taking a descriptive approach to the analysis, the study triangulates qualitative and ethnographic methods with social network analysis. The article recounts how this period, which was marked by increasingly transgressive conflict, began with the #MeToo campaign between March and April 2019 and culminated on March 8 2020 with the women’s march and strike. The article considers how the feminist movement was increasingly radicalized through the emergence of repertoires of direct action and became a collective social actor of major relevance in the country. This change was evident in its disruptive power within professional guilds, study centers, and institutional politics, as well as the establishment of strategies and synergies with new, unexpected, and a very diverse range of social actors. Este artículo analiza el ciclo de protestas de las multitudes conectadas feministas mexicanas entre marzo de 2019 a marzo de 2020. Este periodo marcado por una creciente conflictividad transgresora inicia con la intensa campaña del #MeToo entre marzo y abril de 2019 y culmina con la marcha del 8 de marzo de 2020 y el Paro de Mujeres. El movimiento feminista se radicaliza con la aparición de repertorios de acción directa y se convierte en un actor colectivo de gran relevancia en el país, con un poder disruptivo en los gremios profesionales, en los centros de estudio y en la política institucional, estableciendo estrategias y sinergias con actores nuevos, inesperados y enormemente diversos.  Para una aproximación descriptiva de este ciclo como estudio de caso, se aplica la triangulación entre métodos cualitativos y etnográficos con el análisis de redes sociales

Networks and Stories. Analyzing the Transmission of the Feminist Intangible Cultural Heritage on Twitter

This article belongs to the Special Issue of Big Data Cogn.Comput.= "Big Data Analytics for Cultural Heritage"Internet social media is a key space in which the memorial resources of social movements, including the stories and knowledge of previous generations, are organised, disseminated, and reinterpreted. This is especially important for movements such as feminism, which places great emphasis on the transmission of an intangible cultural legacy between its different generations or waves, which are conformed through these cultural transmissions. In this sense, several authors have highlighted the importance of social media and hashtivism in shaping the fourth wave of feminism that has been taking place in recent years (e.g., #metoo). The aim of this article is to present to the scientific community a hybrid methodological proposal for the network and content analysis of audiences and their interactions on Twitter: we will do so by describing and evaluating the results of different research we have carried out in the field of feminist hashtivism. Structural analysis methods such as social network analysis have demonstrated their capacity to be applied to the analysis of social media interactions as a mixed methodology, that is, both quantitative and qualitative. This article shows the potential of a specific methodological process that combines inductive and inferential reasoning with hypothetico-deductive approaches. By applying the methodology developed in the case studies included in the article, it is shown that these two modes of reasoning work best when they are used together.This research was funded by Basque Government grant number IT-1112

Feminist hashtag activism in Spain: measuring the degree of politicisation of online discourse on #YoSíTeCreo, #HermanaYoSíTeCreo, #Cuéntalo y #NoEstásSola

The use of Twitter as a tool for mobilisation has made digital social and political activism a growing area of interest in communication research. Scholars have underscored the effectiveness of Twitter in galvanising the opinion of broad sectors of the public and expressing the indignation of average citizens on issues of social concern (Bruns et al., 2015; Martínez, 2017). The rise of feminist social media activism has prompted a number of studies on the feminist movement’s use of hashtags to foster online conversations on specific issues (Jinsook, 2017; Turley & Fisher, 2018; etc.). This article examines the correlation between the degree of ideological commitment amongst social media users and the nature of their Twitter conversations on a given issue. The analysis focuses on Twitter conversations generated by feminists, influencers, journalists and politicians in reaction to the controversial sentencing of the Wolf Pack (La Manada) –a gang of men involved in a sexual assault perpetrated during the San Fermín festival in Pamplona. Big data techniques were used to explore the nature of messages containing four highly charged hashtags central to feminist discourse on this issue: #YoSiTeCreo (Yes, I believe you), #HermanaYoSíTeCreo (Yes, sister, I believe you), #Cuéntalo (Talk about it) and #NoEstásSola (You are not alone). Our findings indicate that the levels of ideological commitment of Twitter users participating in what was essentially a feminist conversation varied to an extent that impeded serious interaction amongst them, either online or offline. From the perspective of communication strategy, feminist hashtag activism would appear to be an intermediate step in a longer process of creating a higher consciousness regarding gender equality issues in Spain

Green energy: identifying development trends in society using Twitter data mining to make strategic decisions

This study analyzes Twitter’s contribution to green energy. More than 200,000 global tweets sent during 2020 containing the terms “green energy” OR “greenenergy” were analyzed. The tweets were captured by web scraping and processed using algorithms and techniques for the analysis of massive datasets from social networks. In particular, relationships between users (through mentions) were determined according to the Louvain multilevel algorithm to identify communities and analyze global (density and centralization) and node-level (centrality) metrics. Subsequently, the content of the conversation was subject to semantic analysis (co-occurrence of the most relevant words), hashtag analysis (frequency analysis), and sentiment analysis (using the Vader model). The results reveal nine main communities and their leaders, as well as three main topics of conversation and the emotional state of the digital discussion. The main communities revolve around politics, socioeconomic issues, and environmental activism, while the conversations, which have developed mostly in positive terms, focus on green energy sources and storage, being aligned with the main communities identified, i.e., on political, socioeconomic, and climate change issues. Although most of the conversations have been about socioeconomic issues, the presence of leading company accounts was minor. The main aim of this work is to take the first steps toward an innovative competitive intelligence methodology to study and determine trends within different scientific fields or technologies in society that will enable strategic decisions to be made