Vida de desayuno, ensueño de lucha, dormir de dignidad

Este producto fue elaborado por su autor en el marco del Seminario de Extensión Docente "Ciudades, estigmatización y marginalidad urbana. Lecturas desde Latinoamérica de la obra de Loïc Wacquant" de Laura Paniagua Arguedas, como parte del ED-1474 Programa de actualización académica y temática en arquitectura, diseño, urbanismo y construcción y el ED-3031 Programa de Extensión Docente del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales (IIS)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Extensión Docent

Mapear para defender nuestros territorios: cartografías participativas del territorio Bribri y de Paraíso de Sixaola, Cantón Talamanca en los años 2015 y 2016.

En este trabajo los territorios son entendidos más allá del espacio físico que se habita, para ser comprendidos a través de las relaciones que se establecen en ellos, los saberes que se generan, las formas de entender el mundo que se practican, incluyendo así las dinámicas agroecológicas que se presentan. En ambos casos (Sixaola y Territorio Bribri), el proceso de cartografía se hizo posible gracias al trabajo de acompañamiento comunitario previo que realizó el Programa Kioscos Socio-ambientales en ambas localidades durante varios años. De esta forma, se crearon dos mapas con la población indígena y dos mapas como la campesina. Con el primer grupo se elaboró: “Amenazas en el Territorio Bribri”, que relata las amenazas que ha enfrentado históricamente el Territorio Bribri y otro llamado “Iriria”, el cual habla sobre las amenazas que viven las mujeres bribris desde sus territorios cuerpos y las formas en que resisten a las mismas. Por otro lado, en Sixaola se generaron los mapas: “Territorios en Conflicto”, el cual relata los distintos conflictos territoriales que enfrentan los y las campesinas en la zona de Paraíso de Sixaola y el mapa de parcelas campesinas de Sixaola, en el cual el grupo de campesinos y campesinas mapean sus parcelas y los distintos cultivos que siembran, para así desmitificar la idea de que en Sixaola sólo se siembra plátano y banano y evidenciar la gran diversidad de cultivos que trabajan.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Programa Kioscos Socio-ambientales para la Organización ComunitariaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación y Estudios Políticos (CIEP

Cartografiar nuestras realidades y desde nuestras experiencias: cartilla metodológica a partir de 3 experiencias de cartografía participativa en la Zona Norte, Paraíso de Sixaola y en el territorio bribri de Talamanca

Universidad de Costa Rica,Vicerrectoría de Acción Social, [2019?]. 48 páginas : ilustraciones (principalmente a color), mapas a colorEsta cartilla fue elaborada por un equipo de personas que pertenecemos a distintos programas de la Universidad de Costa Rica, uno que es parte del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Políticos (CIEP), el cual es el Programa Estado-Ambiente y Territorio (PEAT) y el otro es el Programa Kioscos Socioambientales para la Organización Comunitaria de la Vicerrectoría de Acción Social. Las personas que contamos aquí nuestras experiencias pertenecemos a dos proyectos distintos. Uno de estos es la creación de un atlas participativo de los distintos conflictos socioambientales del cantón Talamanca, enfatizando en dos procesos diferentes, uno en las comunidades de Paraíso de Sixaola y el otro con las pertenecientes al territorio Bribri de Talamanca.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación y Estudios Políticos (CIEP)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Programa Kioscos Socio-ambientales para la Organización ComunitariaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales (IIS

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Tierras en lucha: resistencia campesina. Atlas de la memoria de las comunidades de Finca Chánguena, Finca 9 y Finca 10 de Palmar Sur de osa, 2016-2019

Esta memoria fue elaborada en conjunto por personas campesinas de las comunidades de Finca 9, Finca 10 y Finca Chánguena de Palmar Sur de Osa, Puntarenas, quienes trabajamos con el TCU Cartografiando el Conflicto Socioambientales y el Programa Kioscos Socioambientales a través del "Atlas de Palmar Sur".UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Ciencias PolíticasUCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Programa Kioscos Socio-ambientales para la Organización Comunitari

An international observational study to assess the impact of the Omicron variant emergence on the clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients

Background: Whilst timely clinical characterisation of infections caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 variants is necessary for evidence-based policy response, individual-level data on infecting variants are typically only available for a minority of patients and settings. Methods: Here, we propose an innovative approach to study changes in COVID-19 hospital presentation and outcomes after the Omicron variant emergence using publicly available population-level data on variant relative frequency to infer SARS-CoV-2 variants likely responsible for clinical cases. We apply this method to data collected by a large international clinical consortium before and after the emergence of the Omicron variant in different countries. Results: Our analysis, that includes more than 100,000 patients from 28 countries, suggests that in many settings patients hospitalised with Omicron variant infection less often presented with commonly reported symptoms compared to patients infected with pre-Omicron variants. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital after Omicron variant emergence had lower mortality compared to patients admitted during the period when Omicron variant was responsible for only a minority of infections (odds ratio in a mixed-effects logistic regression adjusted for likely confounders, 0.67 [95% confidence interval 0.61-0.75]). Qualitatively similar findings were observed in sensitivity analyses with different assumptions on population-level Omicron variant relative frequencies, and in analyses using available individual-level data on infecting variant for a subset of the study population. Conclusions: Although clinical studies with matching viral genomic information should remain a priority, our approach combining publicly available data on variant frequency and a multi-country clinical characterisation dataset with more than 100,000 records allowed analysis of data from a wide range of settings and novel insights on real-world heterogeneity of COVID-19 presentation and clinical outcome

A multi-country analysis of COVID-19 hospitalizations by vaccination status

Background: Individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), when infected, can still develop disease that requires hospitalization. It remains unclear whether these patients differ from hospitalized unvaccinated patients with regard to presentation, coexisting comorbidities, and outcomes. Methods: Here, we use data from an international consortium to study this question and assess whether differences between these groups are context specific. Data from 83,163 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (34,843 vaccinated, 48,320 unvaccinated) from 38 countries were analyzed. Findings: While typical symptoms were more often reported in unvaccinated patients, comorbidities, including some associated with worse prognosis in previous studies, were more common in vaccinated patients. Considerable between-country variation in both in-hospital fatality risk and vaccinated-versus-unvaccinated difference in this outcome was observed. Conclusions: These findings will inform allocation of healthcare resources in future surges as well as design of longer-term international studies to characterize changes in clinical profile of hospitalized COVID-19 patients related to vaccination history. Funding: This work was made possible by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome (215091/Z/18/Z, 222410/Z/21/Z, 225288/Z/22/Z, and 220757/Z/20/Z); the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1209135); and the philanthropic support of the donors to the University of Oxford's COVID-19 Research Response Fund (0009109). Additional funders are listed in the "acknowledgments" section

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population