Bibliografía General de Historia de Vasconia (1998) = Euskal Herriko Historiaren Bibliografia Orokorra (1998)

Este trabajo tiene por objeto la publicación anual de un Índice Bibliográfico de Historia de Vasconia, comprendiendo el territorio de las Provincias Vascongadas (hoy, Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco), Navarra e Iparralde. Abarca lo publicado en revistas y libros editados en 1998 acerca de la Historia vasca desde la Antigüedad hasta nuestros días. Los títulos se clasifican en siete grandes apartados: Archivos, Fondos Documentales y Bibliotecas; Bibliografía e Historiografía; Obras Generales, Edad Antigua, Edad Media, Edad Moderna y Edad Contemporánea. A su vez, estas cuatro Edades se subdividen en Obras Generales y en varios periodos históricos.Urteroko Euskal Herriko Historiaren Aurkibide Bibliografikoa argitaratzea da lan honen helburua, Euskal Herriaren barnean Araba, Bizkaia eta Gipuzkoa (gaur egun, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa), Nafarroa eta Iparraldea harturik. Euskal Historiari buruz, Antzinatetik gure egunotaraino, 1998ko aldizkari eta liburuetan argitaraturikoa hartzen du bere baitan. Izenburuak zazpi sail handitan banaturik daude: Artxiboak, Gordailu Dokumentalak eta Bibliotekak; Bibliografia eta Historiografia; Obra Orokorrak, Antzinaroa, Erdi Aroa, Aro Modernoa eta Gaur egungo Aroa. Hala berean, lau Aro horiek Obra Orokorretan eta zenbait aldi historikotan banaturik aurkitzen dira.Le but de ce travail est la publication annuelle d'un Index Bibliographique d'Histoire du Pays Basque, y compris le territoire des Provinces Basques (aujourd'hui la Communauté Autonome du Pays Basque), la Navarre et le Pays Basque français. Il comprend ce qui a été publié dans des revues et des livres édités en 1998 au sujet de l'Histoire basque depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'à nos jours. Les titres sont classés en sept grandes sections: Archives, Fonds Documentaires et Bibliothèques; Bibliographie et Historiographie; Oeuvres Générales, Antiquité, Moyen-Âge, Temps Modernes et Epoque Contemporaine. En même temps, ces quatre Epoques se subdivisent en Oeuvres Générales et en plusieurs périodes historiques.The objective of this work is the annual publication of a Bibliographical Index for the History of Vasconia, including the territory of the Basque Provinces (today, the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country), Navarra and Iparralde. It encompasses what is published in magazines and books edited in 1998 about Basque History from the Antiquity to the present day. The titles are classified in six large sections: Archives, Libraries, Bibliography and Historiography; General Works, Ancient Times, Middle Ages, Modern Age and Contemporary Age. At the same time, these four Ages are subdivided into General Works and in several historical periods

¿Es la escritura académica odontológica hispanoamericana un discurso matizado? Estudio de la atenuación en artículos de investigación

This paper is part of a wider research project which studies the academic writing of the dental Hispano-American community. It aims to describe and to analyze which hedging strategies are used and for what purpose in 40 dental research papers published in Hispano-American journals (1 Venezuelan, 1 Cuban and 2 Spanish) between 1999 and 2005. The frequency of use of hedges in the different rhetorical sections of the dental papers is analyzed: introduction, method, results, discussion and conclusions. In addition, we compare the use of hedging strategies according to the section, journal and nationality. It was found that impersonal constructions and approximators predominated, followed by shields. However, deictics and the compound hedges reported less frequency. Introduction and discussion were the most heavily hedged sections. Nevertheless, hedges were also registered, mainly impersonal type, in method and results sections. Conclusion was the least hedged section. Shields, deictics and compound hedges were found mainly in the introduction and the discussion sections. On the other hand, approximators, shields and impersonal constructions were used in all the sections. The comparisons of our results show statistically significant differences in the use of hedges according to the rhetorical section, and the nationality; we also found differences between the frequencies of use of the five hedging strategies. Hedging is a very frequent strategy in the dental Hispanic RP; therefore, we propose its formal teaching in the dental academic writing courses.&nbsp

Plan de mejoramiento desde la gestión directiva para el manejo del conflicto interpersonal entre estudiantes de grados 3ro y 4to de educación básica primaria en cinco instituciones educativas distritales

138 páginasLa presente investigación se realizó en cinco Instituciones Educativas pertenecientes a la Secretaría de Educación del Distrito: El Estanislao Zuleta IED de la localidad de Usme, La Estancia San Isidro Labrador IED de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar, Venecia IED de la localidad de Tunjuelito, Fernando Mazuera Villegas IED y Germán Arciniegas IED, ambos en la localidad de Bosa; como resultado se propone un plan de mejoramiento que mitigue los conflictos interpersonales entre estudiantes de los grados 3ro y 4to de educación básica primaria a través de la implementación de juegos tradicionales del departamento de Nariño que promuevan la tolerancia y el trabajo en grupo. Las categorías de tolerancia y trabajo en grupo fueron seleccionadas como resultado de la aplicación de un test de Relaciones Interpersonales, los análisis documentales al observador del estudiante y entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a las orientadoras escolares.The present investigation was carried out in five Educational Institutions belonging to the Department of Education of the District: El Estanislao Zuleta IED of the town of Usme, La Estancia San Isidro Labrador IED of the town of Ciudad Bolívar, Venice IED of the town of Tunjuelito, Fernando Mazuera Villegas IED and Germán Arciniegas IED, both in the town of Bosa; For this reason, an improvement plan is proposed to mitigate interpersonal conflicts between students in grades 3 and 4 of primary education through traditional games from the department of Nariño that promote tolerance and group work. The categories of tolerance and group work were selected because of the application of an Interpersonal Relations test, the documentary analysis of the student's observer and semi-structured interviews carried out with the school counselors.Especialización en Gerencia EducativaEspecialista en Gerencia Educativ

A Comparative Study of Physical and Chemical Processes for Removal of Biomass in Biofilters

After 6 months of operation a long-term biofilter was stopped for two weeks and then it was started up again for a second experimental period of almost 1.3 years, with high toluene loads and submitted to several physical and chemical treatments in order to remove excess biomass that could affect the reactor’s performance due to clogging, whose main effect is a high pressure drop. Elimination capacity and removal efficiency were determined after each treatment. The methods applied were: filling with water and draining, backwashing, and air sparging. Different flows and temperatures (20, 30, 45 and 60 °C) were applied, either with distilled water or with different chemicals in aqueous solutions. Treatments with chemicals caused a decrease of the biofilter performance, requiring periods of 1 to 2 weeks to recover previous values. The results indicate that air sparging with pure distilled water as well as with solutions of NaOH (0.01% w/v) and NaOCl (0.01% w/v) were the treatments that removed more biomass, working either at 20, 30 or 45 °C and at relatively low flow rates (below 320 L h−1), but with a high biodegradation inhibition after the treatments. Dry biomass (g VS) content was determined at three different heights of the biofilter in order to carry out each experiment under the same conditions. The same amount of dry biomass when applying a treatment was established so it could be considered that the biofilm conditions were identical. Wet biomass was used as a control of the biofilter’s water content during treatments. Several batch assays were performed to support and quantify the observed inhibitory effects of the different chemicals and temperatures applied

Estrutura populacional e agentes polinizadores de Catasetum ochraceum nas rocas da cordilheira ocidental (La Vorágine, Colômbia)

Catasetum ochraceum is a terrestrial orchid with discontinuous distribution in Colombia and Venezuela. A population was monitored for four years in La Vorágine, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Pollination observations were made, as well as a census of individuals in the population was carried out. Catasetum spp is known to be pollinated by male euglossine bees, so to identify local pollinators, traps were located with attractants 1-8 cineol and methyl salicylate to collect bees with Catasetum polynaries. A total of 50 individuals were recorded, measured and mapped for follow-up from 2016 to 2020. During the observation period, no marked plants produced fruit and 22 plants survived until the end of the sampling. As for the collection of bees, 18 specimens of eight different species were recorded: Eulema nigrita, Exaerete smaragdina, Euglossa despecta, Eg. ignita, Eg. modestior, Eg. tridentata, Eg. deceptrix and Eg. liopoda. From these, Eg. deceptrix and Eg. liopoda carried polynaries of C. ochraceum. Therefore it is concluded that this population of orchids could be threatened, but the reasons for the population decline are unknown. In addition, two potential pollinator species are identified in the study area.Catasetum ochraceum es una orquídea terrestre con distribución discontinua en Colombia y Venezuela. Una población fue monitoreada durante cuatro años en La Vorágine, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se realizaron observaciones de polinización y se hizo un censo de los individuos de la población. Se sabe que las Catasetum spp son polinizadas por abejas euglosinas machos, así que para identificar los polinizadores locales ubicamos trampas con los atrayentes 1-8 cineol y salicilato de metilo para colectar abejas con polinarios de Catasetum. Un total de 50 individuos fueron registrados, medidos y mapeados para hacerles seguimiento desde 2016 hasta 2020. Durante el periodo de observación, ninguna planta marcada produjo frutos y 22 plantas sobrevivieron hasta el final del muestreo. En cuanto a la colecta de abejas, 18 especímenes de ocho especies diferentes fueron registrados: Eulema nigrita, Exaerete smaragdina, Euglossa despecta, Eg. ignita, Eg. modestior, Eg. tridentata, Eg. deceptrix y Eg. liopoda. De estas, Eg. deceptrix y Eg. liopoda portaron polinarios de C. ochraceum. Se concluye que esta población de orquídeas podría estar amenazada, pero se desconocen las razones del declive poblacional. Además, se identifican dos especies de polinizadores potenciales en la zona de estudio.Catasetum ochraceum é uma orquídea terrestre com distribuição descontínua na Colômbia e na Venezuela. Uma população foi monitorada durante quatro anos em La Vorágine, Valle del Cauca, Colômbia. Foram realizadas observações de polinização e foi feito um censo dos indivíduos da população. Sabe-se que as Catasetum spp são polinizadas por abelhas Euglossini machos (“abelhas das orquídeas”), assim que, para identificar os polinizadores locais, localizamos armadilhas com os atraentes 1-8 cineol e salicilato de metilo para coletar abelhas com polinários de Catasetum. Um total de 50 indivíduos foram registrados, medidos e mapeados para fazer acompanhamento desde 2016 até 2020. Durante o período de observação, nenhuma planta marcada produziu frutos e 22 plantas sobreviveram até o final da amostra. Quanto à coleta de abelhas, 18 espécimenes de oito espécies diferentes foram registrados: Eulema nigrita, Exaerete smaragdina, Euglossa despecta, Eg. ignita, Eg. modestior, Eg. tridentata, Eg. deceptrix e Eg. liopoda. Destas, Eg. deceptrix e Eg. liopoda portaram polinários de C. ochraceum. Conclui-se que essa população de orquídeas poderia estar ameaçada, mas são desconhecidas as razões da decadência populacional. Além disso, duas espécies são identificadas de polinizadores potenciais na zona de estudo

Vitruvius+: An area-efficient RISC-V decoupled vector coprocessor for high performance computing applications

The maturity level of RISC-V and the availability of domain-specific instruction set extensions, like vector processing, make RISC-V a good candidate for supporting the integration of specialized hardware in processor cores for the High Performance Computing (HPC) application domain. In this article,1 we present Vitruvius+, the vector processing acceleration engine that represents the core of vector instruction execution in the HPC challenge that comes within the EuroHPC initiative. It implements the RISC-V vector extension (RVV) 0.7.1 and can be easily connected to a scalar core using the Open Vector Interface standard. Vitruvius+ natively supports long vectors: 256 double precision floating-point elements in a single vector register. It is composed of a set of identical vector pipelines (lanes), each containing a slice of the Vector Register File and functional units (one integer, one floating point). The vector instruction execution scheme is hybrid in-order/out-of-order and is supported by register renaming and arithmetic/memory instruction decoupling. On a stand-alone synthesis, Vitruvius+ reaches a maximum frequency of 1.4 GHz in typical conditions (TT/0.80V/25°C) using GlobalFoundries 22FDX FD-SOI. The silicon implementation has a total area of 1.3 mm2 and maximum estimated power of ~920 mW for one instance of Vitruvius+ equipped with eight vector lanes.This research has received funding from the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (JU) under Framework Partnership Agreement No 800928 (European Processor Initiative) and Specific Grant Agreement No 101036168 (EPI SGA2). The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and from Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. The EPI-SGA2 project, PCI2022-132935 is also co-funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the UE NextGen- erationEU/PRTR. This work has also been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-107255GB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

DVINO: A RISC-V vector processor implemented in 65nm technology

This paper describes the design, verification, implementation and fabrication of the Drac Vector IN-Order (DVINO) processor, a RISC-V vector processor capable of booting Linux jointly developed by BSC, CIC-IPN, IMB-CNM (CSIC), and UPC. The DVINO processor includes an internally developed two-lane vector processor unit as well as a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The paper summarizes the design from architectural as well as logic synthesis and physical design in CMOS 65nm technology.The DRAC project is co-financed by the European Union Regional Development Fund within the framework of the ERDF Operational Program of Catalonia 2014-2020 with a grant of 50% of total eligible cost. The authors are part of RedRISCV which promotes activities around open hardware. The Lagarto Project is supported by the Research and Graduate Secretary (SIP) of the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) from Mexico, and by the CONACyT scholarship for Center for Research in Computing (CIC-IPN).Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 43 autors/es: Guillem Cabo∗, Gerard Candón∗, Xavier Carril∗, Max Doblas∗, Marc Domínguez∗, Alberto González∗, Cesar Hernández†, Víctor Jiménez∗, Vatistas Kostalampros∗, Rubén Langarita∗, Neiel Leyva†, Guillem López-Paradís∗, Jonnatan Mendoza∗, Francesco Minervini∗, Julian Pavón∗, Cristobal Ramírez∗, Narcís Rodas∗, Enrico Reggiani∗, Mario Rodríguez∗, Carlos Rojas∗, Abraham Ruiz∗, Víctor Soria∗, Alejandro Suanes‡, Iván Vargas∗, Roger Figueras∗, Pau Fontova∗, Joan Marimon∗, Víctor Montabes∗, Adrián Cristal∗, Carles Hernández∗, Ricardo Martínez‡, Miquel Moretó∗§, Francesc Moll∗§, Oscar Palomar∗§, Marco A. Ramírez†, Antonio Rubio§, Jordi Sacristán‡, Francesc Serra-Graells‡, Nehir Sonmez∗, Lluís Terés‡, Osman Unsal∗, Mateo Valero∗§, Luís Villa† // ∗Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain. Email: [email protected]; †Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico; ‡ Institut de Microelectronica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Spain. Email: [email protected]; §Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain. Email: [email protected] (author's final draft

Repeat cryoablation as a redo procedure for atrial fibrillation ablation: Is it a good choice?

Background: Ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), both cryoablation ablation (CBA) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), have demonstrated to be safe and effective. About 1 in 3 patients may face a redo due to recurrence and the best technique is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of CBA as a repeat procedure in patients with prior CBA or RFCA. Methods: A nation-wide CBA registry (RECABA) was analyzed and patients were compared who had previously undergone CBA (Prior-CB) or RFCA (Prior-RF). The primary endpoint was AF recurrence at 12 months after a 3-month blanking period. A survival analysis was performed, univariate and multivariate Cox models were also built. Results: Seventy-four patients were included. Thirty-three (44.6%) were in the Prior-CB group and 41 (55.4%) in the Prior-RF. There were more reconnected pulmonary veins in the Prior-RF than in Prior-CB group (40.4% vs.16.5%, p = 0.0001). The 12-month Kaplan–Meier estimate of freedom from AF recurrence after the blanking period was 61.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.4–75.8%) in the Prior-CB, and 89.2% (95% CI 73.6–95.9%) in the Prior-RF group (p = 0.002).  Multivariate Cox regression pointed Prior-CB as the sole independent predictor of AF recurrence, with an adjusted HR of 2.67 (95% CI 1.05–6.79). Conclusions: Repeat CBA shows higher rates of AF recurrences compared to CBA after a previous RFCA despite presenting less reconnected veins at the procedure. These data suggest that patients with AF recurrence after CBA may benefit from other ablation techniques after a recurrence. RECABA is registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the Unique Identifier NCT02785991

First year of energetic particle measurements in the inner heliosphere with Solar Orbiter's Energetic Particle Detector

Context. Solar Orbiter strives to unveil how the Sun controls and shapes the heliosphere and fills it with energetic particle radiation. To this end, its Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) has now been in operation, providing excellent data, for just over a year. Aims. EPD measures suprathermal and energetic particles in the energy range from a few keV up to (near-) relativistic energies (few MeV for electrons and about 500 MeV nuc−1 for ions). We present an overview of the initial results from the first year of operations and we provide a first assessment of issues and limitations. In addition, we present areas where EPD excels and provides opportunities for significant scientific progress in understanding how our Sun shapes the heliosphere. Methods. We used the solar particle events observed by Solar Orbiter on 21 July and between 10 and 11 December 2020 to discuss the capabilities, along with updates and open issues related to EPD on Solar Orbiter. We also give some words of caution and caveats related to the use of EPD-derived data. Results. During this first year of operations of the Solar Orbiter mission, EPD has recorded several particle events at distances between 0.5 and 1 au from the Sun. We present dynamic and time-averaged energy spectra for ions that were measured with a combination of all four EPD sensors, namely: the SupraThermal Electron and Proton sensor (STEP), the Electron Proton Telescope (EPT), the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), and the High-Energy Telescope (HET) as well as the associated energy spectra for electrons measured with STEP and EPT. We illustrate the capabilities of the EPD suite using the 10 and 11 December 2020 solar particle event. This event showed an enrichment of heavy ions as well as 3He, for which we also present dynamic spectra measured with SIS. The high anisotropy of electrons at the onset of the event and its temporal evolution is also shown using data from these sensors. We discuss the ongoing in-flight calibration and a few open instrumental issues using data from the 21 July and the 10 and 11 December 2020 events and give guidelines and examples for the usage of the EPD data. We explain how spacecraft operations may affect EPD data and we present a list of such time periods in the appendix. A list of the most significant particle enhancements as observed by EPT during this first year is also provided.Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadAgencia Estatal de Investigació

Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults

Introducción En nombre de las Asociaciones Colombianas de Neumología y Cirugía del Tórax, de Medicina Crítica y Cuidado Intensivo, de Medicina Interna y de Infectología, es un placer presentar las “Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos inmunocompetentes”. Este el fruto de un trabajo en conjunto durante tres años, en los cuales profesionales de las 4 asociaciones contribuyeron en el desarrollo de este documento que actualiza la versión previa de la guía del 2003. En este documento, no solo se tuvo en cuenta la mejor evidencia disponible publicada mediante la evaluación de guías existentes y búsquedas primarias, sino que también se incluyó información valiosa publicada localmente, especialmente datos epidemiológicos relacionados con etiología y resistencia bacteriana, entre otros.Guía de práctica clínica1-3