High-energy diet does not overcome the negative impact of conjugated linoleic acid on young broiler performance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in diets with different energy levels in broiler performance. Birds were offered a starter (1-21 d), grower (22-35 d) and finisher (36-42 d) diets; wherein soybean oil was replaced by CLA. The study consisted of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with two CLA levels (0 and 1%) and three energy levels (3050, 3100 and 3150 ME kg-1 diet). During the grower and finisher periods, birds were fed diets with same energy level and CLA supplementation was maintained the same. Growth performance was assessed weekly, and carcass and cuts yield were assessed at 42d. Interaction effect of CLA by energy level was observed in broiler performance and carcass yield throughout the study (p > 0.05). During the overall period (1-42 d) broiler performance was not affected by CLA (p > 0.05).However, CLA supplementation (1%) decreased weight gain (p 0.05). The increase in dietary energy was not able to compensate the negative effect on growth performance of broilers supplemented with 1% CLA at the starter period

Vantagens e limitações do Serious Games no ensino da enfermagem: potencial no contexto pós-COVID-19

The aim was to discuss the advantages and limitations of the Serious Game (SG) in nursing education and its potential in the post-COVID-19 context. It is a theoretical reflection. SGs are games designed to entertain, educate, train and change behavior. As advantages, SGs present the possibility of replication at different and countless times, inserting the student in unusual situations, feedback directed at the student's performance, reduced cost compared to other simulators; use in various devices, entertainment and the practice of clinical reasoning and decision making in a safe and controlled environment. Limitations: lack of knowledge about the method can lead to disinterest; the number of cases students are exposed to; lack of long-term monitoring; the design itself limits the user to the touch or look of the actual experience. In the post-COVID-19 context, new technologies and virtual reality are likely to be essential components of health education. Although there are limitations, when associated with other strategies already disseminated in the classroom, GS has proven to be useful for nursing education. It is essential to disseminate this strategy, so that students arrive more prepared for the real clinical environment.Objetivou-se discorrer sobre as vantagens e limitações do Serious Game (SG) no ensino da enfermagem e seu potencial no contexto pós-COVID-19. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica. Os SG são jogos desenvolvidos para entreter, educar, treinar e mudar o comportamento. Como vantagens os SG apresentam a possibilidade de replicação em diferentes e incontáveis momentos, inserir o estudante em situações incomuns, feedbacks direcionados à atuação do estudante, custo reduzido se comparados a outros simuladores; utilização em diversos dispositivos, entretenimento e a prática do raciocínio clínico e tomada de decisão em ambiente seguro e controlado. Limitações: o desconhecimento sobre o método pode culminar em desinteresse; o número de casos a que os alunos são expostos; falta de monitoramento a longo prazo; o próprio design limita o usuário quanto ao toque ou olhar da experiência real. No contexto pós-COVID-19, novas tecnologias e a realidade virtual têm grande probabilidade de serem componentes essenciais da formação em saúde. Embora existam limitações, quando associado às demais estratégias já difundidas da sala de aula o SG tem se mostrado útil para o ensino da enfermagem. É fundamental difundir essa estratégia, para que os estudantes cheguem mais preparados ao ambiente clínico real

Vantagens e limitações do Serious Games no ensino da enfermagem: potencial no contexto pós-COVID-19

The aim was to discuss the advantages and limitations of the Serious Game (SG) in nursing education and its potential in the post-COVID-19 context. It is a theoretical reflection. SGs are games designed to entertain, educate, train and change behavior. As advantages, SGs present the possibility of replication at different and countless times, inserting the student in unusual situations, feedback directed at the student's performance, reduced cost compared to other simulators; use in various devices, entertainment and the practice of clinical reasoning and decision making in a safe and controlled environment. Limitations: lack of knowledge about the method can lead to disinterest; the number of cases students are exposed to; lack of long-term monitoring; the design itself limits the user to the touch or look of the actual experience. In the post-COVID-19 context, new technologies and virtual reality are likely to be essential components of health education. Although there are limitations, when associated with other strategies already disseminated in the classroom, GS has proven to be useful for nursing education. It is essential to disseminate this strategy, so that students arrive more prepared for the real clinical environment.Objetivou-se discorrer sobre as vantagens e limitações do Serious Game (SG) no ensino da enfermagem e seu potencial no contexto pós-COVID-19. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica. Os SG são jogos desenvolvidos para entreter, educar, treinar e mudar o comportamento. Como vantagens os SG apresentam a possibilidade de replicação em diferentes e incontáveis momentos, inserir o estudante em situações incomuns, feedbacks direcionados à atuação do estudante, custo reduzido se comparados a outros simuladores; utilização em diversos dispositivos, entretenimento e a prática do raciocínio clínico e tomada de decisão em ambiente seguro e controlado. Limitações: o desconhecimento sobre o método pode culminar em desinteresse; o número de casos a que os alunos são expostos; falta de monitoramento a longo prazo; o próprio design limita o usuário quanto ao toque ou olhar da experiência real. No contexto pós-COVID-19, novas tecnologias e a realidade virtual têm grande probabilidade de serem componentes essenciais da formação em saúde. Embora existam limitações, quando associado às demais estratégias já difundidas da sala de aula o SG tem se mostrado útil para o ensino da enfermagem. É fundamental difundir essa estratégia, para que os estudantes cheguem mais preparados ao ambiente clínico real

Evaluation of piglet birth weight on growth performance and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of carcasses of immunocastrated pigs

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of birth weight on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of immunocastrated male pigs. Seventy-two boars were assigned to three birth weight categories (BiW): light BiW pigs (LP: 0.98±0.083 kg BW; n = 24), normal BiW pigs (NP: 1.42±0.067 kg BW; n = 24), and heavy BiW pigs (HP: 1.85±0.096 kg BW; n = 24). For treatment design, we considered a weight range of two standard deviations (SD) in relation to the average population body weight (from 0.785 to 2.155 kg BW−1 ). The animals were housed in six pens with 12 animals per pen, with ad libitum access to water and feed throughout the study. In the growing and finishing phases, pigs were immunocastrated with two doses of vaccine at 112 and 161 days of age. The three BiW categories were different up to departure from the nursery (70 days). After this period, there was no difference between NP and HP in terms of BiW. Measurements showed that a low BiW reduced the loin eye area (9.4%), longissimus thoracis muscle depth (7.6%), and meat:fat ratio (21.6%). Backfat thickness (21.5%) and fat area (11.8%) were higher in LP as compared with the NP and HP categories. Light BiW pigs presented a lower weight steak (7.0%) and belly + rib (8.6%) compared with NP and HP, but did not differ within the LP group. Light BiW pigs required a greater lodging time (14 days), generating higher accumulated feed intake to reach the same slaughter BiW as the other categories. Growth performance and carcass characteristics are influenced by the birth weight (BiW) category. Light BiW pigs require more time and feed intake to reach the same slaughter weight. Birth weight has positive effects on meat quality and weight of commercial cuts

Determination of the naturalness index of gluten-free breads commercialized in brazilian supermarkets/ Determinação do índice de naturalidade dos pães sem glúten comercializados nos supermercados brasileiros

Gluten-free bread is the preference of many consumers who seek to eat healthier and suffer from physiological disorders when consuming products made with wheat, rye, barley and oats. However, there are still no studies that have evaluated the naturalness of this product. The aim of this study was to determine the naturalness index of gluten-free breads from different brands sold on Brazilian store websites. Terms such as “whole gluten-free bread” and “multigrain gluten-free bread” were used. 10 samples of different brands were selected. The brands of gluten-free breads were evaluated according to the scoring criteria from 1 (not natural) to 5 (extremely natural) for each factor and compared to the reference values. Descriptive statistical analyzes of mean, standard deviation, as well as Pearson's correlation index (r) were performed. In general, gluten-free breads had a Natural Index of 3.00 ± 0.55, being classified as moderately natural. This result pointed to the challenges of making more natural gluten-free breads, with the use of less additives and processed ingredients in the formulations, in order to serve a more conscious and selective market in relation to its food choices

Therapeutic effects of the transplantation of VEGF overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the hippocampus of murine model of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clinically characterized by progressive memory loss, behavioral and learning dysfunction and cognitive deficits, such as alterations in social interactions. the major pathological features of AD are the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles together with neuronal and vascular damage. the double transgenic mouse model of AD (2xTg-AD) with the APPswe/PS1dE9 mutations shows characteristics that are similar to those observed in AD patients, including social memory impairment, senile plaque formation and vascular deficits. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), when transplanted into the brain, produce positive effects by reducing amyloid-beta (AN deposition in transgenic amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilins1 (PS1) mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), exhibits neuroprotective effects against the excitotoxicity implicated in the AD neurodegeneration. the present study investigates the effects of MSCs overexpressing VEGF in hippocampal neovascularization, cognitive dysfunction and senile plaques present in 2xTg-AD transgenic mice. MSC were transfected with vascular endothelial growth factor cloned in uP vector under control of modified CMV promoter (uP-VEGF) vector, by electroporation and expanded at the 14th passage. 2xTg-AD animals at 6, 9 and 12 months old were transplanted with MSC-VEGF or MSC. the animals were tested for behavioral tasks to access locomotion, novelty exploration, learning and memory, and their brains were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for vascularization and A(3 plaques. MSC-VEGF treatment favored the neovascularization and diminished senile plaques in hippocampal specific layers. Consequently, the treatment was able to provide behavioral benefits and reduce cognitive deficits by recovering the innate interest to novelty and counteracting memory deficits present in these AD transgenic animals. Therefore, this study has important therapeutic implications for the vascular damage in the neurodegeneration promoted by AD.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Depto Fisiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Depto Fisiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Influências da Textura e Temperatura dos Solos Sobre a Regeneração do Cerrado na Estação Ecológica de Jataí – Luiz Antônio/SP-Brasil

Diversos trabalhos destacam a importância do Cerrado como “hotspot” mundial de biodiversidade, estando entre as 27 áreas críticas de biodiversidade do Planeta e encontrando-se em contínua ameaça, sobretudo devido ao uso e ocupação indiscriminado de suas terras, principalmente pelo setor agropecuário. Diante disso, importantes políticas públicas são criadas com a finalidade de promover a conservação, recuperação e o manejo sustentável desse bioma. Porém, esses objetivos se esbarram na falta de estudos técnicos, dificultando o direcionamento adequado de verbas e ações. Assim, visando fornecer subsídios à estas, o presente trabalho objetivou mensurar oscilações diuturnas de temperatura dos solos e suas relações com a regeneração da vegetação. O estudo é de caráter exploratório, baseado em levantamento bibliográfico e experimental, a partir de coleta de amostras de solo, análises laboratoriais e medições de temperatura em campo. As atividades foram desenvolvidas em dois pontos no interior da Estação Ecológica de Jataí – SP/Brasil. Os resultados permitiram verificar maiores variações de temperatura diuturna nos primeiros 20cm do solo caracterizado por apresentar menores teores de argila. Estes dados podem indicar impactos na quebra de dormência de sementes e no desenvolvimento de raízes de pequenas mudas dificultando o processo de regeneração. Assim, as informações apresentadas podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de recuperação deste tipo de vegetação.Several works highlight the importance of the Brazilian Savannas (Cerrado) as a global biodiversity hotspot. It is among the 27 critical biodiversity areas of the planet and is in continuous threat, mainly due to the indiscriminate use and occupation of its lands, mainly by the agricultural sector. In view of this, important public policies are created with the purpose of promoting the conservation, recovery and sustainable management of this biome. However, these objectives run counter to the lack of technical studies, making it difficult to properly target funds and actions. Thus, in order to provide subsidies to these, the present work aimed to measure diurnal oscillations of soil temperature and its relationships with vegetation regeneration. The study is exploratory, based on a bibliographical and experimental survey, from soil samples collection, laboratory analyzes and field temperature measurements. The activities were developed in two points inside the Ecological Station of Jataí - SP / Brazil. The results allowed to verify greater diurnal temperature variations in the first 20cm of the soil characterized by lower clay content. These data can indicate impacts on the seed dormancy and the development of roots of small seedlings, hindering the regeneration process. Thus, the information presented can contribute to the development of public policies to recover this type of vegetation

Levels of nutrients and aflatoxins in dry and extruded food to cats / Níveis de nutrientes e aflatoxinas em alimentos secos e extrudados para gatos

The present study aimed to compare the composition on the label of dry complete food for adult cats with the nutritional composition determined by chemical analysis, to determine the occurrence of aflatoxins, and to list the most used ingredients. The determined parameters were: crude protein (CP), ether extract in acid hydrolysis (EEA), mineral matter (MM), moisture (MO), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), calculated metabolizable energy (ME) and aflatoxins. In assessing the levels guaranteed on the label, MO, CP, CF, MM and P remained within the range, but with a variation on the limits. The metabolizable energy varied from 3,712 to 4,136 kcal/kg. There was a divergence in the levels of two diets, with Ca above and EE below the values declared on the label in relation to composition obtained by chemical analysis, and both non-compliant in 20% foods tested. Regarding sodium, the diets showed levels 130 - 384% higher than stated on the label. Aflatoxin was found in 90% samples from zero to 4.37 ppb. The wide variation observed in the composition within the same super premium segment can cause losses due to the lack or excess of essential nutrients for the animal

Complication of acute Otitis media in pediatrics: a case report: Complicação de Otite média aguda em pediatria: um relato de caso

The acute otitis media (AOM) is a frequent bacterial infection in Pediatrics. Despite the advance of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of this infection, there is the possibility of a rare complication, Gradenigo Syndrome (GS). This is a serious complication that should be suspected in a patient with abducens nerve paralysis, pain in the trigeminal innervation area and AOM. The objective of this work was to describe a case report in pediatric regarding to Gradenigo’s Syndrome and reinforce the importance of early diagnosis in the treatment. In addition, a literature review of articles in journals indexed in the following databases was carried out: Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo. The case report presented is a 7-year-old girl, presenting a typical clinical of GS that evolved satisfactorily with the management based on broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, without the need for a subsequent surgical approach. Thus, it is clear that the identification of the classic triad of GS, in addition to performing imaging tests, allows for an early diagnosis of the disease, favoring a conservative approach with antibiotic therapy