Cronología e historia en el Canzoniere de Petrarca.

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Primeras poéticas posmodernas en la poesía italiana y en la española.

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Effects of Bothrops asper Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation

Envenomations by snakes of the family Viperidae (pit vipers) induce severe pathological alterations at the site of venom injection, such as edema, necrosis, hemorrhage, and blistering, which may lead to permanent tissue damage and disability. Edema is a prominent and common manifestation in these envenomations. The effect of viperid snake venoms in lymphatic vessels has not been previously investigated. This study analyzed the effect of the venom of Bothrops asper, the most important venomous snake in Central America, on the collecting lymphatic vessels of the mouse mesentery. The venom induced a rapid reduction in the lumen of these lymphatics, associated with a halting in the flow of lymph. These effects were reproduced by a myotoxic phospholipase A2 homologue isolated from this venom, but not by a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase nor by a coagulant serine proteinase. B. asper venom, and the purified myotoxin, were cytotoxic for smooth muscle cells in culture, thus suggesting that the alterations observed in lymphatics are due to the effect on smooth muscle cells of the lymphatic vessel wall. These results demonstrate a direct effect of B. asper venom on lymphatics, which is likely to contribute to the prominent edema characteristic of these envenomations

Brooks, david. the social animal

New York: Random House, 2012. 382 pp

Inner navigation: why we get lost in the world and how we find our way

Erik Jonsson Inner navigation: why we get lost in the world and how we find our way Scribner, 2002 (primera edición); 2010 (reedición). ISBN 978-074322206

Representation and reasoning for integrated conceptual design of building structures

During conceptual design the most salient characteristics of a design artefact are defined. A team of specialists is usually required to carry out this process. For buildings, the architect is the lead designer and his/her work is supported by engineers and other specialists. The distribution of work among specialists with different backgrounds and priorities and the lack of a shared understanding of each participant's view usually result in inefficiencies, redundancies, omissions and errors in the design. This translates in cost overruns, poor quality and lack of competitiveness of the building industry. Computer programs for performing structural analysis and detail design calculations have been in the market and used by practitioners for many years. However, there is still a lack of computer support to assist properly engineers in the conceptual design of building structures. One explanation for this lack of support lies in the fact that during conceptual design the engineer's work flow is highly dependent on the amount, quality and type of information that is exchanged with the architect. To address this problem, the interactions between architects and structural engineers during early design are studied and formalized in a model of conceptual design of building structures. In this model, two stages of structural support are identified which are differentiated by the type and refinement of the architectural design representations. The first stage corresponds to the earliest phases of the architectural design process in which the architectural representations are tentative, ambiguous and imprecise, whereas in the second stage an unambiguous but still imprecise three-dimensional computer model of the building architecture is made available to the engineer. This research project concentrates on the second stage of computer support. A methodology for architecture/structure integration is devised for this stage. For the implementation of this methodology a computer representation integrating the building architecture and the structural system is developed. Synthesis algorithms are also proposed that rely mostly on geometry and topology of the architecture and the structure to help identify structural opportunities, detect potential structural problems and respect constraints coming from the building architecture. A proof-of-concept software prototype is developed and implemented, and two test cases demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach for supporting conceptual structural design. It is expected that the results from this research project will lead to more integrated and efficient conceptual structural design practice for improved building performance

Generation and implementation of reporter BHK-21 cells for live imaging of flavivirus infection

The genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae includes many viral species of medical importance, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV), among others. Presently, the identification of flavivirus-infected cells is based on either the immunolabeling of viral proteins, the application of recombinant reporter replicons and viral genomes, or the use of cellbased molecular reporters of the flaviviral protease NS2B-NS3 activity. Among the latter, our flavivirusactivatable GFP and mNeptune reporters contain a quenching peptide (QP) joined to the fluorescent protein by a linker consisting of a cleavage site for the flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases (AAQRRGRIG). When the viral protease cleaves the linker, the quenching peptide is removed, and the fluorescent protein adopts a conformation promoting fluorescence. Here we provide a detailed protocol for the generation, selection and implementation of stable BHK-21 cells expressing our flavivirus geneticallyencoded molecular reporters, suitable to monitor the viral infection by live-cell imaging. We also describe the image analysis procedures and provide the required software pipelines. Our reporter cells allow the implementation of single-cell infection kinetics as well as plaque assays for both reference and native strains of flaviviruses by live-cell imaging.Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica, proyecto 803-B9-505 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Grant CRP/CRI18-02.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Microbiologí

Defender el comunal frente a un nuevo proceso desamortizador

El artículo de J. Lamo de Espinosa "La lucha contra el déficit: ¿una nueva desamortización?" publicado en ABC el pasado 27-5-2010 propone la venta de la parte enajenable de las tierras comunales aún existentes, aunque por lo general bastante desnaturalizadas ya, hasta 3,5 millones de hectáreas, por las cuales el Estado de España ingresaría unos 21.000 millones de euros, destinados a enjugar su déficit, exige una respuesta. ¿Es un nuevo proceso privatizador el modelo de gestión de la tierra a defender? En este artículo se analiza y reivindica, con una visión histórica, otra fórmula de entender la relación con la tierra

Complete sequence of the genome of the human isolate of Andes virus CHI-7913: comparative sequence and protein structure analysis

Indexación: ScieloWe report here the complete genomic sequence of the Chilean human isolate of Andes virus CHI-7913. The S, M, and L genome segment sequences of this isolate are 1,802, 3,641 and 6,466 bases in length, with an overall GC content of 38.7%. These genome segments code for a nucleocapsid protein of 428 amino acids, a glycoprotein precursor protein of 1,138 amino acids and a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of 2,152 amino acids. In addition, the genome also has other ORFs coding for putative proteins of 34 to 103 amino acids. The encoded proteins have greater than 98% overall similarity with the proteins of Andes virus isolates AH-1 and Chile R123. Among other sequenced Hantavirus, CHI-7913 is more closely related to Sin Nombre virus, with an overall protein similarity of 92%. The characteristics of the encoded proteins of this isolate, such as hydrophobic domains, glycosylation sites, and conserved amino acid motifs shared with other Hantavirus and other members of the Bunyaviridae family, are identified and discussed