Madura foot

No Abstract. South African Medical Journal Vol. 97 (9) 2007: pp. 834-83

Direct, residual and cumulative effects of organic manures and biofertilizers on yields, NPK uptake, grain quality and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic farming of rice-wheat cropping system

Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during rabi (winter) season of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 on a sandy clay loam soil (typical Ustochrept, 51.46% sand, 23.02% silt and 25.52% clay)of low in organic C (0.57%), medium in available phosphorus (19.87 kg/ha), high in available potassium (247.12 kg/ha) and low in available nitrogen (163.2 kg/ha) and of pH 8. Results revealed that the cumulative effects of farmyard manure (FYM) and green manure (GM) were more effective than their direct and residual effects and GM was significantly superior to FYM for increasing the productivity, nutrient uptake, grain quality and gross and net income of wheat in the rice-wheat cropping system. Further,inoculation of biofertilizers (B) with GM was better than GM alone in its cumulative effect. The combination of GM + FYM was still better than GM or FYM alone in its direct and cumulative effects for increasing productivity and gross return, but net return was significantly reduced due to the higher cost of GM + FYM compared to FYM or GM alone. However, the residual effect of GM + FYM was similar to the cumulative effects of GM or FYM alone. The highest increase in productivity, grain quality and nutrient uptake was recorded with the application of GM + FYM + B. However, net return was significantly reduced due to the higher cost incurred in the combination of GM + FYM + B. It was concluded that the cumulative effect of GM + FYM + B for higher productivity and the cumulative effect of GM + B for higher net return were suitable for wheat in organic farming of the rice-wheat cropping system

Direct, residual and cumulative effects of organic manures and biofertilizers on yields, NPK uptake, grain quality and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic farming of rice-wheat cropping system

Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during rabi (winter) season of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 on a sandy clay loam soil (typical Ustochrept, 51.46% sand, 23.02% silt and 25.52% clay) of low in organic C (0.57%), medium in available phosphorus (19.87 kg/ha), high in available potassium (247.12 kg/ha) and low in available nitrogen (163.2 kg/ha) and of pH 8. Results revealed that the cumulative effects of farmyard manure (FYM) and green manure (GM) were more effective than their direct and residual effects and GM was significantly superior to FYM for increasing the productivity, nutrient uptake, grain quality and gross and net income of wheat in the rice-wheat cropping system. Further, inoculation of biofertilizers (B) with GM was better than GM alone in its cumulative effect. The combination of GM + FYM was still better than GM or FYM alone in its direct and cumulative effects for increasing productivity and gross return, but net return was significantly reduced due to the higher cost of GM + FYM compared to FYM or GM alone. However, the residual effect of GM + FYM was similar to the cumulative effects of GM or FYM alone. The highest increase in productivity, grain quality and nutrient uptake was recorded with the application of GM + FYM + B. However, net return was significantly reduced due to the higher cost incurred in the combination of GM + FYM + B. It was concluded that the cumulative effect of GM + FYM + B for higher productivity and the cumulative effect of GM + B for higher net return were suitable for wheat in organic farming of the rice-wheat cropping system

An Efficient Method for The Synthesis of Dihydropyridine by Hantzsch Reaction with Fe/SiO2 Nano Heterogeneous Catalysts

An efficient method for the synthesis of dihydropyridines (DHPs) by Hantzsch reaction with Fe/SiO2 heterogeneous catalysts was developed. The Fe/SiO2 catalysts was prepared by impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by IR and SEM instruments. The SEM results indicated that Fe/SiO2 nano spheres were formed. The reaction procedure involved reaction of aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate (EAA), ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and ethanol under reflux. The study was focused on optimizing reactions conditions: Standardization of catalyst, substrate of study and solvent study. In order to identify the best active catalysts, five different ratios of catalyst were synthesized and evaluated for the title reaction under similar conditions. To standardize the active catalysts, different temperature conditions (i.e. room temperature, 60 ºC and 80 ºC) as well as catalysts amounts were evaluated. Under these established conditions, 2.5% Fe/SiO2 was the best active catalysts that resulted. Benzaldehyde and p-anisaldehyde were used to study the effect of having various substrates on the conversion and reaction time, especially the substituted aldehydes. The best results were obtained by reacting p-anisaldehyde with EAA, NH4OAc and ethanol at 60 ºC with 0.3 grams of 2.5% Fe/SiO2 heterogeneous catalysts. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) monitoring of the reaction mixture showed no selectivity at high temperatures (80 ºC) with 15% Fe/SiO2. Standardization of solvent study was executed with two solvents, ethanol and acetonitrile. The product dihydropyridines were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The melting points of the products were compared with authentic samples reported in the literature. Hence, the Fe/SiO2 catalysts is eco-friendly and economically developed for the title reaction. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Yield and morphological responses of wild blueberry (vaccinium spp.) to forest harvesting and conifer release treatments

This thesis synthesizes three papers on the effects of forestry practices on the growth and fruit production of lowbush (V. angustifolium) and velvet leaf (V. myrtilloides) blueberry in i) young jackpine, ii) boreal mixedwood and iii) lowland black spruce plantations in northwestern Ontario. The main objectives of the three papers were to investigate: i) the impacts of forest herbicide and alternative conifer release treatments on the growth and fruit production of Vaccinium spp.; ii) the phenology of Vaccinium spp. in order to determine an optimal spray time that might reduce susceptibility of blueberry to herbicide injury and iii) the morphological plasticity of velvet leaf blueberry bushes growing in clearcut, partial cut and uncut second-growth boreal mixedwood forests. i) It was shown that application of Vision® herbicide significantly affects the abundance, growth and reproductive performance of Vaccinium spp. in treated clearcuts. Compared with untreated areas, fruit productivity of Vaccinium spp. in Vision® treated plantations was reduced by as much as 58 % three years after disturbance. Reductions in berry production were attributed to toxic effects of the herbicide to stems and below-ground reproductive tissue. Conversely, percent cover and the number, dry weight and fresh weight of berries increased significantly after brushsaw cutting. ii) Patterns of leaf development in V. angustifolium and V. myrtilloides indicated that selective control of competing vegetation in plantations with reduced damage to Vaccinium spp. may be possible with herbicide application before active growth of new blueberry shoots (i.e. early May) or during leaf senescence and abscission (i.e. September to October). Foliage of blueberry turned colour in late August with about 30 % abscission by the last week of September. With most of the foliage lost by early autumn, application of foliar herbicides at this time may have limited effects upon blueberry growth and fruit production, since without leaves, little herbicide can be absorbed or translocated to below-ground vegetative organs. iii) V. myrtilloides was able to persist in both open and closed habitats in boreal mixedwood forests managed for commercial timber exploitation. Persistence under heavy shade conditions was attributed to plasticity in morphological and biomass allocation. Specific leaf area, individual leaf weight, number of berries, number of reproductive shoots and the proportion of total biomass in stems and foliage changed along a gradient in understory light ( % PPFD) from 0 % to 67 % PPFD in forests harvested by clearcutting and shelterwood logging. Reproductive performance of V. myrtilloides was best under the partial shade conditions associated with shelterwood cutting. The results of this thesis indicate that clearcut logging and silvicultural strategies of weed suppression such as herbicide application can adversely affect both the berry production and vegetative growth of Vaccinium spp. in northwestern Ontario. Conversely, partial cutting and conifer release with brushsaw cutting offer a silvicultural alternative that is less destructive to blueberry

A Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Two Different 10% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Products: A 6-Month Followup

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products just after treatment and after a 6-month follow-up period. Methods. Two 10% carbamide peroxide products (Opalescence PF and Nite White ACP) were applied nightly for 14 days, according to the manufacturers' instructions. The color of teeth 11 and 21 of thirty-four subjects having A2 or darker teeth were measured with a spectrophotometer (L∗; a∗; b∗) before treatment, just after treatment (14 days) and after 6 months. Results and Conclusions. Both products produced significant whitening of teeth with total color change (ΔEab∗) of approximately 5.20 units. There was a significant improvement in all 3 color coordinates (L*, a*, and b∗) for up to 6 months postbleaching (P < .05). Nite White showed a higher degree of relapse (27%) than Opalescence (18%) over the 6-month period. It is suggested that rebleaching after 6 months is not necessary

Quality assurance, benchmarking, assessment and mutual international recognition of qualifications

publishersversionPeer reviewe

A formative study exploring perceptions of physical activity and physical activity monitoring among children and young people with cystic fibrosis and health care professionals

Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced hospitalisations and maintenance of lung function in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). PA is therefore recommended as part of standard care. Despite this, there is no consensus for monitoring of PA and little is known about perceptions of PA monitoring among children and young people with CF. Therefore, the research aimed to explore patients’ perceptions of PA and the acceptability of using PA monitoring devices with children and young people with CF. Methods: An action research approach was utilised, whereby findings from earlier research phases informed subsequent phases. Four phases were utilised, including patient interviews, PA monitoring, follow-up patient interviews and health care professional (HCP) interviews. Subsequently, an expert panel discussed the study to develop recommendations for practice and future research. Results: Findings suggest that experiences of PA in children and young people with CF are largely comparable to their non-CF peers, with individuals engaging in a variety of activities. CF was not perceived as a barrier per se, although participants acknowledged that they could be limited by their symptoms. Maintenance of health emerged as a key facilitator, in some cases PA offered patients the opportunity to ‘normalise’ their condition. Participants reported enjoying wearing the monitoring devices and had good compliance. Wrist-worn devices and devices providing feedback were preferred. HCPs recognised the potential benefits of the devices in clinical practice. Recommendations based on these findings are that interventions to promote PA in children and young people with CF should be individualised and involve families to promote PA as part of an active lifestyle. Patients should receive support alongside the PA data obtained from monitoring devices. Conclusions: PA monitoring devices appear to be an acceptable method for objective assessment of PA among children and young people with CF and their clinicians. Wrist-worn devices, which are unobtrusive and can display feedback, were perceived as most acceptable. By understanding the factors impacting PA, CF health professionals will be better placed to support patients and improve health outcomes

Effective peer-to-peer support for young people with end-stage renal disease: a mixed methods evaluation of Camp COOL

__Abstract__ __Background__ The Camp COOL programme aims to help young Dutch people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) develop self-management skills. Fellow patients already treated in adult care (hereafter referred to as ‘buddies’) organise the day-to-day program, run the camp, counsel the attendees, and also participate in the activities. The attendees are young people who still have to transfer to adult care. This study aimed to explore the effects of this specific form of peer-to-peer support on the self-management of young people (16–25 years) with ESRD who participated in Camp COOL (CC) (hereafter referred to as ‘participants’). __Methods__ A mixed methods research design was employed. Semi-structured interviews (n = 19) with initiators/staff, participants, and healthcare professionals were conducted. These were combined with retrospective and pre-post surveys among participants (n = 62), and observations during two camp weeks. __Results__ Self-reported effects of participants were: increased self-confidence, more disease-related knowledge, feeling capable of being more responsible and open towards others, and daring to stand up for yourself. According to participants, being a buddy or having one positively affected them. Self-efficacy of attendees and independence of buddies increased, while attendees’ sense of social inclusion decreased (measured as domains of health-related quality of life). The buddy role was a pro-active combination of being supervisor, advisor, and leader. __Conclusions__ Camp COOL allowed young people to support each other in adjusting to everyday life with ESRD. Participating in the camp positively influenced self-management in this group. Peerto- peer support through buddies was much appreciated. Support from young adults was not only beneficial for adolescent attendees, but also for young adult buddies. Paediatric nephrologists are encouraged to refer patients to CC and to facilitate such initiatives. Together with nephrologists in adult care, they could take on a role in selecting buddies