3D mapping of the SPRY2 domain of ryanodine receptor 1 by single-particle Cryo-EM

The type 1 skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is principally responsible for Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and for the subsequent muscle contraction. The RyR1 contains three SPRY domains. SPRY domains are generally known to mediate protein-protein interactions, however the location of the three SPRY domains in the 3D structure of the RyR1 is not known. Combining immunolabeling and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy we have mapped the SPRY2 domain (S1085-V1208) in the 3D structure of RyR1 using three different antibodies against the SPRY2 domain. Two obstacles for the image processing procedure; limited amount of data and signal dilution introduced by the multiple orientations of the antibody bound in the tetrameric RyR1, were overcome by modifying the 3D reconstruction scheme. This approach enabled us to ascertain that the three antibodies bind to the same region, to obtain a 3D reconstruction of RyR1 with the antibody bound, and to map SPRY2 to the periphery of the cytoplasmic domain of RyR1. We report here the first 3D localization of a SPRY2 domain in any known RyR isoform.The authors want to thank the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Biomedical Research Institute (to MS), the Australian National Health and the Medical Research Council (471418 to AD, MC and PB), and the European Commission (Marie Curie Action PIOF-GA-2009-237120 to AP-M)

Agressivité du Simulium du complexe ornatum (Diptera, Simuliidae) en Catalogne (Espagne). Premiere mention

A l'heure actuelle, en Espagne, même si des Simulies sont incriminées chez l'homme, dans des lésions dues à des insectes hématophages, le lien direct entre ces piqûres et une espèce donnee de Simulie n'avait pas encore été éetabli pour ce pays. Une invasion récente (1993) de ces insectes dans la région de l'Alt Penedès, au nord-est de la province de Tarragone, permet aujourd'hui de combler cette lacune

The response of taxonomic and functional diversity of the seed bank to agricultural intensification and soil properties in two Mediterranean cereal areas

Weed seed bank diversity has been severely impacted by agriculture intensifi cation. However, the functional consequences have been poorly studied in highly intensifi ed agro-ecosystems.Postprint (published version

Elaboración automática de datos fitosociológicos

26 páginas, 4 cuadros.Peer reviewe

L'estatus de les llengües a la República Catalana: una breu anàlisi del desenvolupament del debat

[cat] Aquest article analitza el debat que s'ha produït a Catalunya en els darrers anys sobre l'estatus de les llengües en una eventual República Catalana independent. L'article comença analitzant com es planteja i com es rep el debat, en descriu els actors principals, n'estudia succintament l'evolució i finalment n'examina breument un dels temes centrals, la conveniència o no d'atorgar el grau de llengua oficial a la llengua castellana en la constitució del nou Estat.[eng] This article analyzes the debate that has occurred in Catalonia in recent years on the status of languages in a possible future independent Catalan Republic. The article begins with an analysis of how the debate has arisen and how it has been received, describes the main actors involved, succinctly narrates its evolution and ends with a brief examination of one of its core issues, namely the convenience that Castilian be enshrined as an official language in the new State's constitution

Processing factors that affect the balance of alcohols and alkyl esters during ‘Arbequina’ olive oil production: Separation and clarification steps

The aim of this study was to assess how different conditions used on the centrifugation step during olive oil extraction affect its quality by considering the balance of fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAEs) and their precursor alcohols. All the experiments were carried out under real working conditions in a two-phase decanter followed by a vertical centrifuge (VC) and different water injection doses and paste injection rates were tested. The fruits used were from ‘Arbequina’ variety at two different maturity stages and the balances of alcohols and FAAEs were measured at the outlets of both, decanter and VC, with respect to the system inlet. Results show that the paste injection rate affects the content of alcohols and FAAEs in the final oil, which tend to increase when working closer to the maximum capacity of the decanter. Different behaviors have been detected when dealing with unripe or ripe fruits. Similarly, the water addition doses have different effects on the FAAEs and alcohols formation depending on the maturity status. Therefore, both the decanter and the step decanter to vertical centrifuge are key points that, when properly controlled, allow minimizing FAAEs formation, which is essential for obtaining quality oils.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio