Desarrollo de un medio de cultivo selectivo que no requiere incubación microaerofílica para el aislamiento e identificación de Campylobacter jejuni/coli en muestras de alimentos

Las bacterias del Género Campylobacter principalmente C. jejuni y en menor proporción C. coli, han sido implicadas como la principal causa de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en muchos países. La alta incidencia de casos reportados, quizá se de en parte, a que los reservorios de estas bacterias (para C. jejuni son las aves, para C. coli son los cerdos) son productos que presentan un alto consumo entre la población. A pesar de la alta indicencia, aún en muchos laboratorios no se realiza la búsqueda de estas bacterias, debido tal vez a que los procedimientos de aislamiento, identificación y enumeración son difíciles, laboriosos, requieren mucho tiempo y experiencia, además de ser caros, ya que se requieren medios complejos y atmósferas especiales. Debido a lo anterior, uno de los objetivos de este trabajo fue desarrollar un medio de aislamiento que no requiera de una incubación en atmósferas especiales, además de permitir su posible acoplamiento a técnicas de identificación por métodos moleculares. Se desarrollaron cuatro grupos de formulaciones de medios de aislamiento, de los cuales, los que incluían metabisulfito y tioglicolato de sodio fueron los que mejores resultados presentaron. Dentro de este grupo, se evaluaron 20 formulaciones distintas, en donde la que incluía 1.5 g/L de metabisulfito de sodio y 0.75% de tioglicolato de sodio (F20) fue la que mejor resultados mostro, recuperando bajos números de campylobaterias en ensayos de contaminación artificial empleando muestras con un nivel intermedio a alto de contaminación. En cuanto a su desempeño acoplado en técnicas de biología molecular, la técnica elegida fue la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), sin embargo se estudió poco su desempeño, pero tentativamente puede funcionar ya que al menos la F8 no mostró problemas de interferencia. Abstract Members of the genus Campylobacter, C. jejuni (mainly) and C. coli, are among the principal cause of food-borne infections worldwide. The high incidence of reported cases, probably is due to reservoirs of these bacterias (poultry for C. jejuni, swine for C. coli) are foods with high consume in the poblation. However much the incidence, many laboratories do not isolate these bacterias currently, perhaps to the isolate, identification and enumeration procedures are difficult, fastidious, expensive and time comsuming, in addition employs complexes media and special atmospheres. According to this, the mainly objetive of this work was develop an isolate media that works with no special atmospheres, also it should the adaption to molecular identification, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Four groups of formulations were developed, the best results were obtained when sodium metabisulfite and thioglycolate acid were included. In this group twenty formulations were evaluated and the best contains 1.5 g/L of sodium metabisulfite and 0.75% of sodium thioglycolate (F20). The F20 could isolate lower numbers of campylobacters in artificial assays of contamination with samples with medium to high level of contamination. Little it could be concluded about the performance of the F20 with PCR, but considering results with F8 where PCR can work without problems, maybe the same results will obtained for F20

La Implementación de prácticas sostenible en el Hostal Familiar “Hacienda Colonial”, del Municipio de Granada, Departamento de Granada, período Diciembre 2015–Junio 2016

El presente trabajo, está relacionado con la implementación de un Turismo Sostenible en empresas de alojamiento turístico, teniendo como objeto de estudio el Hostal familiar “Hacienda Colonial”, ubicado en la entrada del municipio de Granada, cabecera del departamento de Granada. |Se toma como referencia de estudio el tema de buenas prácticas sostenibles en el Hostal familiar “Hacienda Colonial”, dado el interés mostrado por sus socios en formar parte de una oferta turística caracterizada por una gestión integral, responsable, basada en la implementación de los tres ejes del desarrollo sostenible, como son: el eje económico, socio-cultural y ambiental; para alcanzar una diferenciación con los demás hoteles que esta bella ciudad colonial posee. Para sustentar esta tesis monográfica, se han estructurado IV capítulos que se explican a continuación: El primer capítulo, inicia con una breve caracterización del municipio de Granada, en el cual se describen las generalidades de la ciudad, sus servicios básicos, la infraestructura, los rubros económicos, entre otros. Asimismo, se describen las características físicas y organizacionales del hostal Familiar “Hacienda Colonial”, y se hace referencia a la oferta de productos y servicios que se ofertan a los usuarios. En el segundo capítulo se verifica la implementación de buenas prácticas sostenibles en turismo teniendo como referencia la Guía Estándar para hoteles y servicios de alojamiento de Rainforest Alliance Certified (2015) que facilita el conocimiento de los criterios de sostenibilidad, los cuales se utilizaron como herramienta para verificar la eficiencia y calidad de los servicios ofertados dentro del establecimiento turístico en estudio y poder conocer el grado de cumplimiento actual, en la implementación de prácticas sostenible. Seguidamente, se realizó un análisis de los criterios establecidos en la Guía Estándar de hoteles y servicios de alojamiento

Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles in Dental Restorative Materials. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Objectives: Nanotechnology has become a significant area of research focused mainly on increasing the antibacterial and mechanical properties of dental materials. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively analyze the current evidence for the addition of different nanoparticles into dental restorative materials, to determine whether their incorporation increases the antibacterial/antimicrobial properties of the materials. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in the Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases, up to December 2018, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: A total of 624 papers were identified in the initial search. After screening the texts and applying inclusion criteria, only 11 of these were selected for quantitative analysis. The incorporation of nanoparticles led to a significant increase (p-value < 0.01) in the antibacterial capacity of all the dental materials synthesized in comparison with control materials. Conclusions: The incorporation of nanoparticles into dental restorative materials was a favorable option; the antibacterial activity of nanoparticle-modified dental materials was significantly higher compared with the original unmodified materials, TiO2 nanoparticles providing the greatest benefits. However, the high heterogeneity among the articles reviewed points to the need for further research and the application of standardized research protocols

Kinetics of electrodeposition of PbO2 on glassy carbon electrodes: influence of the ultrasonic intensity

Resumen de la comunicación presentada en Electrochem 2001, Loughborough, September 17-19, 2001

Clinical and radiographic diagnosis of approximal and occlusal dental caries in a low risk population

Objective: Determine the agreement between visual detection, conventional radiology and digital radiology methods in the diagnosis of interproximal and occlusal caries in the posterior teeth of a group of patients with low caries prevalence. Materials and Methods: Visual, conventional radiographic and digital radiographic (Digora®, Soredex, Sweden) caries diagnosis was performed in a group of patients (n=30) of both sexes with ages ranging from 15 to 65 years (x = 34 years). Agreement was estimated by the linear weighted kappa index. Results: Kappa = 0.17 was obtained between the visual examination and the conventional radiographic examination and Kappa = 0.16 between the visual examination and the radiovisiography. Between conventional and digital radiography the Kappa indexes were 0.81 overall, 0.87 in the dentine and 0.66 in the enamel. Compared to visual examination, 3.23 times more caries lesions were diagnosed with digital radiology and 2.88 times more with conventional radiography. 94% of the new caries detected were interproximal. Conclusions: The use of radiographic techniques, whether conventional or digital, increases the number of caries diagnosed in comparison with conventional clinical examination. The two radiographic techniques show high agreement in lesion diagnosis

A comparative study of aesthetic perceptions of malocclusion among general practice dentists, orthodontists and the public using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the IOTN-AC

Perception of malocclusion varies among individuals and among patients and practitioners. Although several indices that tend to coincide in many aspects and unify criteria, no single index has been recognised as the most suitable for assessing orthodontic treatment need. Moreover, orthodontists are not always aware of the differences in perception of malocclusion between patients and practitioners. To examine the perception of dental anaesthetics amongst dentists, orthodontists and the general population, study the relationship between the perception of dental aesthetics and the severity of the malocclusion, using the visual analogue scale and the IOTN-AC, and investigate relationships among the resulting data. Frontal intraoral photographs of 24 cases were classified by the severity of their malocclusion according to the DAI index. The photographs were examined by 150 individuals (30 orthodontists, 30 general dental practitioners and 90 members of the general population), who assessed them on a visual analogue scale and according to the IOTN-AC. The orthodontists gave the lowest scores on the visual analogue scale, although the differences between the three groups were not significant. For DAI grades 1, 3 and 4, significant differences were found in the IOTN-AC assessments. Here too, the orthodontist group was the most critical. In general, in all three groups, both the visual analogue scale and IOTN-AC scores increased or decreased in line with the severity of the malocclusion according to the DAI. However, the correlation between these scores was low. The orthodontists scored the malocclusions more critically than the general dentists or the general population with the IOTN-AC, but this difference was not found with the visual analogue scale

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Uterine Cervix Treated with Ultraradical Surgery: A Case Report

Primary melanomas of the uterine cervix are rare tumors with no more than 60 cases reported in the world literature. Poor prognosis is considered for the neoplasia itself as well as for diagnostic tardiness. There is no standard treatment; however, radical surgery is the treatment cornerstone. Our aim was to present the case of a 34-year-old woman with a primary malignant melanoma in the uterine cervix with affectation of the posterior face of the vagina without metastasis. Total infraelevator pelvic exenteration and adjuvant radiotherapy was performed. The patient was under surveillance for 8 years of followup without evidence of local or distant disease. The majority of case reports found suggests radical hysterectomy as the treatment indicated for these patients. Notwithstanding this, survival is very short when patients are treated in this manner. Based on our results and on those reported in the literature, we propose initial treatment with total pelvic exenteration as optimal management for this neoplasia in its initial form

Expression and impact of Adenosine A3 receptors on calcium homeostasis in human right atrium

Increased adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) expression and activation underlies a higher incidence of spontaneous calcium release in atrial fibrillation (AF). Adenosine A3 receptors (A3R) could counteract excessive A2AR activation, but their functional role in the atrium remains elusive, and we therefore aimed to address the impact of A3Rs on intracellular calcium homeostasis. For this purpose, we analyzed right atrial samples or myocytes from 53 patients without AF, using quantitative PCR, patch-clamp technique, immunofluorescent labeling or confocal calcium imaging. A3R mRNA accounted for 9% and A2AR mRNA for 32%. At baseline, A3R inhibition increased the transient inward current (ITI) frequency from 0.28 to 0.81 events/min (p < 0.05). Simultaneous stimulation of A2ARs and A3Rs increased the calcium spark frequency seven-fold (p < 0.001) and the ITI frequency from 0.14 to 0.64 events/min (p < 0.05). Subsequent A3R inhibition caused a strong additional increase in the ITI frequency (to 2.04 events/min; p < 0.01) and increased phosphorylation at s2808 1.7-fold (p < 0.001). These pharmacological treatments had no significant effects on L-type calcium current density or sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium load. In conclusion, A3Rs are expressed and blunt spontaneous calcium release at baseline and upon A2AR-stimulation in human atrial myocytes, pointing to A3R activation as a means to attenuate physiological and pathological elevations of spontaneous calcium release events

Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Current Insights Progress and Perspectives

The enormous development of nanomaterials technology and the immediate response of many areas of science, research, and practice to their possible application has led to the publication of thousands of scientific papers, books, and reports. This vast amount of information requires careful classification and order, especially for specifically targeted practical needs. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize to some extent the role of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical research. Summarizing the fundamental properties of the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, the review’s next focus was to classify research studies related to applying these particles for cancer diagnostics and therapy (similar to photothermal therapy, hyperthermia), in nano theranostics, multimodal therapy. Special attention is paid to research studies dealing with the opportunities of combining different nanomaterials to achieve optimal systems for biomedical application. In this regard, original data about the synthesis and characterization of nanolipidic magnetic hybrid systems are included as an example. The last section of the review is dedicated to the capacities of magnetite-based magnetic nanoparticles for the management of oncological diseases.Fil: Montiel Schneider, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Martín, María Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Otarola, Jessica Johana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Vakarelska, Ekaterina. University of Sofia; BulgariaFil: Simeonov, Vasil. University of Sofia; BulgariaFil: Lassalle, Verónica Leticia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Nedyalkova, Miroslava. University of Sofia; Bulgari

Nanotecnología en Ciencias Veterinarias: Desarrollo de nanosistemas magnéticos basados en óxido de hierro funcionalizados con sílica y gelatina como agentes teranósticos /Nanotechnology in Veterinary Sciences: Magnetic nanosystems development based in fu

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based on magnetite (Fe3O4)coated with silica find various applications in the field of biomedicalnanotechnology, due to their stability in aqueous medium.However, the inertia of the silica in terms of its reactivity limitsthe incorporation of specific functionalizers such as drugs andother ligands of interest. The challenge of this work focuses onobtaining biocompatible MNPs coated with silica and gelatin astheranostic agents in various biomedical fields, including veterinarymedicine. Photodynamic therapy represents an alternativeand a complement to chemo and radiotherapy, conventional tools for the treatment of different pathologies such as oncology.It consists of the use of photosensitive molecules that, when activatedwith light of a certain wavelength, transfer their excessof energy to neighboring oxygen molecules. This phenomenongenerates reactive oxygen species toxic to cells. Thus, the incorporationof a photosensitive agent to the magnetic silica nanoparticlesfunctionalized with gelatin would facilitate their specifictransport to the affected cells from the effect of an externalmagnetic field. This would result in a functional theranostic bothfor the diagnosis (by MRI) and for the treatment (phototherapy).In this work, various experimental conditions were exploredfrom MNPs of magnetite coated with citric acid and silicafor the deposition of gelatin from the co-precipitation method.An optimum formulation was obtained that was characterizedintegrally from the physicochemical point of view. As a photosensitivemolecule, methylene blue was selected and two routeswere explored for its incorporation into MNPs: 1-simple adsorptionfor 24 hours and 2-encapsulation. The evaluation of bothprocedures revealed the successful incorporation of the photosensitiveagent, obtaining magnetic nanosystems with potentialtheranostic properties applicable in the veterinary field.Las nanopartículas magnéticas (NPMs) a base de magnetita(Fe3O4) recubiertas con sílica encuentran diversas aplicacionesen el campo de la nanotecnología biomédica, debido a su estabilidaden medio acuoso. Sin embargo, la inercia de la sílica encuanto a su reactividad limita la incorporación de funcionalizantesespecíficos como fármacos y otros ligandos de interés. El desafíode este trabajo se centra en obtener NPMs biocompatiblesrecubiertas con sílica y gelatina para ser aplicadas como agentesteranósticos en diversos campos biomédicos, incluso en medicinaveterinaria. La terapia fotodinámica representa una alternativay un complemento a la quimio y radioterapia, herramientasconvencionales para el tratamiento de diferentes patologíascomo las oncológicas. Consiste en la utilización de moléculasfotosensibles que, al ser activadas con luz de una determinadalongitud de onda, transfieren su exceso de energía a moléculas de oxígeno vecinas. Este fenómeno genera especies reactivas deoxígeno tóxicas para las células. De este modo, la incorporaciónde un agente fotosensible a las NPMs de sílica funcionalizadascon gelatina facilitaría su transporte específico hacia las célulasafectadas a partir del efecto de un campo magnético externo.Esto resultaría en un teranóstico funcional tanto para el diagnóstico(mediante RMI) como para el tratamiento (fototerapia).En este trabajo se exploraron diversas condiciones experimentalesa partir de NPMs de magnetita recubierta con ácido cítricoy sílica para la deposición de gelatina a partir del método deco-precipitación. Se obtuvo una formulación óptima que fue caracterizadaintegralmente desde el punto de vista fisicoquímico.Como molécula fotosensible se seleccionó al azul de metileno(AM) y se exploraron dos vías para su incorporación a las NPMs:1-adsorción simple durante 24 horas y 2-encapsulamiento. Laevaluación de ambos procedimientos reveló la incorporaciónexitosa del agente fotosensible, obteniéndose nanosistemasmagnéticos con potenciales propiedades teranósticas aplicablesen el campo veterinario