91 research outputs found
Pescanova frente a la SoberanĂa Alimentaria
Contiene las notas "Rodaballos y Pescanova", de Manoel Santos (Revista Altermundo) y "España, sobrepesca y las grandes empresas", de Ocean Sentry.La pesca es una de las actividades humanas mĂĄs antiguas y que mĂĄs tiempo ha tardado en evolucionar. SĂłlo desde hace medio siglo se han empezado a introducir innovaciones tecnolĂłgicas con respecto a la actividad conocida desde hace milenios. Sin embargo, este Ășltimo medio siglo estĂĄ suponiendo una etapa convulsa que mantiene a la pesca enredada en grandes debates que enfrentan el sector. La pesca industrial, liderada por grupos como PESCANOVA, es un buen ejemplo de cĂłmo los patrones de modernizaciĂłn en un entorno de mercados desregulados (en ocasiones de mercado ilegal) no se corresponden con las necesidades reales del planeta
Environmental sustainability analysis of the clam (Ruditapes decussatus, Linaeus 1758) fishery in Zaboussa production area (southeastern Tunisia) using the MSC fisheries standard
The Tunisian grooved carpet clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linaeus 1758) fishery is of interest to the authorities due to its social importance and its economic contribution given the export nature of its product. Efforts have been made to ensure proper management and development of this fishery. A sustainable exploitation of the natural resource is of crucial relevance to guarantee the socio-economic role of the fishery. Therefore, sustainability should be integrated within those management measures and development actions. To analyse the sustainability level of the fishery concerning the main obstacles and actions needed to achieve it, the most recognized tool worldwide is the MSC certification program throughout its fisheries standard. The present study assesses the Zaboussa production area clam fishery using the 31 performance indicators of the 3 principles of the MSC standard for sustainable fisheries. The results of the assessment show that this fishery could be potentially considered sustainable and, therefore, certifiable though implementing an action plan to satisfy four conditions to improve research, surveillance and monitoring measures.La pĂȘcherie tunisienne de la palourde croisĂ©e dâEurope Tunisienne Ruditapes decussatus (Linaeus 1758) prĂ©sente un intĂ©rĂȘt certain en raison de son poids social et Ă©conomique et sa contribution dans la dynamique des exportations des produits de la pĂȘche. Des efforts ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©ployĂ©s pour assurer la gestion et la promotion de cette filiĂšre. Une exploitation durable de la ressource naturelle est donc dâune importance cruciale pour garantir le rĂŽle socio-Ă©conomique de la pĂȘche. Ainsi, la durabilitĂ© devrait impĂ©rativement ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©e au niveau des mesures de gestion et des actions de dĂ©veloppement. Pour analyser le niveau de durabilitĂ© dâune pĂȘcherie en mettant en exergue les principales contraintes et les actions nĂ©cessaires pour y remĂ©dier, lâoutil le plus reconnu au monde est le programme de certification MSC dont les standards sont souvent utilisĂ©s pour plusieurs pĂȘcheries. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©valuĂ© la pĂȘche Ă pied de la palourde dans la zone de production de Zaboussa en utilisant 31 indicateurs de performance des 3 principes de la norme MSC. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©valuation montrent que cette pĂȘcherie pourrait ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e potentiellement bien gĂ©rĂ©e et, par consĂ©quent, Ă©ligible Ă cette certification Ă condition dâĂ©tablir un plan dâaction pour remplir quatre conditions ayant pour principaux thĂšmes la recherche et investigations de lâespĂšce cible et le contrĂŽle et surveillance de lâactivitĂ© de pĂȘche
Calculations of Some Doping Nanostructurations and Patterns Improving the Functionality of High-Temperature Superconductors for Bolometer Device Applications
We calculate the effects of doping nanostructuration and the patterning of thin films of
high-temperature superconductors (HTS) with the aim of optimizing their functionality as sensing
materials for resistive transition-edge bolometer devices (TES). We focus, in particular, on spatial
variations of the carrier doping into the CuO2 layers due to oxygen off-stoichiometry, (that induce,
in turn, critical temperature variations) and explore following two major cases of such structurations:
First, the random nanoscale disorder intrinsically associated to doping levels that do not maximize
the superconducting critical temperature; our studies suggest that this first simple structuration
already improves some of the bolometric operational parameters with respect to the conventional,
nonstructured HTS materials used until now. Secondly, we consider the imposition of regular
arrangements of zones with different nominal doping levels (patterning); we find that such regular
patterns may improve the bolometer performance even further. We find one design that improves,
with respect to nonstructured HTS materials, both the saturation power and the operating temperature
width by more than one order of magnitude. It also almost doubles the response of the sensor
to radiationThis work was supported by projects FIS2016-79109-P (AEI/FEDER, UE) and
AYA2016-78773-C2-2-P(AEI/FEDER,UE), by the Xunta de Galicia under grants ED431D 2017/06 and ED431C
2018/11, the ConsellerĂa de EducaciĂłn Program for Development of a Strategic Grouping in Materials AeMAT
under Grant No. ED431 2018/08, Xunta de Galicia, and by the CA16218 nanocohybri COST Action. JCV thanks
the Spanish Ministry of Education for grant FPU14/00838S
Pathway to sustainability: the Marine Stewardship Council certification standard as an improvement framework for African fisheries
Fishery certification is increasingly employed as a multi-stakeholder, market-based mechanism to promote sustainability of fisheries. Preparing for, and achieving certification continues to deliver tangible improvements and benefits to fisheries, but the number of certified fisheries from Africa remains low. Some of the factors that constrain certification of fisheries in the region include limited data to assess and manage fisheries, the open access nature of many fisheries, overfishing, poor management, inadequate enforcement, and low demand for certified seafood. To overcome these constraints, several fisheries employ a âpathway to sustainabilityâ approach that involves using the MSC fisheries standard as a framework for gap analysis, action planning, progress tracking and improvement. Certification may not always be the goal. This allows fisheries to make ongoing improvements over prior performance, regardless of whether they immediately achieve certification or not. Progress towards the desired goal, sustainable management, can be tracked over time. Some of the reported benefits include clarity of objectives, consolidation and focus of stakeholder efforts, participatory engagement, ability to attract resources for improvements, benchmarking of performance and, ultimately, improved environmental performance through better fisheries management. This paper discusses the uptake of this approach in Africa, by presenting case study fisheries from the continent. It outlines mechanisms through which these fisheries embarked on a pathway to sustainability using the MSC fisheries standard, and the outcomes from these initiatives. It highlights the successes and challenges associated with implementation. The paper concludes that the MSC standard and the improvements that it incentivizes can make a positive contribution to regional efforts to improve environmental sustainability, fisheries governance and consequently the socio-economic viability and resilience of fisheries in Africa
Information and communication technologies for approaching smokers : a descriptive study in primary healthcare
Background: Common interventions for smoking cessation are based on medical advice and pharmacological aid. Information and communication technologies may be helpful as interventions by themselves or as complementary tools to quit smoking. The objective of the study was to determine the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the smoking population attended in primary care, and describe the major factors associated with its use. Methods: Descriptive observational study in 84 health centres in Cataluña, Aragon and Salamanca. We included by simple random sampling 1725 primary healthcare smokers (any amount of tobacco) aged 18-85. Through personal interview professionals collected Socio-demographic data and variables related with tobacco consumption and ICTs use were collected through face to face interviews Factors associated with the use of ICTs were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Users of at least one ICT were predominantly male, young (18-45 years), from most favoured social classes and of higher education. Compared with non-ICTs users, users declared lower consumption of tobacco, younger onset age, and lower nicotine dependence. The percentages of use of email, text messages and web pages were 65.3%, 74.0% and 71.5%, respectively. Factors associated with the use of ICTs were age, social class, educational level and nicotine dependence level. The factor most closely associated with the use of all three ICTs was age; mainly individuals aged 18-24. Conclusions: The use of ICTs to quit smoking is promising, with the technology of mobile phones having a broader potential. Younger and more educated subjects are good targets for ICTs interventions on smoking cessation
Identifying sustainability priorities among value chain actors in artisanal common octopus fisheries
The United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science highlights a need to improve the way in which scientific results effectively inform action and policies regarding the ocean. Our research contributes to achieving this goal by identifying practical actions, barriers, stakeholder contributions and resources required to increase the sustainability of activities carried out in the context of artisanal fisheries to meet UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) Global Action Plan (GAP) Pillar targets. We conducted a novel âsocial value chain analysisâ via a participatory workshop to elicit perspectives of value chain actors and fisheries stakeholders associated with two Spanish artisanal common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fisheries (western AsturiasâMarine Stewardship Council [MSC] certified, and Galiciaânon-MSC certified) about their priorities regarding sustainable octopus production and commercializationOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Cephs and Chefs Project (https://www.cephsandchefs.com/) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/) through the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme grant number EAPA_282/2016. CP, TF, KR and DC would also like to acknowledge financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020â+âUIDB/50017/2020â+âLA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. CP acknowledges the FCT research contract 2020.02510.CEECIND. SV and PP acknowledge the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (https://www.xunta.gal/portada) (RECREGES II project under Grant 1400 ED481B2018/017 and Grupo de Referencia Competitiva GI-2060 AEMI, under Grant 1401 ED431C2019/11). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptS
Management for sustainable cephalopod fisheries in Europe: review and recommendations
Although cephalopod fisheries are of world-wide importance, in Europe catching cephalopods is managed
only in small-scale fisheries, at national level, and few stocks are formally assessed. Because cephalopods
are not quota species under the EUâs Common Fisheries Policy, there is currently no requirement for
assessment or management at European level. Given increasing interest in targeting cephalopods in
Europe, there is a risk that they will be fished unsustainably. Although there have been recent review
papers on progress in stock assessment and fishery forecasting for commercially fished cephalopods there
has been no recent review of cephalopod fishery management. We aim to fill this gap, with a particular
focus on European cephalopod fisheries.We review potential barriers to sustainable fishing and reasons
why management of cephalopod fisheries differs from that for finfish fisheries, e.g. due to the high
inherent volatility and the possibly cyclic nature of year-to-year variation in cephalopod abundance,
reflecting their short lifespan, rapid growth and high sensitivity to environmental conditions. We review
fishery management approaches in important cephalopod fisheries worldwide (e.g. in the USA, Japan,
Falklands, South Africa, Australia and Russia) and current management of small-scale cephalopod
fisheries in Europe. We identify knowledge gaps and limitations to current monitoring programmes and
stock assessments and discuss the options available for cephalopod fishery management in Europe,
considering the suitability or otherwise of catch and effort limits, use of closed areas and seasons,
restrictions on sizes caught and types of fishing gear, and the ole of market-based sustainability pathways.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.
Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the treesââ„â10âcm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors
Identifying sustainability priorities among value chain actors in artisanal common octopus fisheries
30 pages, 6 figures, 1 table.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International LicenseThe United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science highlights a need to improve the way in which scientific results effectively inform action and policies regarding the ocean. Our research contributes to achieving this goal by identifying practical actions, barriers, stakeholder contributions and resources required to increase the sustainability of activities carried out in the context of artisanal fisheries to meet UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) Global Action Plan (GAP) Pillar targets. We conducted a novel âsocial value chain analysisâ via a participatory workshop to elicit perspectives of value chain actors and fisheries stakeholders associated with two Spanish artisanal common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fisheries (western AsturiasâMarine Stewardship Council [MSC] certified, and Galiciaânon-MSC certified) about their priorities regarding sustainable octopus production and commercialization. Our adapted Rapfish sustainability framework emphasised the importance of economic, environmental, ethical, institutional, social, and technological indicators to different actors across the value chain. We mapped participantsâ shared sustainability priorities (e.g. integrated fisheries management, knowledge-based management, product traceability) to six Rapfish indicators, seven IYAFA Pillars and twelve SDGs to reveal how our results can inform ocean policy and actions. This identified how certification incentives and other cooperative approaches can facilitate environmental, economic and social sustainability (e.g. value-added products, price premiums for producers, gender inclusive organisations); support IYAFA priority outcomes (raised awareness, strengthened science-policy interface, empowered stakeholders, partnerships); and help to achieve UN SDG targets (e.g. SDG 14.b, SDG 17.17). The results can inform actors, stakeholders and policymakers about how different actors contribute to efforts to achieve the SDGs and how to manage priorities for sustainable actions within artisanal fisheries and their value chains. We recommend inclusive and equitable participatory knowledge transfer and governance platforms as part of the UN Decade of Ocean Science and beyond where participants can create theories of change towards sustainability involving the development of multi-sectoral ocean policies framed at the level of the value chain and supported by appropriate governance structuresOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Cephs and Chefs Project (https://www.cephsandchefs.com/) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/) through the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme grant number EAPA_282/2016. CP, TF, KR and DC would also like to acknowledge financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020â+âUIDB/50017/2020â+âLA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. CP acknowledges the FCT research contract 2020.02510.CEECIND. SV and PP acknowledge the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (https://www.xunta.gal/portada) (RECREGES II project under Grant 1400 ED481B2018/017 and Grupo de Referencia Competitiva GI-2060 AEMI, under Grant 1401 ED431C2019/11)Peer reviewe
Management for sustainable cephalopod fisheries in Europe: review and recommendations
Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference, Cephalopods in the Anthropocene: Multiple Challenges in a Changing Ocean, April 2-8, 2022, Sesimbra, PortugalAlthough cephalopod fisheries are of world-wide importance, in Europe catching cephalopods is managed only in small-scale fisheries, at national level, and few stocks are formally assessed. Because cephalopod are not quota species under the EUâs Common Fisheries Policy, there is currently no requirement for assessment or management at European level. Given increasing interest in targeting cephalopods in Europe, there is a risk that they will be fished unsustainably. Although there have been recent review papers on progress in stock assessment and fishery forecasting for commercially fished cephalopods there has been no recent review of cephalopod fishery management. We aim to fill this gap, with a particular focus on European cephalopod fisheries.We review potential barriers to sustainable fishing and reasons why management of cephalopod fisheries differs from that for finfish fisheries, e.g. due to the high inherent volatility and the possibly cyclic nature of year-to-year variation in cephalopod abundance, reflecting their short lifespan, rapid growth and high sensitivity to environmental conditions. We review fishery management approaches in important cephalopod fisheries worldwide (e.g. in the USA, Japan, Falklands, South Africa, Australia and Russia) and current management of small-scale cephalopod fisheries in Europe. We identify knowledge gaps and limitations to current monitoring programmes and stock assessments and discuss the options available for cephalopod fishery management in Europe, considering the suitability or otherwise of catch and effort limits, use of closed areas and seasons, restrictions on sizes caught and types of fishing gear, and the ole of market-based sustainability pathwaysN
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