Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

The Fundamental theorem of Submanifolds in Braneworld Theory

In this paper we present the mathematical consistency of braneworld theory with a new proof of the fundamental theorem of submanifolds for case of semi-Riemannian manifolds. We find the integrability conditions for the existence of space-time submanifolds in a pseudo-Euclidean space

Potencial alelopático de lixiviados de cultivos de cobertura y malezas sobre plantas jóvenes de vid

Interactions between vines and herbaceous species may involve competition for resources and allelopathy. It is presumed that certain cover crops and weeds have allelopathic effects on the growth of grapevines. The objectives were: a) to evaluate the effect of leachate from irrigation of different cover crops on vines and b) to determine its inhibitory effect on seed germination. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with cover crops and potted vines. Eleven leachates from different green covers and a bare soil control were tested with a randomized design and five replicates. The vegetative and productive expression of the vines was evaluated. Seed germination tests were conducted using leachate from irrigation and different concentrations of the aqueous solution. Adverse effects were not detected in the vegetative growth, the grape production in young vines or the germination of other plant species. The pot trial showed that there is an interaction between cover crops and soil, whereby the balance of nutrients is altered depending on the species. This balance can positively or negatively affect the growth of the vines.Las interacciones entre la vid y especies herbáceas pueden involucrar competencia por recursos y alelopatía. Se presume que determinados cultivos de cobertura y malezas poseen efectos alelopáticos sobre el crecimiento de las cepas. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: a) evaluar el efecto de los lixiviados de riego de diversas coberturas vegetales sobre plantas de vid y b) determinar su efecto inhibitorio sobre la germinación de semillas. Se efectuaron experimentaciones de campo e invernadero, con cultivos de cobertura y vides en macetas. Se utilizaron 11 lixiviados de diferentes cubiertas vegetales y un testigo con suelo descubierto, con un diseño completamente al azar y cinco repeticiones. Se evaluó expresión vegetativa y productiva de las vides. Se realizaron pruebas de germinación sobre semillas, utilizando lixiviados del riego y diferentes concentraciones de la solución acuosa. No se detectó efecto negativo en el crecimiento vegetativo ni en la producción de uva en plantas jóvenes de vid, ni tampoco en la germinación de otras especies vegetales. El ensayo en macetas evidenció que existe una interacción entre las coberturas y el suelo, mediante la cual el balance de nutrientes es alterado según la especie, y puede afectar positiva o negativamente el crecimiento de las vides