mRNA-based approach to monitor recombinant gamma-interferon restoration of LPS-induced endotoxin tolerance

Introduction: It is now well accepted that sepsis is associated with the development of a pronounced immunosuppressive state, characterized by severe immune alterations (e.g. reduced proliferative capacity, endotoxin tolerance, apoptosis) participating in increased mortality and susceptibility to nosocomial infections. Efforts are currently aimed at restoring a functional immune response in septic patients. Successful therapydepends on the identification of appropriate immunostimulatory drugs and on the development of suitable biomarkers that could be used to stratify patients and to follow response to treatment.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the ex vivo effect of recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN-g) in restoring monocyte functionality (endotoxin-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-a production) in a two-hit model of endotoxin tolerance (ET) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and in whole blood of septic shockpatients. Importantly, we used quantitative-reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction to monitor the effect of rIFN-g on the expression of seven genes known to participate in ET (TNF-a, IL-10, HLA-DRA, CIITA, IRAK-M, ABIN-3 and LY64).Results: Expression analysis of those genes confirmed the presence of an immunosuppression state and the ex vivo restoration of immune functions by rIFN-g. We show for the first time that rIFN-g is able to bypass, at the mRNA level, the effect of negative regulators of the LPS signalling pathway such as IRAK-M, ABIN-3 and LY64.Conclusions: Overall, mRNA expressions of a panel of genes could represent promising candidates for the ex vivo evaluation of rIFN-g effect on monocyte functionality. This ex vivo translational research study demonstrates the potential of a mRNA-based approach to successfully monitor drug efficacy

Dans leurs propres mots: la mobilité dans les écrits personnels et les correspondances, XVIIe-XXe siècles

International audienceLongtemps l'apanage de la géographie et de la sociologie, l'étude de la mobilité repose dans ce livre sur l'apport d'archivistes, d'ethnologies, d'historiens, de linguistes, de littéraires qui ont recouru aux écrits personnels, aux correspondances et au œuvres littéraires pour montrer les aspects multiples que revêt la mobilité à travers ce qui apparaît ici comme un livre d'aventures ou qu'on feuillette comme un album photo. L’ouvrage est riche de paradoxes générateurs de sens, entre la mobilité et la stabilité, entre l’individu et la société, entre le récit et le témoignage. C’est un livre savant qui se lit presque comme un livre d’aventures ou qu’on feuillette comme un album photos : des instantanés de l’histoire qui la rendent plus démocratique et qui la démystifient

Determination of water, hydrates and pH in fluid inclusions by micro-Raman spectrometry

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Une localisation parotidienne bilatérale d’un carcinome épithélial myoépithélial

International audienceWe report the case of a 52-year-old man, who was admitted in the department of otorhinolaryngology for a mass of the right parotid gland. The radiological and clinical hypothesis was a squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathological examination revealed a biphasic proliferation composed of epithelial cells arranged in a tubular pattern stained with cytokeratins 5-6 and 7 and EMA surrounded by clear myoepithelial cells stained with smooth muscle actin and p63. Ki-67 labeling index was low. The diagnosis of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma was proposed. One year after, the patient noticed a centimetric mass of the left parotid gland. The radiological hypothesis was the presence of an intraparotidian lymph node. Histopathological examination showed a second epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma. This is an uncommon neoplasm comprising approximately 1% of all salivary gland tumours, affecting mainly the parotid gland. It is occurring preferably in patients older than 60years old. This is a low-grade malignant tumour with tendency to local recurrence and lymph node metastatic potential. We describe an exceptional bilateral epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland

Job strain, work characteristics and back pain: a study in a university hospital

The demand-control-support "job strain" model is frequently used in occupational health research. We sought to explore the relationship between job strain and back pain

Systemic air embolism depicted on systematic whole thoracic CT acquisition after percutaneous lung biopsy: Incidence and risk factors

International audienceObjectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of systemic air embolism (SAE) depicted on systematic whole thoracic CT performed after percutaneous lung biopsy.Methods: A total of 559 CT-guided lung biopsies performed between April 2014 and May 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. SAE was defined by the presence of air in the aorta or left cardiac cavities seen on whole thorax CT images acquired after needle withdrawal. Analyzed data focused on patient (age, sex, spirometry data, emphysema on CT, therapeutics received), target lesion (location, depth, size and feature) and procedure (patient position, length of intrapulmonary needle path, number of pleural passes and of biopsy samples, operator’s experience). A regression logistic model was used to identify risk factors of SAE.Results: SAE was observed after 27 of the 559 lung biopsies, corresponding to a radiological incidence of 4.8% (95%CI: 3.3–7.0). Clinical incidence was 0.17% (n = 1). For 21/27 patients (78%), a targeted acquisition in the nodule area would not have included the cardiac cavities meaning SAE would have been missed. On multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors were needle path length through ventilated lung (OR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02–1.25, p = 0.024), number of samples (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.01–2.17, p = 0.046) and prone position (OR: 3.12, 95%CI: 1.11–8.31, p = 0.031) or right-sided lateral decubitus (OR: 6.15, 95%CI: 1.66–22.85, p = 0.005).Conclusions: Asymptomatic systemic air embolism can be depicted in almost 5% of post biopsy CT examinations, when they are not limited to the targeted nodule area but include the entire thorax

Work related characteristics of back and neck pain among employees of a Swiss University Hospital

Objectives: 1) To explore the staff- and work-related risk factors for spinal pain among hospital employees, 2) to investigate the effect of staff- and work-related variables on the consequences of spinal pain, such as doctor visits and sick leave

Heat flow, morphology, pore fluids and hydrothermal circulation in a typical Mid-Atlantic Ridge flank near Oceanographer Fracture Zone

International audienceHydrothermal circulation affects heat and mass transfers in the oceanic lithosphere, not only at the ridge axis but also on their flanks, where the magnitude of this process has been related to sediment blanket and seamounts density. This was documented in several areas of the Pacific Ocean by heat flow measurements and pore water analysis. However, as the morphology of Atlantic and Indian ridge flanks is generally rougher than in the Pacific, these regions of slow and ultra-slow accretion may be affected by hydrothermal processes of different regimes. We carried out a survey of two regions on the eastern and western flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Oceanographer and Hayes fracture zones. Two hundred and eight new heat flow measurements were obtained along six seismic profiles, on 5 to 14 Ma old seafloor. Thirty sediment cores (from which porewaters have been extracted) have been collected with a Kullenberg corer equipped with thermistors thus allowing simultaneous heat flow measurement. Most heat flow values are lower than those predicted by purely conductive cooling models, with some local variations and exceptions: heat flow values on the eastern flank of the study area are more variable than on the western flank, where they tend to increase westward as the sedimentary cover in the basins becomes thicker and more continuous. Heat flow is also higher, on average, on the northern sides of both the western and eastern field regions and includes values close to conductive predictions near the Oceanographer Fracture Zone. All the sediment porewaters have a chemical composition similar to that of bottom seawater (no anomaly linked to fluid circulation has been detected). Heat flow values and pore fluid compositions are consistent with fluid circulation in volcanic rocks below the sediment. The short distances between seamounts and short fluid pathways explain that fluids flowing in the basaltic aquifer below the sediment have remained cool and unaltered. Finally, relief at small-scale is calculated using variogram of bathymetry and compared for different regions affected by hydrothermal circulation