Bone Quality and Fractures in Women with Osteoporosis Treated with Bisphosphonates for 1 to 14 Years

Oral bisphosphonates are the primary medication for osteoporosis, but concerns exist regarding potential bone-quality changes or low-energy fractures. This cross-sectional study used artificial intelligence methods to analyze relationships among bisphosphonate treatment duration, a wide variety of bone-quality parameters, and low-energy fractures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histomorphometry quantified bone-quality parameters in 67 osteoporotic women treated with oral bisphosphonates for 1 to 14 years. Artificial intelligence methods established two models relating bisphosphonate treatment duration to bone-quality changes and to low-energy clinical fractures. The model relating bisphosphonate treatment duration to bone quality demonstrated optimal performance when treatment durations of 1 to 8 years were separated from treatment durations of 9 to 14 years. This may be due to a change in relationship of bone-quality parameters with treatment duration. This model also showed that the effects of bisphosphonate treatment duration were most highly correlated with changes in means and standard deviations of infrared spectroscopically derived mineral and matrix parameters and histomorphometric bone turnover parameters. A second model related treatment duration to bone fracture in all 22 patients who fractured while on treatment with bisphosphonates for more than 8 years. This second model showed that bisphosphonate treatment duration, not hip bone mineral density (BMD), was the most strongly correlated parameter to these low-energy bone fractures. Application of artificial intelligence enabled analysis of large quantities of structural, cellular, mineral, and matrix bone-quality parameters to determine relationships with long-term oral bisphosphonate treatment and fracture. Infrared spectroscopy provides clinically relevant bone-quality information of which bone mineral purity is among the most relevant. Nine or more years of bisphosphonate treatment was associated with abnormal bone mineral purity, matrix abnormalities, and low-energy fractures. These data justify limiting bisphosphonate treatment duration to 8 years

Arpi. Formes et modes de vie d’une cité italiote (IVe-IIe siècle av. n.è.)

Le texte de ces Chroniques présente la troisième et dernière étape préliminaire du programme de recherches sur Arpi : formes et modes de vie d’une cité italiote, qui a débuté en 2014 et vise à produire une synthèse sur les formes de l’habitat d’époque hellénistique. La double particularité du projet se reflète dans la composition de cette contribution : il prend appui, d’une part, sur l’étude topographique, stratigraphique et matérielle, des données de fouilles anciennes conduites sous la responsabilité de la Surintendance entre le début de la seconde guerre mondiale et la fin des années 1990, d’autre part sur la mise à jour des découvertes dans une base géoréférencée, sur une enquête d’archéologie des paysages, avec une approche archéomorphologique, géomorphologique et géophysique, et sur des prospections pédestres. La recontextualisation qui en résulte n’est possible que grâce à la complémentarité des expériences et des compétences réunies par la Surintendance des Pouilles, puis de Foggia, du Centre Jean Bérard et de l’Université de Salerne. Elle a été conduite à plusieurs échelles, de la maison au territoire, pour mieux définir les contraintes, les ressources et l’évolution du paysage au sein duquel s’est développé ce phénomène urbain de très grande envergure et encore difficile à cerner sur l’ensemble de l’espace limité par l’agger

Pompéi. Villa de Diomède

Dans la continuité du programme initié en 2013, l’objectif de la deuxième campagne menée sur la Villa de Diomède était de mettre en évidence la chronologie du bâtiment et son rapport aux espaces environnants. Pour ce faire, l’étude archéologique a été centrée sur les façades est et sud de la villa, afin d’éclaircir le rapport à la rue (via delle Tombe) et aux tombes adjacentes. Il convenait d’explorer davantage l’évolution de la villa en fonction des rapports de propriété et d’occupation de l..

Comparative thermophysiology of marine synechococcus CRD1 strains isolated from different thermal niches in iron-depleted areas

Marine Synechococcus cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in the ocean, a feature likely related to their extensive genetic diversity. Amongst the major lineages, clades I and IV preferentially thrive in temperate and cold, nutrient-rich waters, whilst clades II and III prefer warm, nitrogen or phosphorus-depleted waters. The existence of such cold (I/IV) and warm (II/III) thermotypes is corroborated by physiological characterization of representative strains. A fifth clade, CRD1, was recently shown to dominate the Synechococcus community in iron-depleted areas of the world ocean and to encompass three distinct ecologically significant taxonomic units (ESTUs CRD1A-C) occupying different thermal niches, suggesting that distinct thermotypes could also occur within this clade. Here, using comparative thermophysiology of strains representative of these three CRD1 ESTUs we show that the CRD1A strain MITS9220 is a warm thermotype, the CRD1B strain BIOS-U3-1 a cold temperate thermotype, and the CRD1C strain BIOS-E4-1 a warm temperate stenotherm. Curiously, the CRD1B thermotype lacks traits and/or genomic features typical of cold thermotypes. In contrast, we found specific physiological traits of the CRD1 strains compared to their clade I, II, III, and IV counterparts, including a lower growth rate and photosystem II maximal quantum yield at most temperatures and a higher turnover rate of the D1 protein. Together, our data suggests that the CRD1 clade prioritizes adaptation to low-iron conditions over temperature adaptation, even though the occurrence of several CRD1 thermotypes likely explains why the CRD1 clade as a whole occupies most iron-limited waters

Associations between Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes and Exhaled NO-Related Phenotypes according to Asthma Status

International audienceBACKGROUND: The nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved in asthma, and eosinophils participate in the regulation of the NO pool in pulmonary tissues. We investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NO synthase genes (NOS) and biological NO-related phenotypes measured in two compartments (exhaled breath condensate and plasma) and blood eosinophil counts. METHODOLOGY: SNPs (N = 121) belonging to NOS1, NOS2 and NOS3 genes were genotyped in 1277 adults from the French Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA). Association analyses were conducted on four quantitative phenotypes: the exhaled fraction of NO (Fe(NO)), plasma and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) nitrite-nitrate levels (NO2-NO3) and blood eosinophils in asthmatics and non-asthmatics separately. Genetic heterogeneity of these phenotypes between asthmatics and non-asthmatics was also investigated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In non-asthmatics, after correction for multiple comparisons, we found significant associations of Fe(NO) levels with three SNPs in NOS3 and NOS2 (P ≤ 0.002), and of EBC NO2-NO3 level with NOS2 (P = 0.002). In asthmatics, a single significant association was detected between Fe(NO) levels and one SNP in NOS3 (P = 0.004). Moreover, there was significant heterogeneity of NOS3 SNP effect on Fe(NO) between asthmatics and non-asthmatics (P = 0.0002 to 0.005). No significant association was found between any SNP and NO2-NO3 plasma levels or blood eosinophil counts. CONCLUSIONS: Variants in NO synthase genes influence Fe(NO) and EBC NO2-NO3 levels in adults. These genetic determinants differ according to asthma status. Significant associations were only detected for exhaled phenotypes, highlighting the critical relevance to have access to specific phenotypes measured in relevant biological fluid

2 : Les revêtements muraux

De quels éléments disposons-nous actuellement pour tenter de restituer les décors muraux de cette maison, pour l’essentiel inédits ? En effet, l’article de S. C. Nappo, publié en 2001, ne mentionne que brièvement les revêtements muraux des pièces principales. Quant au volume II de Pompei. Pitture e mosaici où figure l’insula I 14, il passe sous silence cet édifice. 1. Les revêtements in situ À l’évidence, on peut distinguer trois groupes de pièces dont les revêtements, peints ou non, étaient ..

Peintures murales et stucs d’époque romaine.: Une archéologie du décor. Actes

International audienc