A criminalidade feminina e a adaptação do sistema prisional Brasileiro

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.Busca-se com a presente pesquisa demonstrar o resultado da comparação que recai sobre as diferenças históricas nos tipos de delitos cometidos por homens e mulheres, fazendo-se assim uma análise de como eram e como se desenvolveram as formas de delitos cometidos pela classe feminina ao longo do tempo e quais reflexos disso contemporaneamente. Com um raciocínio evolutivo desses delitos femininos investigamos como o Sistema Penitenciário Brasileiro tem se desenvolvido frente a essa ‘’novidade’’, qual seja, o aumento estatístico da criminalidade feminina, uma vez que, a delinquência sempre foi vista como um fenômeno masculino. Utilizando-se do modo de documentação indireta, dados bibliográficos, históricos e documentais e método histórico foi possível fazer as considerações necessárias. As diferenças entre os tipos de delitos femininos e masculinos são consideráveis e Isso se explica, coerentemente, sob uma análise dos distintos papéis que ambos desempenharam ao longo da história. A figura feminina sempre vista como dócil e frágil. Já o sexo masculino, não raramente, era atrelado a atitudes de delinquência e comportamento violento. Todavia, a mulher se vê nas mesmas situações oportunas para cometer delitos antes conhecidos só por eles, ao assumir posições sociais que não costumava. Para muitos criminologistas a proporção da criminalidade feminina aumenta, à medida que aumenta a participação da mulher na vida social, política e econômica do país em que vive. Devido a um sistema prisional ainda despreparado para lidar com esse crescimento e ao precário material de pesquisa sobre o assunto, enfrenta-se um déficit no que diz respeito aos direitos das mulheres encarceradas. Aumentam, assim, as preocupações, por parte dos órgãos públicos e demais instituições, para com as peculiaridades que envolvem o assunto

Effective hydrodynamic boundary conditions for microtextured surfaces

We report measurements of the hydrodynamic drag force acting on a smooth sphere falling down under gravity to a plane decorated with microscopic periodic grooves. Both surfaces are lyophilic, so that a liquid (silicone oil) invades the surface texture being in the Wenzel state. A significant decrease in the hydrodynamic resistance force as compared with that predicted for two smooth surfaces is observed. To quantify the effect of roughness we use the effective no-slip boundary condition, which is applied at the imaginary smooth homogeneous isotropic surface located at an intermediate position between top and bottom of grooves. Such an effective condition fully characterizes the force reduction measured with the real surface, and the location of this effective plane is related to geometric parameters of the texture by a simple analytical formula.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Is the bonding of self-adhesive cement sensitive to root region and curing mode?

Objectives To evaluate the influence of two curing techniques on the degree of conversion (DC) of resin cements and on bond strength (BS) of fiber posts in different regions of root dentin. Material and Methods Twenty single-rooted premolars were endodontically treated, and the post spaces were prepared. The roots were randomly divided into two groups (n=10), according to the activation mode of the resin cement RelyX™ U200 (3M ESPE Saint Paul, MN, USA): conventional (continuous activation mode) and soft-start activation mode (Ramp). The posts (WhitePost DC/FGM) were cemented according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and, after one week, the roots were cross-sectioned into six discs each of 1-mm thickness, and the cervical, medium, and apical thirds of the root canals were identified. The DC was evaluated under micro-Raman spectroscopy and the BS was evaluated by the push-out test. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results Neither the activation mode nor the root regions affected the DC of the resin cement. Higher BS was achieved in the soft-start group (p=0.036); lower BS was observed in the apical third compared to the other root regions (

Global integration of European tuna markets

This paper evaluates the degree of integration between the world market and the major European marketplaces of frozen and canned tuna through both vertical and horizontal price relationships. Spatial linkages are investigated horizontally in order to estimate the connection between the European market and the world-wide market on the primary tage of the value chain. One of the key results is the high level of market integration at the exvessel stage, and the price leadership of yellowfin tuna over skipjack tuna. The same approach is applied at the ex-factory level. Basically, the European market for final goods appears to be segmented between the Northern countries consuming low-priced canned skipjack tuna imported from Asia (mainly Thailand) and the Southern countries (Italy, Spain) processing and importing yellowfin-based products sold at higher prices. France appears to be an intermediate market where both products are consumed. The former market is found to be well integrated to the world market and can be considered to be competitive, but there is a suspicion of market power being exercised on the latter. Price relationships are therefore tested vertically between the price of frozen tuna paid by the canneries and the price of canned fish in both Italy and France. The two species show an opposite pattern in prices transmission along the value chain: price changes along the chain are far better transmitted for the “global” skipjack tuna than for the more European” yellowfin tuna. The results are discussed, along with their implications for the fishing industry.

Droits à produire transférables : Le marché des concessions conchylicoles et ses effets non désirés

Cet article propose une analyse de l'évolution du système d'accès au foncier conchylicole en France ainsi qu'une étude de son fonctionnement actuel. Il traite la question de la répartition des moyens de production dans un secteur dominé par le modèle de l'exploitation familiale et ayant vocation à maintenir une base sociale créatrice d'emplois dans certaines zones d'activité du littoral. Le régime d'accès au foncier conchylicole s'apparente à un système de droits à produire transférables. Cependant, le développement spontané du marché des concessions conchylicoles dans un contexte de faible intervention de l'administration provoque des effets non désirés dont la manifestation est ici vérifiée empiriquement, sur données quantitatives et qualitatives. La discussion finale porte sur la recherche d'outils de régulation et d'indicateurs économiques pour un meilleur fonctionnement du marché des concessions.Foncier, Conchyliculture, Droits à produire, Répartition, Encadrement du marché

Edge effects on water droplet condensation

International audienceIn this study is investigated the effect of geometrical or thermal discontinuities on the growth of water droplets condensing on a cooled substrate. Edges, corners, cooled/non cooled boundaries can have a strong effect on the vapor concentration profile and mass diffusion around the drops. In comparison to growth in a pattern where droplets have to compete to catch vapor, which results in a linear water concentration profile directed perpendicularly to the substrate, droplets near discontinuities can get more vapor (outer edges, corners), resulting in faster growth or less vapor (inner edges), giving lower growth. When the cooling heat flux limits growth instead of mass diffusion (substrate with low thermal conductivity, strong heat exchange with air), edge effects can be canceled. In certain cases, growth enhancement can reach nearly 500% on edges or corners

Effect of Root Canal Sealers on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Root Dentin Cemented after one Week or six Months

Eugenol-based root canal sealers (RCS) have been widely used by clinicians; however, their effect on resinous materials is still questionable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of RCS at 1 week and 6 months’ post obturation on the bond strength (BS) of glass fiber posts (GFP) to root dentin, using conventional and self-adhesive cementation systems (CS). The roots of 56 extracted human canines, were divided in eight groups (n=7) according to the combination of the following factors: RCS (with or without eugenol-Endofill and Sealer 26, respectively), storage period post obturation and prior GFP cementation (1 week and 6 months) and cementation systems (Variolink II - conventional resin cement or RelyX U200-self-adhesive resin cement). After one week, the specimens were transversely sectioned into six 1-mm-thick disks and were subjected to the push out BS test. The data were subjected to 3-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α=0.05). The BS were not affected by the RCS, neither the CS (P>0.05). Just the period post obturation showed statistically significant differences (P£0.05), where the GFP cemented 6 months after the endodontic treatment showed higher values than those cemented 1 week after it. Keywords: Cementation; Dentin; Push-out Bond Strength; Resin Cements; Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cemen

MICRODUREZA DE UMA RESINA COMPOSTA, COR INCISAL, POLIMERIZADA COM DIFERENTES FONTES DE LUZ

Fontes de luz à base de LEDs têm sido lançadas no mercado odontológico. Avaliou-se a microdureza de uma resina composta (Filtek Supreme-3MESPE/corYTincisal) utilizando diferentes fontes de luz, sendo:GIOptilux401/Demetron(Halógena-grupo controle); GIIL.E.DemetronI/Demetron (LEDs) e GIIIEliparFreeLight/3MESPE (LEDs). Confeccionou-se cinco corpos-de-prova(CP) para cada grupo, em matrizes metálicas com 2mm de espessura e 5mm de diâmetro. A resina composta foi fotoativada por 40segundos. Os CP foram armazenados à seco e na ausência de luz por 24horas. Em seguida, foi avaliada a microdureza l (Vickers) nas superfícies topo e base, através do microdurômetro digital HMV-2(Shimadzu) com carga de 50gf, durante 30s. Os dados foram submetidos a Análise de Variância para dois critérios e Teste t Student. Os valores médios em HV apresentados na superfície topo por grupo foram: GI(69,76±1,59); GII(68,95±1,45) e GIII(67,87±0,80), diferenças não significativas (p=0,119ANOVA) e, para a superfície base os valores médios foram: GI(62,73±1,57); GII(62,21±0,65) e GIII(61,06±0,87), diferenças não significativas (p=0,086ANOVA). Diferenças significativas ocorreram em todos os grupos entre as superfícies topo e as superfícies base (

Evaluation of the bond strength at the resin-dentin interface using self-etching adhesive systems containing different functional monomers / Avaliação da resistência de união na interface resina-dentina usando sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes contendo diferentes monômeros funcionais

Background: Self-etching adhesive systems have attracted considerable interest in dentistry, as these materials simplify the restorative protocol and allow a less sensitive adhesive technique. The objective of the present study was to analyze in vitro the performance of self-etching adhesive systems containing different functional monomers. Materials and Methods:  The adhesives evaluated were: Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) adhesive containing 10-MDP, Optibond All-in-One (OPT) containing GPDM, Palfique Bond (PB) containing 3D-SR monomer. Immediate microtensite bond strength (mTBS) and after thermocycling were realized. Interaction between the functional monomers and dentin was characterized using thin-film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the experiments were used 60 molars. Thirty molars were divided into 3 experimental conditions (n=10) according to the adhesive system; the teeth were restored and sectioned on “toothpick” specimens for mTBS. Additionally, five teeth were prepared in the form of discs and the adhesives applied without light curing on the surface for XRD analysis. For morphological evaluation in SEM, 25 teeth were treated with the respective adhesives. The mTBS data were submitted to ANOVA two factors and Tukey's test (5%).  Results: The adhesive vs. time interaction was statistically significant (p<0.001), with the CSE adhesive obtaining the highest means and being the worst performance of BP. The analysis of XRD found that the monomers interact chemically with hydroxyapatite, but with different intensities. SEM images indicate that the applied adhesives infiltrate the dentin forming resin tags in greater or lesser amounts. Conclusions: The different functional monomers have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the adhesive bond, with the 10-MDP monomer, the CSE adhesive, highlighted by the higher TBS values. The self-etching adhesive systems allow a simplification in the restorative protocol, besides a less sensitive adhesive technique and less clinical time for the procedure. Therefore, knowing its mechanical and chemical properties is important to ensure longer-lasting restorations.