Ictericia

Jaundice refers to yellowing of conjunctive, skin and mucous membranes; this is due to deposition of pigment bilirubin in the tissues. In healthy adults the normal concentration of serum bilirubin is less than 1-1.5 mg / dL, and will be visible when concentrations exceed 3 mg / dL. In the history of the jaundiced patient it is important to identify the data of biliary obstruction or liver disease. Treatment will be aimed at treating the cause of hyperbilirubinemia in non-obstructive jaundice, treat the underlying cause (autoimmune, viral, drugs) in obstructive jaundice treatment focuses on relieving the obstruction.La ictericia es una coloración amarillenta de conjuntivas, piel y mucosas, esto es debido al depósito del pigmento de la bilirrubina en los tejidos. En adultos sanos la concentración normal de bilirrubina en suero es menor de 1-1.5 mg/dL, y va a ser visible cuando las concentraciones exceden 3 mg/dL. En la historia del paciente ictérico es importante identificar los datos de obstrucción biliar o enfermedad hepática. El tratamiento va a ir dirigido a tratar la causa de la hiperbilirrubinemia, en la ictericia no obstructiva, se debe tratar la causa subyacente (autoinmune, viral, medicamentos), en la ictericia obstructiva el tratamiento se enfoca en aliviar la obstrucción

Esófago de barrett

This condition is a risk factor for the development of esophageal carcinoma. Therefore, it is necessary to know its ranges of evolution to cancer per year, surveillance methods and new endoscopic therapies.Esta condición es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar carcinoma de esófago, por lo que debe conocerse sus rangos de evolución a cáncer por año, métodos de vigilancia y las nuevas terapias endoscópicas

Esófago de Barrett

This condition is a risk factor for the development of esophageal carcinoma. Therefore, it is necessary to know its ranges of evolution to cancer per year, surveillance methods and new endoscopic therapies.Esta condición es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar carcinoma de esófago, por lo que debe conocerse sus rangos de evolución a cáncer por año, métodos de vigilancia y las nuevas terapias endoscópicas

Ictericia

Jaundice refers to yellowing of conjunctive, skin and mucous membranes; this is due to deposition of pigment bilirubin in the tissues. In healthy adults the normal concentration of serum bilirubin is less than 1-1.5 mg / dL, and will be visible when concentrations exceed 3 mg / dL. In the history of the jaundiced patient it is important to identify the data of biliary obstruction or liver disease. Treatment will be aimed at treating the cause of hyperbilirubinemia in non-obstructive jaundice, treat the underlying cause (autoimmune, viral, drugs) in obstructive jaundice treatment focuses on relieving the obstruction.La ictericia es una coloración amarillenta de conjuntivas, piel y mucosas, esto es debido al depósito del pigmento de la bilirrubina en los tejidos. En adultos sanos la concentración normal de bilirrubina en suero es menor de 1-1.5 mg/dL, y va a ser visible cuando las concentraciones exceden 3 mg/dL. En la historia del paciente ictérico es importante identificar los datos de obstrucción biliar o enfermedad hepática. El tratamiento va a ir dirigido a tratar la causa de la hiperbilirrubinemia, en la ictericia no obstructiva, se debe tratar la causa subyacente (autoinmune, viral, medicamentos), en la ictericia obstructiva el tratamiento se enfoca en aliviar la obstrucción

Efectividad y Seguridad de Ustekinumab en Pacientes con Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal tratados en la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social en el Periodo 2018-2022

Los agentes biológicos disminuyen la probabilidad de cirugía y modifican el curso de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Es necesario conocer la eficacia y la seguridad de UST en la población costarricense. Objetivo: Evaluar efectividad y seguridad de UST en pacientes de la CCSS tratados con EII. Los objetivos secundarios incluyen identificar y analizar potenciales factores predictores de efectividad a UST, así como describir el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes en los que se ha prescrito la terapia. Métodos: Un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes que recibieron UST con EII en la CCSS durante el periodo 2018-2022. Por medio de revisión de expedientes, recolectar parámetros clínicos, endoscópicos y de laboratorio para evaluar eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con UST. Igualmente, se realizó un análisis de regresión logística uni y multivariable para poder identificar asociaciones entre las diferentes covariables y las posibilidades de alcanzar respuesta y remisión clínica con UST. Resultados: Se incluyeron 41 pacientes de los cuales 39 (95.2 %) recibieron previamente anti-TNF. Las tasas de remisión clínica fueron de 26 %, 37 % y 63 %; las de respuesta clínica fueron de 61 %, 82 % y 80 % a los 3, 6 y 12 meses respectivamente. La normalización de PCR a los 3 meses se asoció con mayor remisión clínica a los 3 meses (p=0.001) y respuesta clínica a los 6 meses (p=0.05). La normalización de calprotectina fecal a los 12 meses se asoció a mayor remisión clínica (p=0.026), respuesta clínica (p=0.004) y remisión endoscópica (p=0.05) a los 12 meses. Tener anemia, calprotectina fecal >250 ug/g y albúmina <3.5 g/dL fueron predictores de no respuesta a UST. Dos pacientes requirieron colectomía por megacolon tóxico y enfermedad refractaria (tasa de 4.8 % eventos adversos serios). Conclusiones: UST es efectivo y seguro como terapia a corto y largo plazo en pacientes con EII. Los biomarcadores son potenciales predictores de respuesta a UST.Biological agents decrease the probability of surgery and modify the course of inflammatory bowel disease. It is necessary to know the efficacy of UST in the Costa Rican population. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of UST in CCSS patients treated with IBD. Secondary objectives include identifying and analyzing potential predictors of UST effectiveness and describing the epidemiological profile of patients to whom the therapy has been prescribed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who received UST with IBD in the CCSS from 2018-2022. Through file review, collect clinical, endoscopic, and laboratory parameters to assess the efficacy and safety of UST treatment. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis has been made to identify associations between the different covariates and the chances of achieving clinical response and remission with UST. Results: 41 patients were included, of whom 39 (95.2%) had previously received anti-TNF. Clinical remission rates were 26%, 37%, and 63%, clinical response rates were 61%, 82% and 80% at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. PCR normalization at 3 months was associated with greater clinical remission at 3 months (P=0.001) and clinical response at 6 months (P=0.05). Normalization of fecal calprotectin at 12 months was associated with greater clinical remission (P=0.026), clinical response (P=0.004), and endoscopic remission (P=0.05) at 12 months. Anemia, faecal calprotectin values >250 ug/g and albumin <3.5 g/dL were predictors of nonresponse to UST. Two patients required colectomy due to toxic megacolon and refractory disease (4.8% rate of serious adverse events). Conclusions: UST is effective and safe as a short- and long-term therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Biomarkers are potential predictors of response to UST.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Salud::Especialidad en Gastroenterología y Endoscopía Digestiv

The coverage of science in television news programs in Brazil and Colombia: a comparative study of media constructs

This study analyzes and compares the science and technology coverage in Brazil's main television news program (Jornal Nacional) and its Colombian counterpart (Noticias Caracol). Using content analysis, we investigated a corpus of news stories broadcast from April 2009 to March 2010. We found that Jornal Nacional presented over twice as many reports on science and technology as Noticias Caracol, and that its levels of reporting remained fairly stable throughout the year. The Brazilian reports were also longer, were featured more prominently, and used more visual resources. Even so, some similarities were found: news about health and medicine was most frequent; the reports focused primarily on announcing new research; scientists were the main sources cited; and national research was prioritized

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data