11,581 research outputs found
Flavor ordering of elliptic flows at high transverse momentum
Based on the quark coalescence model for the parton-to-hadron phase
transition in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, we relate the elliptic
flow () of high \pt hadrons to that of high \pt quarks. For high \pt
hadrons produced from an isospin symmetric and quark-antiquark symmetric
partonic matter, magnitudes of their elliptic flows follow a flavor ordering as
if strange quarks have a
smaller elliptic flow than light quarks. The elliptic flows of high \pt
hadrons further follow a simple quark counting rule if strange quarks and light
quarks have same high \pt spectrum and coalescence probability.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, revte
Restoration Ecology: Two-Sex Dynamics and Cost Minimization
We model a spatially detailed, two-sex population dynamics, to study the cost
of ecological restoration. We assume that cost is proportional to the number of
individuals introduced into a large habitat. We treat dispersal as homogeneous
diffusion. The local population dynamics depends on sex ratio at birth, and
allows mortality rates to differ between sexes. Furthermore, local density
dependence induces a strong Allee effect, implying that the initial population
must be sufficiently large to avert rapid extinction. We address three
different initial spatial distributions for the introduced individuals; for
each we minimize the associated cost, constrained by the requirement that the
species must be restored throughout the habitat. First, we consider spatially
inhomogeneous, unstable stationary solutions of the model's equations as
plausible candidates for small restoration cost. Second, we use numerical
simulations to find the smallest cluster size, enclosing a spatially
homogeneous population density, that minimizes the cost of assured restoration.
Finally, by employing simulated annealing, we minimize restoration cost among
all possible initial spatial distributions of females and males. For biased sex
ratios, or for a significant between-sex difference in mortality, we find that
sex-specific spatial distributions minimize the cost. But as long as the sex
ratio maximizes the local equilibrium density for given mortality rates, a
common homogeneous distribution for both sexes that spans a critical distance
yields a similarly low cost
Comparison of musculoskeletal networks of the primate forelimb
Anatomical network analysis is a framework for quantitatively characterizing the topological organization of anatomical structures, thus providing a way to compare structural integration and modularity among species. Here we apply this approach to study the macroevolution of the forelimb in primates, a structure whose proportions and functions vary widely within this group. We analyzed musculoskeletal network models in 22 genera, including members of all major extant primate groups and three outgroup taxa, after an extensive literature survey and dissections. The modules of the proximal limb are largely similar among taxa, but those of the distal limb show substantial variation. Some network parameters are similar within phylogenetic groups (e.g., non-primates, strepsirrhines, New World monkeys, and hominoids). Reorganization of the modules in the hominoid hand compared to other primates may relate to functional changes such as coordination of individual digit movements, increased pronation/supination, and knuckle-walking. Surprisingly, humans are one of the few taxa we studied in which the thumb musculoskeletal structures do not form an independent anatomical module. This difference may be caused by the loss in humans of some intrinsic muscles associated with the digits or the acquisition of additional muscles that integrate the thumb more closely with surrounding structures
Thermalization of gluon matter including gg<->ggg interactions
Within a pQCD inspired kinetic parton cascade we simulate the space time
evolution of gluons which are produced initially in a heavy ion collision at
RHIC energy. The inelastic gluonic interactions do
play an important role: For various initial conditions it is found that
thermalization and the close to ideal fluid dynamical behaviour sets in at very
early times. Special emphasis is put on color glass condensate initial
conditions and the `bottom up thermalization' scenario. Off-equilibrium processes make up the very beginning of the evolution leading to an initial
decrease in gluon number and a temporary avalanche of the gluon momentum
distribution to higher transversal momenta.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, Talk given at International Conference on Strong
and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 2006), BNL, New York, May 200
Partonic effects on higher-order anisotropic flows in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Higher-order anisotropic flows and in heavy ion collisions at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are studied in a multiphase transport model
that has previously been used successfully for describing the elliptic flow
in these collisions. We find that the same parton scattering cross
section of about 10 \textrm{mb} used in explaining the measured can also
reproduce the recent data on and from Au + Au collisions at
\textrm{AGeV}. It is further found that the is a more
sensitive probe of the initial partonic dynamics in these collisions than
. Moreover, higher-order parton anisotropic flows are nonnegligible and
satisfy the scaling relation , which
leads naturally to the observed similar scaling relation among hadron
anisotropic flows when the coalescence model is used to describe hadron
production from the partonic matter.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, version to appear in PRC as a Rapid Communicatio
Free-form lens model and mass estimation of the high redshift galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915, "El Gordo"
We examine the massive colliding cluster El Gordo, one of the most massive
clusters at high redshift. We use a free-form lensing reconstruction method
that avoids making assumptions about the mass distribution. We use data from
the RELICS program and identify new multiply lensed system candidates. The new
set of constraints and free-form method provides a new independent mass
estimate of this intriguing colliding cluster. Our results are found to be
consistent with earlier parametric models, indirectly confirming the
assumptions made in earlier work. By fitting a double gNFW profile to the lens
model, and extrapolating to the virial radius, we infer a total mass for the
cluster of M. We
estimate the uncertainty in the mass due to errors in the photometric
redshifts, and discuss the uncertainty in the inferred virial mass due to the
extrapolation from the lens model. We also find in our lens map a mass
overdensity corresponding to the large cometary tail of hot gas, reinforcing
its interpretation as a large tidal feature predicted by hydrodynamical
simulations that mimic El Gordo. Finally, we discuss the observed relation
between the plasma and the mass map, finding that the peak in the projected
mass map may be associated with a large concentration of colder gas, exhibiting
possible star formation. El Gordo is one of the first clusters that will be
observed with JWST, which is expected to unveil new high redshift lensed
galaxies around this interesting cluster, and provide a more accurate
estimation of its mass.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures. Updated figure
Meson and baryon elliptic flow at high pT from parton coalescence
The large and saturating differential elliptic flow v2(pT) observed in Au+Au
reactions at RHIC so far could only be explained assuming an order of magnitude
denser initial parton system than estimated from perturbative QCD.
Hadronization via parton coalescence can resolve this ``opacity puzzle''
because it enhances hadron elliptic flow at large pT relative to that of
partons at the same transverse momentum. An experimentally testable consequence
of the coalescence scenario is that v2(pT) saturates at about 50% higher values
for baryons than for mesons. In addition, if strange quarks have weaker flow
than light quarks, hadron v2 at high pT decreases with relative strangeness
content.Comment: Talk at SQM2003 [7th Int. Conf. on Strangeness in Quark Matter
(Atlantic Beach, NC, USA, Mar 12-17, 2003)] - 6 pages, 5 eps figs, IOP style
file
Searching for Masculine Capital: Experiences Leading to High Drive for Muscularity in Men
Studies on the drive for muscularity (DFM) have primarily been quantitative, focused on identifying correlates. Currently little is known about men’s experiences leading them to desire high levels of muscle and engage in behaviours to increase their masculine capital. Our purpose was to explore the stories of men with high DFM revealing the socio-cultural and personal factors leading to DFM and their search for masculine capital. In-depth life-history interviews and multiple in-the-field conversations were undertaken with twenty men (Mean age=28.45, SD=6.96, years) scoring ≥ 3 on the Drive for Muscularity Scale (Mean=4.30, SD=0.70). Men’s stories focused on a set of dysfunctional childhood and adolescent socio-cultural interactions, including forms of symbolic violence, between them and significant others. In these interactions men were exposed to dominant social narratives of masculinity, and through comparisons and reinforcement they identified discrepancies between themselves and these narratives. In late adolescence and early adulthood men came to believe that they lacked masculine capital. Men struggled to increase their masculine capital through engagement with other traditional masculine activities (e.g., sport) and driven by activating events, they compensated through DFM desires and behaviours. This study advances knowledge by revealing the socio-cultural and personal processes participants believed led to their high DFM. Findings disclose that men’s search for masculine capital may have led them to develop and maintain high levels of DFM
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