Aislamiento, purificación y elucidación de productos naturales con actividad antitumoral a partir de organismos marinos. Axinyssmide A y Axinyssmide C

PharmaMar es una compañía biofarmacéutica dedicada a la investigación y desarrollo de medicamentos innovadores de origen marino para el área terapéutica de oncología. Concretamente el departamento de Productos Naturales es el encargado del aislamiento y la elucidación de moléculas con actividad citotóxica. En esta memoria se va a exponer todo el proceso de aislamiento de estas moléculas. Partiendo del organismo marino se va a detallar la extracción del mismo, el fraccionamiento y purificación por técnicas cromatográficas, así como la caracterización de dichas moléculas por resonancia magnética nuclear y espectrometría de masas. Concretamente se expondrá todo el proceso basándose en el ejemplo de dos moléculas, la Axinyssmide A y la Axinyssmide C extraídas de la esponja Axinyssa que se recogió en Dili y que poseen una citotoxicidad moderad

Resilience and workability among breast cancer survivors

El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más común en mujeres de todo el mundo. Los avances médicos en el pronóstico y los tratamientos han mejorado las tasas de supervivencia; sin embargo, muchas mujeres comunican problemas físicos y psicológicos derivados del impacto y los tratamientos administrados que pueden socavar la viabilidad de las sobrevivientes del cáncer de mama. Dado que el cáncer de mama se presenta en edad laboral (35-65 años) y dada la importancia que tiene el trabajo en su proceso de recuperación, es crucial determinar los recursos psicológicos que las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama pueden utilizar para restablecer su capacidad laboral. En este sentido, la resiliencia entendida como la capacidad de adaptarse con éxito ante el estrés y la adversidad puede desempeñar un papel importante. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es explorar los niveles de resiliencia en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama y estudiar su relación con la viabilidad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 44 supervivientes de cáncer de mama de España, con una edad media de 51,93 (DE = 8,77). Las participantes completaron la Escala de Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young (versión en español adaptada por Novella, 2002) y el Índice de Capacidad para el Trabajo (WAI, Tuomi et al., 1997). Los resultados de las estadísticas descriptivas revelaron que las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama mostraron altos niveles de resiliencia. Además, los resultados de la correlación de Pearson indicaron que hubo una asociación positiva significativa entre resiliencia global y trabajabilidad (r = .33, p = .03), así como entre las dimensiones autoconfianza (r = .37, p = .01) y satisfacción personal (r = .33, p = .03). La edad no se correlacionó con la resiliencia ni con la trabajabilidad. Por tanto, la identificación de los factores que influyen positivamente en la adaptación de las supervivientes de cáncer de mama a la vida laboral puede ayudar a desarrollar intervenciones con el objetivo de restablecer la capacidad laboral en esta población. Además, dada la importancia que tiene la reincorporación laboral en esta población, esta investigación puede contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de recuperación en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama.Breast cancer is the most common neoplasia in women worldwide. Medical advances in prognosis and treatments have improved survival rates, however, many women report physical and psychological problems derived from the impact and the administered treatments that can undermine breast cancer survivors’ workability. Given that breast cancer occurs at working age (35-65 years) and due to the importance that work has in their recovery process, it is crucial to determine the psychological resources that breast cancer survivors may use to reestablish their ability to work. In this sense, resilience understood as the ability to successfully adapt in the face of stress and adversity may play an important role. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore resilience levels in breast cancer survivors and to study its relationship with workability. The sample was comprised of 44 breast cancer survivors of Spain, with a mean age of 51.93 (SD = 8.77). Participants completed the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (Spanish version adapted by Novella, 2002) and Work Ability Index (WAI, Tuomi et al., 1997). The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that breast cancer survivors displayed high levels of resilience. Moreover, the results of the Pearson correlation indicated that there was a significant positive association between global resilience and workability (r = .33, p = .03), as well as between the dimensions self-confidence (r = .37, p = .01) and personal satisfaction (r = .33, p = .03). Age did not correlate with resilience nor with workability. Thus, identifying the factors that positively influence breast cancer survivors’ adjustment to working life can help to develop interventions with the aim to restore working ability in this population. Besides, given the importance that return-to-work have in this population, this research may contribute to expanding knowledge regarding the recovery process in breast cancer survivors.peerReviewe

Social Behavior of Antibiotic Resistant Mutants Within Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Communities

The complex spatial structure and the heterogeneity within biofilms lead to the emergence of specific social behaviors. However, the impact of resistant mutants within bacterial communities is still mostly unknown. Thus, we determined whether antibiotic resistant mutants display selfish or altruistic behaviors in mixed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms exposed to antibiotics. ECFP-tagged P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and its EYFP-tagged derivatives hyperproducing the β-lactamase AmpC or the efflux pump MexAB-OprM were used to develop single or mixed biofilms. Mature biofilms were challenged with different concentrations of β-lactams to monitor biofilm structural dynamics, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and population dynamics, through enumeration of viable cells. While exposure of single wild-type PAO1 biofilms to β-lactams lead to a major reduction in bacterial load, it had little effect on biofilms formed by the resistant mutants. However, the most reveling finding was that bacterial load of wild-type PAO1 was significantly increased when growing in mixed biofilms compared to single biofilms. In agreement with CFU enumeration data, CLSM images revealed the amplification of the resistant mutants and their protection of susceptible populations. These findings show that mutants expressing diverse resistance mechanisms, including β-lactamases, but also, as evidenced for the first time, efflux pumps, protect the whole biofilm community, preserving susceptible populations from the effect of antibiotics. Thus, these results are a step forward to understanding antibiotic resistance dynamics in biofilms, as well as the population biology of bacterial pathogens in chronic infections, where the coexistence of susceptible and resistant variants is a hallmark

Nuevo eucologio romano en letra gorda : devocionario completo conteniendo todos los oficios del año... : compuesto y arreglado conforme al breviario y al misal romano

Donación Rafael Lario PérezFondo antiguo ilustrad

A two-question tool to assess the risk of repeated falls in the elderly

Introduction Older adults' perception of their own risk of fall has never been included into screening tools. The goal of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of questions on subjects' self-perception of their own risk of fall. Methods This prospective study was conducted on a probabilistic sample of 772 Spanish community-dwelling older adults, who were followed-up for a one year period. At a baseline visit, subjects were asked about their recent history of falls (question 1: 'Have you fallen in the last 6 months?'), as well as on their perception of their own risk of fall by using two questions (question 2: 'Do you think you may fall in the next few months?' possible answers: yes/no; question 3: 'What is the probability that you fall in the next few months?' possible answers: low/intermediate/high). The follow-up consisted of quarterly telephone calls, where the number of falls occurred in that period was recorded. Results A short questionnaire built with questions 1 and 3 showed 70% sensitivity (95% CI: 56%-84%), 72% specificity (95% CI: 68%-76%) and 0.74 area under the ROC curve (95% CI: 0.66-0.82) for prediction of repeated falls in the subsequent year. Conclusions The estimation of one's own risk of fall has predictive validity for the occurrence of repeated falls in older adults. A short questionnaire including a question on perception of one's own risk of fall and a question on the recent history of falls had good predictive validity

Optimism and resilience among university students

University life is full of stressful stimuli that can contribute to psychological distress and lower performance levels. Despite academic demands, university students also face new stressors, such as different social networks, financial changes, and adaptation to new family and social roles that may have a negative impact on their mental health (Pidgeon y Pickett, 2017). In this sense, resilience literature has gained acceptance explaining how some students successfully adapt to university life while others find great challenges. Since resilience has been defined as the ability to successfully adapt in the face of stress and adversity, it is important to determine what psychological factors contribute enhancing this resilience levels. One of the factors related to life adaptation is optimism, understood as the general expectancy of obtaining positive outcomes in the future (Scheier y Carver, 1985). Hence, the aim of this study is to study the relationship between optimism and resilience among a sample of university students in Spain.The sample was comprised of 132 students from the University of Cádiz (Spain). Participants were selected by quota sampling from first to last year of studies. The majority of students (72.5%) were female and average age was 21.71 (range = 18–48, SD = 3.75). Participants completed the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (Spanish version adapted by Novella, 2002) and Life Orientation Test (LOT-R Spanish version adapted by Ferrando, Chico y Tous).We performed hierarchical multiple regression analysis and obtained that optimism explained 25% of resilience among university students (R2 = .25, â = .49). No gender and age differences were observed. Thus, identifying the factors that influence students’ adjustment to university life can improve the targeting of interventions to improve university academic performance. Moreover, this research could contribute helping students to successfully face this life transition, increasing their well-being and life satisfaction levels and decreasing university absenteeism

Colección de prácticas de instrumentación acústica y control de ruido

Grado en Ingeniería de Sistemas Audiovisuales. Asignatura: Instrumentación Acústica y Control de RuidoLa asignatura Instrumentación Acústica y Control de Ruido está encuadrada en el cuarto curso del Grado de Ingeniería de Sistemas Audiovisuales en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Esta materia trata de formar a los estudiantes en lo que se refiere a cómo se diseña la instrumentación utilizada en la mayoría de las medidas acústicas, y a cómo hay que proceder en la realización de las medidas más habituales en acústica ambiental y de la edificación. El objetivo de esta asignatura es formar profesionales cualificados que puedan ejercer como técnicos especialistas y directores técnicos en laboratorios de acústica. Se definen 6 prácticas de laboratorio con el objetivo de que el alumno adquiera los conocimientos necesarios

Effectiveness of Global Postural Reeducation in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of this study was to determine the role of global postural reeducation for people with ankylosing spondylitis. We compared the effects of treatments on pain, dysfunction (using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), range of motion, and chest expansion in a specific population aged over 18 years old with ankylosing spondylitis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. The search was conducted using the PubMed, Physiotherapy Database (PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Clinical trials and systematic reviews/meta-analysis were reviewed. Results: 154 studies were found. Finally, four were included. Conclusions: global postural reeducation is beneficial for ankylosing spondylitis, but no more so than other conventional treatments, except for spinal mobility, where Global Postural Reeducation demonstrated an advantage

Relación entre la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios

New demands and transitional changes during university stage can be a source of stress for university students, having an important effect on their well-being (Gutiérrez et al., 2010). The purpose of this study was to analyze the predictive ability of self-esteem on life satisfaction –cognitive component of subjective well-being-. The sample consisted of 150 students (72% women, 28% men) attending to different degrees at the University of Cadiz and whose average age was 21.62 ( S D = 3.59, range = 18-48). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale R S E S - (Rosenberg, 1965; Spanish version by Salgado and Iglesias, 1995) and the Life Satisfaction Scale S W L S - (Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin, 1985; Spanish version by Atienza, Pons, Balaguer and García-Merita, 2000) were administered. Hierarchical regression analysis carried out indicated that all the variables entered explained 34.4% of the variance in life satisfaction (R2 = .34), although 32,6% was due to the influence of selfesteem, being its predictive ability positive and statistically significant (β=.61). These results were confirmed independently of the possible effect of age, sex, and students’ degree. These data provide empirical support concerning the importance of developing programs that reinforce students’ selfesteem enhancing, simultaneously, global life satisfaction levels.Las nuevas exigencias y cambios transicionales durante la etapa universitaria pueden suponer una fuente de estrés en el alumnado repercutiendo notablemente sobre su bienestar (Gutiérrez et al., 2010). El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la capacidad predictiva de la autoestima sobre la satisfacción con la vida –componente cognitivo del bienestar subjetivo-. La muestra estuvo conformada por 150 estudiantes (72% mujeres, 28% hombres) pertenecientes a diferentes grados de la Universidad de Cádiz cuya media de edad fue 21,62 ( S D = 3.59, rango= 18-48). Se administró la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg – R S E S - (Rosenberg, 1965; adaptación al castellano de Salgado e Iglesias, 1995) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida – S W L S - (Diener, Emmons, Larsen y Griffin, 1985; adaptación al castellano de Atienza, Pons, Balaguer y García-Merita, 2000). Los análisis de regresión jerárquica realizados indicaron que todas las variables introducidas explicaban el 34,4% de la varianza de la satisfacción con la vida (R2= .34), si bien el 32,6% se debía a la influencia de la autoestima, siendo su capacidad predictiva positiva y estadísticamente significativa (β=.61). Estos resultados se confirmaron con independencia del posible efecto de la edad, el sexo y la titulación cursada por el alumnado universitario. Estos datos aportan apoyo empírico sobre la importancia de desarrollar programas que refuercen la autoestima de estudiantes universitarios, pues simultáneamente se incrementarían los niveles de satisfacción global con la vida

Pain and recurrent falls in the older and oldest-old non-institutionalized population

Background: Recurrent falls represent a priority in geriatric research. In this study we evaluated the influence of pain as a risk factor for recurrent falls (two or more in 1 year) in the older (65-79 years) and oldest-old (80 or more years) non-institutionalized population. Methods: Prospective cohort study. 772 non-institutionalized individuals with ages of 65 years or older (with overrepresentation of people aged 80 years or older [n = 550]) were included through randomized and multistage sampling, stratified according to gender, geographic area and habitat size. Basal evaluation at participant's home including pain evaluation by Face Pain Scale (FPS, range 0-6) and then telephonic contact every 3 months were performed until complete 12 months. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression (recurrent falls as outcome variable) for each age group (older and oldest-old group) were developed considering pain as a quantitative variable (according to FPS score). Models were adjusted for age, gender, balance, muscle strength, depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, number of drugs and number of drugs with risk of falls. Results: 114 (51.35%) and 286 (52%) participants of older and oldest-old group, respectively, reported pain; and recurrent falls occurred in 6.93% (n = 12) of the older group and 12.06% (n = 51) of the oldest-old group. In the older group, pain was associated with recurrent falls, with an associated odds ratio (OR) of 1.47 (95% CI 1.08-2.00; beta 0.3864) for each unit increase in pain intensity (thus, participants with the most severe pain [FPS 6] had OR of 10.16 regarding to participants without pain [FPS 0]). In the oldest-old group, pain was not associated with recurrent falls. Conclusions: Pain, a potentially modifiable and highly prevalent symptom, is a risk factor for recurrent falls in the older people (65-79 years). However, we have not been able to demonstrate that this relationship is maintained in the oldest-old population (80 or more years). Keywords: Oldest-old people, Falls, Risk factor