Entropy of continuous maps on quasi-metric spaces

The category of metric spaces is a subcategory of quasi-metric spaces. In this paper the notion of entropy for the continuous maps of a quasi-metric space is extended via spanning and separated sets. Moreover, two metric spaces that are associated to a given quasi-metric space are introduced and the entropy of a map of a given quasi-metric space and the maps of its associated metric spaces are compared. It is shown that the entropy of a map when symmetric properties is included is grater or equal to the entropy in the case that the symmetric property of the space is not considered

Isotopic Form of M-Rings

The aim of this work is to generalize the notion of isofields by presenting the notion of Misorings. A method for constructing new M-isorings is presented. It is proved that an M-isoring for which its isounit is the fixed point of its identity function is an M-ring. Two methods for constructing new M-rings are presented

Distal Fuzzy Dynamical Systems

In this paper the t-distal notion is extended for fuzzy dynamical systems on fuzzy metric spaces. A method for constructing fuzzy metric spaces is studied. The product of t-distal fuzzy dynamical systems is considered. It is proved that: a product of fuzzy dynamical systems is t- distal if and only if its components are t-distal. The persistence of the t-distal property up to a fuzzy factor map is proved

Comparison of the effect of biological formulations containing Metarhizium anisopliae on Hyalomma ticks

زمینه و هدف: قارچ های جنس متارایزیوم به طور فزاینده ای در فرمول های تجاری در برابر حشرات استفاده می شو ن د. ولی در مطالعات تجربی اثر ضد کنه ای آنها کمتر بررسی شده است. با توسعه مقاومت کنه ها به کنه کش ها و آگاهی ما از اینکه مواد شیمیایی برای محیط زیست مضر هستند، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی استفاده از 4 فرمولاسیون مختلف از قارچ متارایزیوم آنیزوپیله برای مبارزه با کنه هیالوما انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 4 فرمولاسیون مختلف شامل: 1) آب مقطر با 2/0 درصد توئین و متارایزیوم آنیزوپیله ، 2) آب مقطر با 10 درصد روغن پنبه دانه، 01/0 درصد ساکارز با 2/0 درصد توئین و متارایزیوم آنیزوپیله ، 3) آب مقطر با 10 درصد پارافین مایع، 01/0 درصد ساکارز با 2/0 درصد توئین و متارایزیوم آنیزوپیله ، 4) آب مقطر (شاهد) استفاده گردید. چهار فرمولاسیون تهیه شده روی بدن 128 کنه بالغ در چهار گروه در شرایط یکسان پاشیده شد. پس از پاشش فرمولاسیون ها، تعداد کنه مرده در روزهای بعد شمارش شدند. تاثیر تیمار ها بر مرگ و میر کنه ها با استفاده از آنالیز بقاء برای زمان بررسی شد. یافته ها : گرچه اثر فرمولاسیون های آب، پارافین مایع و روغن پنبه دانه با قارچ متارایزیوم آنیزوپیله، از نظر آماری با همدیگر اختلاف معنی داری نداشتند، لیکن اثر فرمولاسیون روغن پنبه دانه بهتر بود. بین اثر فرمولاسیون های حاوی قارچ و فرمولاسیون فاقد قارچ (شاهد) اختلاف آماری معنی داری مشاهده گردید ( P <0.05 ). نتیجه گیری: برای از بین بردن کنه هیالوما روی بدن دام ها، به جای استفاده از سموم و مواد شیمیایی می توان سوسپانسیون روغن پنبه دانه حاوی قارچ متارایزیوم آنیزوپیله را مورد استفاده قرار داد بدون اینکه ضرری برای محیط زیست، دامها و انسان داشته باشد. با این حال تحقیقات بیشتری در این خصوص توصیه می گردد

Effect of autoclave processing and gamma irradiation on apparent ileal amino acids digestibility of cottonseed meal in male broiler breeders

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of autoclaving and different doses of gamma irradiation on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids of cottonseed meal in male broiler breeders. Samples were irradiated in a gamma cell at total doses of 15, 30 and 45 kGy. One package (control) was left at room temperature: Similar to the other treatments, evaporation decreased the moisture content of the samples. Autoclaving of cottonseed meal for 15 min at 121°C was studied. The treatments were: (1) control, untreated cottonseed meal diet; (2) autoclaved cottonseed meal diet; (3) cottonseed meal diet gamma irradiated at a dose of 15 kGy; (4) cottonseed meal diet gamma irradiated at a dose of 30 kGy; (5) cottonseed meal diet gamma irradiated at a dose of 45 kGy. The results show that autoclaving for 15 min at 121°C did not have a statistically significant effect on the apparent ileal digestibility of the amino acids in cottonseed meal when compared with the control treatment. The results also show that gamma irradiation of cottonseed meal were not effective in increasing the apparent digestibility of amino acids. In addition, irradiation of cottonseed meal did not improve the apparent digestibility of amino acids in comparison with the other processing methods only, but also significantly decreased it (p<0.05).Key words: Gamma irradiation, digestibility, amino acid, cottonseed meal, broiler

Free Reducing Agent, One Pot, and Two Steps Synthesis of Ag@SiO[2] Core-shells using Microwave Irradiation

In this work a new method for the fabrication of Ag@SiO[2] nanoparticles have been proposed that is completely different from Stober method. Ag nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave irradiation. polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as stabilizer and capping agent, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane as functionalizer of silver particles in fully ethanol solution. The Ag nanoparticles were used subsequently without any subtraction and treatment in the preparation of Ag@SiO[2] core-shell nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy shows a characteristic plasmon peak at 400 nm and 430 nm for Ag nanoparticles and Ag@SiO[2] coreshells. Transmission electron microscope images show that Ag nanoparticles have the average size of 10 nm. It is also depicted that SiO[2] shell structure was formed uniformly with the average size of 10 nm. The application of 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane in the preparation of core-shells yields single Ag core structure