SUSTAINABLE CONFLICT RESOLUTION: A CASE STUDY OF THE CONQUEST OF MAKKAH

Whether East or West, the stature of Prophet Muhammad (upon whom be peace) is an acknowledged one because of his magnanimity which is not reserved for Muslims alone. The resolution of the conflicts in his life had not only been creative and constructive but also non-violent; achieving sustainable development goals simultaneously. This paper analyses the situation at the conquest of Makkah from the life of the last Prophet in Islam from the perspective of sustainable development. It explores the situation as early as the Treaty of Hudaibiya and examines it under the framework of the United Nation’s sustainable development goals and popular nongame theory of negotiation reviewed by P.H. Gulliver. It, therefore, concludes that the Seerah of the Prophet is a progressive tool to transpire the national and international agenda for sustainable development and can serve as an approach towards multi-disciplinary collaboration to attain peace in the region and ultimately in the whole wide world

Estimation of finite population distribution function with auxiliary information in a complex survey sampling

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the finite population cumulative distribution function (CDF) in a complex survey sampling, which includes two-stage and three-stage cluster sampling schemes with and without stratification. We propose two new families of CDF estimators using supplementary information on a single auxiliary variable. Explicit mathematical expressions of the biases and mean squared errors of the proposed CDF estimators are developed under the frst order of the approximation. Real datasets are also considered to support the proposed theory

Low Complexity Belief Propagation Polar Code Decoders

Since its invention, polar code has received a lot of attention because of its capacity-achieving performance and low encoding and decoding complexity. Successive cancellation decoding (SCD) and belief propagation decoding (BPD) are two of the most popular approaches for decoding polar codes. SCD is able to achieve good error-correcting performance and is less computationally expensive as compared to BPD. However SCDs suffer from long latency and low throughput due to the serial nature of the successive cancellation algorithm. BPD is parallel in nature and hence is more attractive for high throughput applications. However since it is iterative in nature, the required latency and energy dissipation increases linearly with the number of iterations. In this work, we borrow the idea of SCD and propose a novel scheme based on sub-factor-graph freezing to reduce the average number of computations as well as the average number of iterations required by BPD, which directly translates into lower latency and energy dissipation. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has no performance degradation and achieves significant reduction in computation complexity over the existing methods.Comment: 6 page

Effects of Dose Amount for Antiepileptic Drugs on Lipid Profile of Male Rats (Rattus Norvegicus).

       The present study aimd to estimate the changes in lipid profile depend on dosage amount of two AEDs ,Phenytoin (PHT) and Carbamazepine (CBZ) , and make a comparison between them in rats. A 30 healthy male Wistar rats (150-200 g) ( subdivide to five groups ) first group was control , the second and third groups received (50 mg\kg and 100 mg\kg) of Phenytoin respectively, fourth and fifth  groups received (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) of Carbamazepine respectively. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured after 20 days period of treating, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was calculated also. Our data revealed that, the administration of PHT (50 mg\kg) and CBZ (25 mg\kg) did

Effects of Dose Amount for Antiepileptic Drugs on Lipid Profile of Male Rats (Rattus Norvegicus).

       The present study aimd to estimate the changes in lipid profile depend on dosage amount of two AEDs ,Phenytoin (PHT) and Carbamazepine (CBZ) , and make a comparison between them in rats. A 30 healthy male Wistar rats (150-200 g) ( subdivide to five groups ) first group was control , the second and third groups received (50 mg\kg and 100 mg\kg) of Phenytoin respectively, fourth and fifth  groups received (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) of Carbamazepine respectively. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured after 20 days period of treating, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was calculated also. Our data revealed that, the administration of PHT (50 mg\kg) and CBZ (25 mg\kg) didn’t affect  serum lipid profile significantly compared to control group in male rats except the levels of VLDL in CBZ (25 mg\kg) group which increased significantly (p-value <0.05) compared to control group, on the other hand we found that the administration of double dose (PHT 100 mg\kg and CBZ 50 mg/kg) in group3 and group5 respectively caused a significant increase in TC, TGs, LDL and VLVL in both groups compare to control group. According to our results we conclude that the doubling the dose of CBZ and PHT cause an increase in  cholesterol, TGs, LDL and VLDL and switching from CBZ and PHT to another drugs or decrease the dosage could contributes to avoid effects on the lipid metabolism  profile  of patients  with  chronic  epileps

AI in Bioinformatics

In bioinformatics science and computational molecular biology, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly gained interest. With the availability of numerous types of AI algorithms, it has become prevalent for researchers to use off-shelf programmes to identify their datasets and mine them. At present, researchers are facing difficulties in selecting the right approach that could be extended to a given data collection, with numerous intelligent approaches available in the literature. Researchers need instruments that present the data in an intuitive manner, annotated with meaning, precision estimates, and description. In the fields of bioinformatics and computational molecular biology (DNA sequencing), this article seeks to review the use of AI. These fields have evolved from the needs of biologists to use the large volumes of data continuously obtained in genomic science and to better understand them. For several approaches to bioinformatics and DNA sequencing, the fundamental impetus is the evolution of species and the difficulty of dealing with incorrect results. The type of software programmes developed by the scientific community to search, identify and mine numerous usable biological databases are also mentioned in this article, simulating biological experiments with and without mistakes. The review of antibody-antigen interactions and their diversity, and the study of epidemiological evidence that can help forecast antibody-antigen interactions and the induction of broadly neutralising antibodies are important questions to be answered in the field of vaccinology

Effects of Sawdust and Rice husk Additives on Physical Properties of Ceramic Filter

استخدمت طريقتان لتشكيل المرشحات السيراميكية، وبالتحديد، الصب الانزلاقي والكبس شبه الجاف &nbsp;لتصنيع المرشحات السيراميكية من المواد الخام المحلية كالطين الأحمر والمواد القابلة للاحتراق (نشارة الخشب وقشر الأرز). تم استخدام نسب وزنية مختلفة&nbsp; من المواد المضافة كعامل تشكيل المسام لخلق المسامات في المرشح السيراميكي. حرقت المرشحات المشكلة عند درجة الحرارة إلى 1000 درجة مئوية. وقد وجد أن تقنيات التشكيل والإضافات لها تأثير كبير على خصائص المرشحات السيراميكية النانجة. طريقة الصب الانزلاقي هي الطريقة أكثر ملاءمة لإنتاج المرشح السيراميكي المسامي. وكذلك تزداد المسامية مع زيادة نسبة المواد المضافة.Two processes were employed for forming, specifically,&nbsp; slip casting and semi-dry press were used to manufacture ceramic filters from local raw materials, red clay and combustible materials&nbsp; (sawdust and rice husk). Different proportions of additives were used as pores forming agents to create porosity in ceramic filter. Dried filters &nbsp;were fired at temperature to 1000°C. &nbsp; It was found that the forming technique and additives have great effect on the physical properties of the produced ceramic filters. The slip casting technique was more suitable procedure for producing a porous ceramic filter. As well as, porosity increased as percentage of the combustible materials increased